Shanghai tower. Courtesy of Blackstation.
From a structural perspective, we know a lot about the effects of wind force and weather on a tall building, on adjacent buildings, and on public spaces through using wind tunnel testing. Still, much of the data about weather and wind forces on most sites comes from estimates, which are taken at ground level, modeled, or estimated from nearby airports (generally low-rise areas) and not within an urban context.
從結構的角度來看，我們通過風洞實驗對風力和天氣對高層建築物、相鄰建築物和公共空間的影響有了很多的認識。然而，大多數場址的天氣和風力數據中都包含不少估計值，而且這些估計值都是取自地面高度，然後在附近機場的低層區域中進行建模或估計得出的，而非在城市環境中進行。
Shanghai Tower. Courtesy of Blackstation.
For a megatall building, the slight inaccuracies in these estimates can significantly affect a building’s performance. Air leakage and moisture penetration rates vary with a rise in elevation. The wind forces and temperature also change farther up. The 「stack effect」 affects energy exertion for climate control, as cold air sinks and hot air rises through the bulk of the building via elevator shafts.
對於超高建築來說，這些估計值中的微小誤差都會顯著影響建築的性能。與溫度和風力相似，空氣滲透和溼氣侵入速率也會對建築造成影響，但其影響程度會隨著高度的升高而變化。「煙囪效應」則會影響溫度控制所消耗的能量，因為建築主體部分的冷空氣下降和熱空氣上升都是通過電梯井進行的。
360 Chicago. Courtesy of Montparnasse 56 USA LLC
Designing tall buildings to be more efficient can be achieved with better data gathering. according to Russell Gilchrist, the global leader of Gensler’s Tall Building practice. The supertall and megatall buildings potentially have an undersized heating system and an oversized cooling system because of the use of generic data in design. The use of drone-assisted measurement in architecture is an example of how data gathering can be improved in the planning design stages. Adoption of these new technologies will lead the way in optimizing buildings, delivering more efficient and comfortable skyscrapers.
通過更好的數據收集和一些能提高效率的特徵，可以實現更高效的高層建築設計。Gensler高層建築的全球負責人RussellGilchrist認為，由於在設計中使用通用數據，超高層建築和巨型建築都會有一個潛在的問題：供暖系統太小，而製冷系統太大。在建築設計中，使用無人機輔助測量有利於優化建築各系統和外立面，從而設計出高效、舒適的摩天大樓。
21st Century Tower. Courtesy of Zhonghai Shen.
Read Russel Gilchrist’s full post about this subject in Gensler’s design blog, GenslerOn: http://www.gensleron.com/cities/2016/12/22/in-search-of-better-data-to-optimize-tall-buildings.html
您可以前往Gensler設計博客GenslerOn，閱讀Russel Gilchrist關於本主題的完整文章：http://www.gensleron.com/cities/2016/12/22/in-search-of-better-data-to-optimize-tall-buildings.html