如果這個長周末你正好在紐約,千萬別錯過大好的機會去欣賞曼哈頓懸日。今年夏季的這一景觀會在5月29和5月30日的下午8:12出現。
曼哈頓懸日(Manhattanhenge)是指在美國紐約曼哈頓出現的自然現象。由於曼哈頓街道大多呈棋盤式布局,在每年的5月28日和7月12日(或13日),日落時陽光將灑滿曼哈頓的所有的東西向街道,呈現一幅壯觀的景象,時間長達15分鐘。而在每年的12月5日和1月8日,這樣的景觀將伴隨著日出而出現。
Manhattanhenge — sometimes referred to as the Manhattan Solstice — is an event during which the setting sun is aligned with the east–west streets of the main street grid of Manhattan, New York City. This occurs twice a year, on dates evenly spaced around thesummer solstice. The first Manhattanhenge occurs around May 28, while the second occurs around July 12.
曼哈頓懸日的英文名稱Manhattanhenge是美國自然歷史博物館的天體物理學家奈爾·德葛拉司·泰森(Neil deGrasse Tyson)於2002年首次使用的。他將曼哈頓(Manhattan)與英國著名的巨石陣(Stonehenge)的詞根henge結合,創造了這一詞語。
這些年,這一景觀越來越熱。
The term "Manhattanhenge" was popularized by Neil deGrasse Tyson, an astrophysicist at the American Museum of Natural Historyand a native New Yorker. It is a reference to Stonehenge, a prehistoric monument located in Wiltshire, England, which was constructed so that the rising sun, seen from the center of the monument at the time of the summer solstice, aligns with the outer "Heel Stone".
The event has attracted increasing attention in recent years.
In the following table, "full sun" refers to occurrences of the full solar disk just above the horizon, and "half sun" refers to occurrences of the solar disk partially hidden below the horizon.
DateTimeTypeMay 31, 20118:17 p.m.Full sunJuly 12, 20118:25 p.m.Full sunJuly 13, 20118:25 p.m.Half sunMay 29, 20128:17 p.m.Half sunMay 30, 20128:16 p.m.Full sunJuly 11, 20128:24 p.m.Full sunJuly 12, 20128:25 p.m.Half sunMay 28, 20138:16 p.m.Half sunMay 29, 20138:15 p.m.Full sunJuly 12, 20138:23 p.m.Full sunJuly 13, 20138:24 p.m.Half sunMay 29, 20148:16 p.m.Half sunMay 30, 20148:18 p.m.Full sunJuly 11, 20148:24 p.m.Full sunJuly 12, 20148:25 p.m.Half sunMay 29, 20158:12 p.m.Half sunMay 30, 20158:12 p.m.Full sunJuly 12, 20158:20 p.m.Full sunJuly 13, 20158:21 p.m.Half sunMay 29, 20168:12 p.m.Half sun[4]May 30, 20168:12 p.m.Full sun[4]July 11, 20168:20 p.m.Full sun[4]July 12, 20168:20 p.m.Half sun[4]在相似街道格局的其他都市也有相似的現象。通常採取棋盤式道路規劃的都市較易發生。其城市如下列所述:
巴爾的摩—3月25日與9月18日的日出;以及3月12日與9月29日的日落。
芝加哥—9月25日,有Chicagohenge之稱。
多倫多—10月25日與2月16日,有Torontohenge之稱。
蒙特婁—7月12日,有Montrealhenge之稱。
高雄—1月29日。
The same phenomenon happens in other cities with a uniform street grid and an unobstructed view of the horizon, with each instance depending on the city's grid plan, surrounding topography and flora (for instance, a city surrounded by hills, mountains or forestry would not experience the effect even if its streets were laid out perfectly). Such occurrences would coincide with the vernal and autumnal equinox only if the grid plan were laid out precisely north-south and east-west, and perfectly aligned with true north as opposed to magnetic north. The situation in Baltimore comes fairly close, with its sunrises on March 25 and September 18 and sunsets on March 12 and September 29.[5] In Chicago, the setting sun lines up with the grid system on September 25 and March 20, a phenomenon known similarly asChicagohenge.[6] In Toronto, the setting sun lines up with the east–west streets on October 25 and February 16, a phenomenon known locally as Torontohenge.[7] InMontreal, there may be a Montrealhenge each year on July 12.[8] When the architects designing the centre of Milton Keynes in the UK discovered its main street almost framed the rising sun on Midsummer Day, they consulted Greenwich Observatory to obtain the exact angle required at their latitude, and persuaded their engineers to shift the grid of roads a few degrees.
"MIThenge" is the twice-yearly event when the setting sun can be seen across the length of the "Infinite Corridor", in the central campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in Cambridge, Massachusetts. That event was first advertised in 1975, in a poster that included a drawing of Stonehenge.