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轉發+評論=抽取10名幸運兒免費獲贈《暗網》
我們由這個世界而來，也窒息於這個世界，網絡提供了可呼吸的空間了嗎？沒有，因為還有暗網，那暗網能讓我們呼吸嗎？不能，因為我們不是賽博格，因為我們最後還是要在這個世界生活並過完我們的一輩子。
這是我看的一本叫《暗網》的書的評論。
「暗網」一詞第一次在國內被大眾所廣泛認知，是從2017年中國訪美女學者章瑩穎遇害開始的。在這一事件的發酵下，「暗網」給我們留下了暗殺市場、人肉搜索、比特幣犯罪、非法槍枝交易、偽造美國護照、隱秘毒品交易、色情直播、自殺聯盟等黑暗和罪惡的印象。但真實的暗網到底是怎樣的一個世界呢？
《暗網》作者傑米·巴特利特，也是我們下面要看的TED視頻的主講人，曾耗時4年，在暗網潛伏，並在線下與採訪對象見面，其中有執拗頑固的種族主義者、汙力十足的成人色情女主播、冷漠冰山的比特幣犯罪天才。甚至他親身體驗了一次在暗網購買毒品的經歷。進而完成了這本《暗網》。
我們一起走進傑米·巴特利特的演講，了解暗網的秘密：
If you want to buy high-quality, low-price cocaine, there really is only one place to go, and that is the dark net anonymous markets.
如果你想買質優價廉的古柯鹼，你只能去一個地方，那就是暗網匿名市場。
anonymous匿名的
Now,you can't get to these sites with a normal browser -- Chrome or Firefox --because they're on this hidden part of the Internet, known as Tor hidden services, where URLs are a string of meaningless numbers and letters that end in .onion, and which you access with a special browser called the Tor browser.
如今通過一個普通的瀏覽器如谷歌或者火狐，你是不能來進入這種網站的 -- 因為他們是網際網路的一個叫做 Tor 隱藏服務的隱秘角落：它把URL變成一串沒有任何意義的數字和字母，以.onion（洋蔥）結尾，你要用一個叫做Tor 的特殊瀏覽器來連接它。
browser瀏覽器
Now, the Tor browser was originally a U.S. Naval intelligence project. It then became open source, and it allows anybody to browse the net without giving awaytheir location. And it does this by encrypting your IP address and then routing it via several other computers around the world that use the same software.
Tor 瀏覽器原本是一個美國海軍情報項目，之後它便成了開放資源，任何人在自己位置不被公開的前提下都能瀏覽網頁。它通過加密你的IP位址，並且在全世界都在用這個軟體的電腦中不斷變換來實現這個功能。
intelligence 情報 智力
encrypt 加密
You can use it on the normal Internet, but it's also your key to the dark net. And because of this fiendishly clever encryption system, the 20 or 30 -- we don't know exactly -- thousand sites that operate there are incredibly difficult to shut down. It is a censorship-free world visited by anonymous users.
你在普通的網頁也可以用它，但是它也是通往暗網的鑰匙。因為這個機智到可惡的轉換系統，兩萬或三萬 -- 我們不知道到底有多少 -- 在它上面運營的成千上萬的網頁都基本不可能被關閉。這是一個被匿名者瀏覽且沒有審查的世界。
fiendishly 殘酷地
censorship-free 免於審查
Little wonder, then, that it's a natural place to go for anybody with something to hide, and that something, of course, need not be illegal. On the dark net, you will find whistle-blower sites, The New Yorker.
沒有多少疑問，如果有人要隱藏什麼，它自然是最好的選擇，那個東西，當然了，也許並非違法。在暗網上，你會找到告發醜聞的爆料網站，紐約客。
illegal 非法的
whistle-blower 告密者
You will find political activism blogs. You will find libraries of pirated books. But you'll also find the drugs markets, illegal pornography, commercial hacking services, and much more besides.
你會找到政治激進分子的博客。你會找到盜版書圖書館。但你也會找到毒品交易市場，非法色情品以及商業黑客服務等等。
pirated books 盜版書
pornography 色情文學
Now, the dark net is one of the most interesting, exciting places anywhere on the net. And the reason is, because although innovation, of course, takes place in big businesses, takes place in world-class universities, it also takes place in the fringes, because those on the fringes -- the pariahs, the outcasts -- they're often the most creative, because they have to be.
現在，暗網已經成為了網際網路上最有趣最刺激的地方。原因是，儘管我們一直認為只有大商業企業或者綜合性的頂級大學才會一直在追求創新發展，創新其實也發生在一些社會邊緣人群中，因為那些邊緣人群 -- 社會底層人群，那些被社會拋棄的群體-- 常常是最有創造力的，因為他們不得不這樣。
fringe 邊緣
pariah 被社會遺棄者
outcast 被拋棄者
In this part of the Internet, you will not find a single lolcat, a single pop-upa dvert anywhere. And that's one of the reasons why I think many of you here will be on the dark net fairly soon.
在這部分網絡中，你不會發現任何一隻喵星圖，任何一個彈窗廣告。這是其中一個原因，為何我認為在座的很多人很快就會開始使用暗網。(Laughter)（笑）
lolcat 歡樂喵星人（網際網路流行文化）
pop-up advert 彈窗廣告
Not that I'm suggesting anyone in this audience would use it to go and procure high-quality narcotics. But let's say for a moment that you were. 我並非建議在座所有人應該去用暗網，去獲得高質量的毒品。但此刻瞬間，假裝現在你們都要這樣做。(Laughter)（笑）
narcotic 麻醉藥，毒品
Bear with me. The first thing you will notice on signing up to one of these sites is how familiar it looks. Every single product -- thousands of products -- has a glossy, high-res image, a detailed product description, a price. There's a "Proceed to checkout" icon. There is even, most beautifully of all, a "Report this item" button.
忍受我一下哈！首先，當你在這些網頁上註冊的時候，你會感到這些頁面很眼熟。每一款產品 -- 上千款產品 -- 都有高清圖片，詳細的產品介紹和價格。有一個 」去結算「按鈕。甚至還有一個，非常漂亮驚人的 」舉報這個物品「按鈕。(Laughter)（笑）
high-res=High Resolution 高清晰度
Incredible.
讓人難以置信。
You browse through the site, you make your choice, you pay with the crypto-currency bitcoin, you enter an address -- preferably not your home address -- and you wait for your product to arrive in the post, which it nearly always does. And the reason it does is not because of the clever encryption. That's important. Something far simpler than that. It's the user reviews.
當你瀏覽這些網頁的時候，你要做出選擇，你用網絡貨幣比特幣支付，你輸入一個地址 -- 應該不會是你的家庭住址 -- 你等著你的物品被送到你手裡，它們總會被送到的。之所以說它們會被送到，是因為那個機智的轉換加密系統。那很重要。還有更簡單的：用戶評價。(Laughter)（笑）
bitcoin 比特幣
user review 用戶評論
You see, every single vendor on these sites uses a pseudonym, naturally enough, but they keep the same pseudonym to build up a reputation. And because it's easy for the buyer to change allegiance whenever they want, the only way of trusting a vendor is if they have a good history of positive feedback from other users of the site.
你懂得，每個賣家在這些網頁上，極其自然地用個化名，但他們會用同一個化名來積累人氣。因為買家要改名，任何時候都可以，只要他們願意。唯一的一個辦法能讓他們信任一個賣家，就是那個賣家在這個網頁其他用戶反饋中，有一個很好的聲譽和交易記錄。
pseudonym 假名，化名
allegiance 忠誠
And this introduction of competition and choice does exactly what the economists would predict. Prices tend to go down, product quality tends to go up, and the vendors are attentive, they're polite, they're consumer-centric, offering you all manner of special deals, one-offs, buy-one-get-one-frees, free delivery, to keep you happy.
這種競爭與選擇的關係，會完全按照經濟學家的預測的那樣發展下去。價格會下降，產品質量會上升。賣家對買家高度關注，他們以禮相待，把顧客當上帝，給你介紹所有的特殊優惠，買一贈一，免費運送，博你歡心。
one-off 一次性的
I spoke to Drugsheaven. Drugsheaven was offering excellent and consistent marijuana at a reasonable price. He had a very generous refund policy, detailed T's and C's, and good shipping times.
我與「毒品天堂」聊過。 「毒品天堂源源不斷提供物美價廉的大麻。他有一個大度的退貨政策、詳細的介紹和條款，以及非常及時的物流時間。
marijuana 大麻
refund 退貨
"Dear Drugsheaven," I wrote, via the internal emailing system that's also encrypted, of course. "I'm new here. Do you mind if I buy just one gram of marijuana?"
我在網絡的匿名郵件系統中寫到：「親愛的毒品天堂，我是新來的。你能賣給我一克大麻嗎？」
A couple of hours later, I get a reply. They always reply.
幾小時後，我得到了回復。他們絕對會回覆你。
"Hi there, thanks for your email. Starting small is a wise thing to do. I would,too, if I were you."
「親，你好，謝謝你的郵件，從小劑量開始是很明智的做法。如果我是你，我也會這麼做。」 (Laughter)（笑）
"So no problem if you'd like to start with just one gram. I do hope we can do business together. Best wishes, Drugs-heaven."
「所以如果你只想買一克，是可以的。希望我們能夠一起做生意。祝好，毒品天堂。」 (Laughter)（笑）
I don't know why he had a posh English accent, but I assume he did.
我不知道為什麼他有英國的上層社會口音，但我認為他有。
posh 時髦的
Now, this kind of consumer-centric attitude is the reason why, when I reviewed 120,000 pieces of feedback that had been left on one of these sites over a three-month period, 95 percent of them were five out of five. The customer, you see, is king.
現在，這種以顧客為中心的態度，解釋了為什麼，當我瀏覽三個月的時間內留下的12萬條用戶反饋時，95%給了五星。你瞧瞧，顧客，是王道啊。
But what does that mean? Well, on the one hand, that means there are more drugs, more available, more easily, to more people. And by my reckoning, that is not a good thing.
但是這又意味著什麼？一方面，這意味著現在有更多的毒品可以更加便捷更容易被更多的人買到。我想，這並非好事。
But, on the other hand, if you are going to take drugs, you have a reasonably good way of guaranteeing a certain level of purity and quality, which is incredibly important if you're taking drugs. And you can do so from the comfort of your own home, without the risks associated with buying on the streets.
但在另一方面，如果你想要吸毒，你會有一個合情合理的途徑來確保你的毒品的純度和質量，如果你要吸毒，這是非常重要的。你可以安安心心的在家裡買到毒品，而不是冒在街上購買而提心弔膽。
guarantee 確保
risk 風險 take risks冒險
Now, as I said, you've got to be creative and innovative to survive in this market place. And the 20 or so sites that are currently in operation -- by the way, they don't always work, they're not always perfect; the site that I showed you was shut down 18 months ago, but not before it had turned over a billion dollars' worth of trade.
現在，如同我所說，你要創造、創新，才能在這個市場中生存下來。順便說一下，在20多家正在營業的店鋪網站中，他們並不是一直都會開業，也不總是很完美；剛才我給你們展示的網站，在18個月前就被關閉了，但是在此之前，它已經完成了近十億美金的交易。
But these markets, because of the difficult conditions in which they are operating, the in hospitable conditions, are alwaysinnovating, always thinking of ways of getting smarter, more decentralized, harder to censor, and more customer-friendly.
由於營業環境複雜困難，風險高，這些市場一直在創新，一直在想辦法更巧妙地營銷。也就是做到分散化，不要被審查到，更以顧客為中心。
decentralized 去中心化
censor 審查
Let's take the payment system. You don't pay with your credit card, of course -- that would lead directly back to you. So you use the crypto-currency bitcoin, which is easily exchanged for real-world currencies and gives quite a high degree of anonymity to its users.
我們看一看支付系統。你不用你的信用卡付款，當然了 -- 這會讓你的身份暴露。所以你用網絡貨幣比特幣，很容易就能換成現實世界的現金，並且能高度保護用戶隱私。
crypto-currency網絡貨幣
But at the beginning of these sites, people noticed a flaw. Some of the unscrupulous dealers were running away with peoples' bitcoin before they'd mailed the drugs out. The community came up with a solution, called multi-signature escrow payments.
剛開始有這些網站的時候，人們發現了一個漏洞。一些可惡的賣家攜款逃跑，而不給你寄毒品。這個團體想出了一個解決方法：多重籤名第三方契約系統。
unscrupulous 肆無忌憚的
escrow 第三方託管
So on purchasing my item, I would send my bitcoin to a neutral, secure third digital wallet. The vendor, who would see that I'd sent it, would be confident that they could then send the product to me, and then when I received it, at least two of the three people engaged in the transaction -- vendor, buyer, site administrator -- would have to sign the transaction off with a unique digital signature, and then the money would be transferred. 當我購買物品，我能把我的比特幣寄出去，到一個中立的安全的第三方電子錢包。賣家會看到我已經寄出去了，就相信他們可以把毒品寄給我了，當我收到的時候，至少2-3人參與了這次交易－－賣家，買家，網站管理者，要聯手籤名通過這次交易，通過一個獨特的電子籤名，然後，錢就能被轉帳到賣家那裡的。
transaction 交易
Brilliant! Elegant! It works!
厲害！優雅。實用。
But then they realized there was a problem with bitcoin, because every bitcoin transaction is actually recorded publicly in a public ledger. So if you're clever, you can try and work out who's behind them. So they came up with a tumbling service. Hundreds of people send their bitcoin into one address, they're tumbled and jumbled up, and then the right amount is sent on to the right recipients, but they're different bitcoins: micro-laundering systems.
但是他們意識到比特幣有個問題，因為每次的比特幣交易都會被一個公共帳簿記錄下來，所以如果你足夠聰明，你就能發現誰在幕後操作。所以他們研究出了一種滾動轉移服務。上百人把他們的比特幣轉到一個地址下，它們」翻滾「並雜亂地混在一起，然後，正確的金額被轉帳到正確的接受人那裡，但這些是不同的比特幣了：微型洗錢系統。(Laughter)（笑）
ledger 分類帳目
tumbling service 滾動轉移服務
It'sincredible.
這很不可思議。
Interested in what drugs are trending right now on the dark net markets? Check Grams, the search engine. You can even buy some advertising space.
對現在毒品銷售在暗網上的趨勢感興趣？試一下Grams，一個搜尋引擎。你甚至可以買一些廣告位。(Laughter)（笑）
Are you an ethical consumer worried about what the drugs industry is doing? Yeah. One vendor will offer you fair trade organic cocaine.
你是一個有道德的顧客，擔憂現在製毒產業的發展情形？是的。一個賣家能給你價格公道的有機古柯鹼。(Laughter)（笑）
ethical 道德的，倫理的
That's not being sourced from Colombian druglords, but Guatemalan farmers. They even promised to reinvest 20 percent of any profits into local education programs.
這些不是從哥倫比亞的毒梟那裡買的，而是從瓜地馬拉的農民那裡拿到的。他們甚至承諾會把利潤的20% 投資到當地教育中。(Laughter)（笑）
druglord 毒梟
There's even a mystery shopper.
甚至還有一個神秘的買家。
Now, whatever you think about the morality of these sites -- and I submit that it's not actually an easy question -- the creation of functioning, competitive, anonymous markets, where nobody knows who anybody else is, constantly at risk of being shut down by the authorities, is a staggering achievement, a phenomenalachievement. And it's that kind of innovation that's why thoseon the fringesare often the harbingers of what is to come.
不管你對這些網站的道德作風有何想法 -- 我承認建立這樣的網站都不是一個容易的問題 -- 它是一個運轉流暢，競爭激烈的匿名市場，在那裡每個人都不知道對方是誰，一直承受著被當局關掉的風險，這是一個驚人的成就，一個偉大的成就。就是這種創新，讓那些邊緣產業和人們，成為未來的先知。
staggering 難以置信的
harbinger 預言者 先知
It's easy to forget that because of its short life, the Internet has actually changed many times over the last 30 years or so. It started in the '70s as a military project, morphed in the 1980s to an academic network, co-opted by commercial companies in the '90s, and then invaded by all of us via social media in the noughties, but I think it's going to change again. And I think things like the dark net markets -- creative, secure, difficult to censor -- I think that's the future.
很容易就被忘記的是，因為它很短命，網際網路其實已經經歷了幾次改變，在30年的時間中。它在70年代由一個軍事項目而啟動，在1980年代轉變成了學術網絡， 90年代被商業公司合作經營，現在被我們所有人以社交網絡入侵，但是我覺得它還會改變。一些東西就像暗網市場 -- 富有創造力，安全，很難去審查 --我相信這就是未來。
morph 變體，改變
noughties 二十世紀頭十年
And the reason it's the future is because we're all worried about our privacy. Surveys consistently show concerns about privacy. The more time we spend online, the more we worry about them, and those surveys show our worries are growing. We're worried aboutwhat happens to our data. We're worried about who might be watching us.
為什麼呢，因為我們都很在意我們的隱私。調查一直在顯示對於隱私保護的關注。我們花更多時間上網我們就更擔心，這些調查顯示我們的焦慮正在增長。我們關心我們的數據會怎樣。我們擔心誰在監視著我們。
Since the revelations from Edward Snowden, there's been a huge increase in the number of people using various privacy-enhancing tools. There are now between two and three million daily users of the Tor browser, the majority of which use isperfectly legitimate, sometimes even mundane.
因為愛德華·斯諾登的爆料，現在越來越多的人們，開始使用加強隱私保護的工具。現在有兩百到三百萬的日常用戶使用Tor瀏覽器。大部分用來做完全合法的事情，有時候只是用於很普通的瀏覽。
legitimate 合法的
mundane 世俗的，普通的
And there are hundreds ofactivists around the world working on techniques and tools to keep you private online -- default encrypted messaging services.
全世界有數百個積極分子使用技術和工具來幫助你保護隱私 -- 默認信息加密服務。
default 默認，未履行
Ethereum, which is a project which tries to link up the connected but unused hard drives of millions of computers around the world, to create a sort of distributed Internet that no onereally controls. Now, we've had distributed computing before, of course. We use it for everything from Skype to the search for extraterrestrial life. But you add distributed computing and powerful encryption -- that's very, very hard to censor and control. Another called MaidSafe works on similar principles. Another called Twister, and so on and so on.
Ethereum，一個嘗試去把上百萬的連接在一起卻沒被使用的硬碟聯機起來的項目來創造一個發散性的網絡，沒有人能夠控制。現在，我們以前當然有過發散性的系統。我們用它做很多事情從Skype聊天到搜索外星生命。但是如果你把發散性系統和強大的加密系統聯繫在一起就會非常非常難以審查和控制。另一個叫做MadiSafe，是相似的系統。還有一個叫做Twister，等等，等等。
extraterrestrial 外星人
And here's the thing -- the more of us join, the more interesting those sites become, and then the more of us join, and so on. And I think that's what's going to happen.
就是這樣 -- 更多人的加入讓它變的更有趣，然後更多人再接著加入，周而復始。我覺得這是馬上要發生的事情。
In fact, it's already happening. The dark net is no longer a den for dealers and a hideout for whistle-blowers. It's already going mainstream.
實際上，它已經發生了。暗網已經不是交易者的窩點或者違法者的藏匿處。它已經日漸主流了。
den 賊窩
hideout 藏匿處
whistle-blower 告密者
Just recently, the musician Aphex Twin released his album as a dark net site. Facebook has started a dark net site. A group of London architects have opened a dark net site for people worried about regeneration projects.
最近，音樂家Aphex Twin 把他新專輯用暗網網站的方式發行。臉書已經有了一個暗網網站地址。一群倫敦的建築師已經建立了一個暗網網站，提供給擔心再生空間計劃的人們。
Yes, the dark net is going mainstream, and I predict that fairly soon, every social media company, every major news outlet, and therefore most of you in this audience, will be using the dark net, too.
是的，暗網正在成為主流。我預言，每一個社交網站公司，甚至大型新聞公司，以及你們在座的大部分的人，都很快會開始使用暗網。
So the Internet is about to get more interesting, more exciting, more innovative,more terrible, more destructive. That's good news if you care about liberty. It's good news if you care about freedom. It's good news if you care about democracy. It's also good news if you want to browse for illegal pornography and if you want to buy and sell drugs with impunity. Neither entirely dark, nor entirely light. It's not one side or the other that's going to win out, but both.
所以網際網路正在變得更加有趣、更激動人心、更創新、更可怕、更具毀滅性。如果你在乎自由，這是好消息。如果你在乎民主，這是好消息。如果你想看非法成人影像，這也是好消息。若你想買賣毒品並且逃脫制裁，這是好消息。並非全是黑暗，但也並非光彩。黑暗和光明並不會完全對立，而將會並存於此。
impunity 無罪
Thankyou very much, indeed.
謝謝。真的。(Applause)（掌聲）
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