Inhibition of platelet phagocytosis as an in vitro predictor ...

TRANSFUSION MEDICINE| JUNE 25, 2020

Inhibition of platelet phagocytosis as an in vitro predictor for therapeutic potential of RBC antibodies in murine ITP

Ramsha Khan, Melissa Menard, Chao-Ching Jen, Xi Chen, Peter A. A. Norris, Alan H. Lazarus

Blood (2020) 135 (26): 2420–2424.

https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003646

Key Points

RBC antibody–induced anemia is not a sufficient condition to predict a successful antibody for the treatment of a murine model of ITP.

RBC-specific antibodies that successfully block platelet phagocytosis in vitro predicted a successful outcome in a murine model of ITP.

Abstract

Polyclonal anti-D is a first-line therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Monoclonal antibodies are desirable alternatives, but none have yet proven successful despite their ability to opsonize erythrocytes (or red blood cells, RBCs) and cause anemia. Here, we examined 12 murine erythrocyte–specific antibodies of different specificity and subtypes and found that 8 of these antibodies could induce anemia in antigen-positive mice. Of these 8 antibodies, only 5 ameliorated ITP. All antibodies were examined for their in vitro ability to support macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of erythrocytes. Antibodies which supported erythrocyte phagocytosis in vitro successfully ameliorated ITP in vivo. To examine the ability of each antibody to inhibit phagocytosis of platelets, the antibodies were used to sensitize erythrocytes in vitro and these were added to a platelet phagocytosis assay. Antibodies that inhibited platelet phagocytosis in vitro also all ameliorated ITP in vivo. We conclude that inducing anemia is not a sufficient condition for amelioration of ITP but that the antibody’s ability to prevent platelet phagocytosis in vitro predicted its ability to ameliorate ITP. We suggest that inhibition of in vitro platelet phagocytosis may prove to be a valuable tool for determining which erythrocyte antibodies would likely be candidates for clinical use in ITP.

Subjects:

Transfusion Medicine

Topics:

antibodies, blood group antibody d, blood platelets, mice, phagocytosis, purpura, thrombocytopenic, idiopathic, erythrocytes, thrombocytopenia due to immune destruction, anemia, retail clinics

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