5.combat /ˈkɒmbæt, kəmˈbæt $ kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑːmbæt/ (combated, combating or combatted, combatting) [T]
(to try to stop something bad from happening or getting worse – used especially in news reports) 防止，抑制〔尤用於新聞報導〕——【複習】
🔻combat inflation通貨膨脹 / crime犯罪 /racism種族歧視 etc
eg: To combat inflation, the government raised interest rates. 為了抑制通貨膨脹，政府提高了利率。
🔷我們在2020.9.25的聽力中學習過這個單詞, 原句是: Tough new restrictions are coming into force in parts of the Spanish capital Madrid to combat a sharp rise in coronavirus infections and deaths. 西班牙首都馬德裡部分地區開始實施新一輪嚴格的限制措施，以應對冠狀病毒感染和死亡人數的急劇上升。
我們順便複習一下可以表示類似意思的單詞:
①contain
(to stop something from spreading orescaping) 抑制; 控制; 阻止某事——【熟詞生義, 複習】
eg: Doctors are struggling to contain the epidemic.醫生正在努力控制這種流行病。
🔷這個單詞我們在武漢戰疫紀雙語紀錄片中學習過:
🔷此外，我們在外刊精讀8 | Tick tock一篇講石油價格變化的文章中也遇到過這個單詞：As governments try to contain the spread of covid-19, demand for oil has fallen faster and farther than at any point in history. 隨著各國政府試圖遏制新冠病毒的擴散，人們對石油的需求下降得比歷史上任何時候都要快、更遠。
🔷contain在The Hot Zone也出現了:
②curb
(to control or limit something in order to prevent it from having a harmful effect) 控制，抑制，約束——【複習】
eg: measures to curb the spread of the virus控制病毒擴散的措施
🔷這個單詞在2020.2.27的聽力中出現了，原句為：Chinese authorities have required county-level regions to curb the novel coronavirus outbreak based on each region’s epidemic situation. 中國當局要求縣級地區根據各地區疫情情況控制新型冠狀病毒的爆發。
🔷此外，我們在外刊精讀3 | The blame game一篇講中美關係惡化的文章中也遇到過這個單詞，原句是：One reason why he might wish to emphasise where the virus originated is that curbing travel from China was one of the few actions he took swiftly to fight it.他希望強調病毒起源地可能的一個原因是，限制來自中國的旅行是他迅速採取的與病毒作鬥爭的少數行動之一。
6.alert
(a warning to be ready for possible danger) 警報——【複習】
a bomb / fire / terrorist etc alert
eg: a full-scale flood alert最高級別的防洪警報
🔷這個單詞我們在2020.2.27的聽力中學習過, 原句是: South Korea has raised its virus alert to the highest level as the total number of infections has risen to over 900. 由於感染總數上升到900多例，韓國將新型冠狀病毒警報提升至最高級別。
7.kick in [informal]
(to begin to take effect ) 開始生效（或見效）——【複習】
Eg: Reforms will kick in later this year. 改革將於今年下半年開始見效。
🔷這個表達出現在2020.4.17的聽力中, 原句是: His announcement on television prompted a rush to the shops before the lockdown kicked in. 他在電視上的聲明導致人們在封鎖開始前湧向商店搶購。
我們順便複習一下以前學過的和"生效"有關的表達,:
①take effect / come into effect
(if a law, rule, or system takes effect or comes into effect, it officially starts) 生效/開始實施——【複習】
🔷come into effect出現在2020.3.22的聽力中, 原句是: The ceasefire is to come into effect at midnight Syrian time. 此次停火將在敘利亞午夜時分開始生效。
🔷take effect出現在2020.9.18的聽力中, 原句是: It will take effect on Friday.封鎖將於周五生效。
②go into effect 生效——【複習】
eg: The ministry said the measures, to go into effect on Jan. 1, were aimed at rooting out "excessive entertainment and vulgar tendencies. " 該部門表示，自1月1日起實行的措施，旨在杜絕「過度娛樂和低俗傾向」。
🔷這個表達出現在2020.3.29的聽力中, 原句是: To keep new cases from entering our shores, we will be suspending all travel from Europe to the United States for the next 30 days. The new rules will go into effect Friday at midnight.為了防止新病例進入我國，我們將在今後三十天內暫停所有從歐洲到美國的旅行。新規定將於周五午夜生效。
③come into force/bring sth into force
(if a new law, rule, change etc comes or is brought into force, it starts to exist) 開始生效/使某法規開始實施——【複習】
eg: Parking restrictions in the town centre came into force last month. 市中心限制停車的法規於上月開始實施。
🔷這個表達我們在2020.9.25的聽力中學習過, 原句是: Tough new restrictions are coming into force in parts of the Spanish capital Madrid to combat a sharp rise in coronavirus infections and deaths. 西班牙首都馬德裡部分地區開始實施新一輪嚴格的限制措施，以應對冠狀病毒感染和死亡人數的急劇上升。
8.respite /ˈrespɪt, -paɪt $ -pɪt/ [singular, U]
(a short time when something bad stops happening, so that the situation is temporarily better) 〔不好事情的〕暫息，暫緩
🔻respite from
eg: The trip was a welcome respite from the pressures of work. 這次旅行暫時緩解了工作壓力，真讓人高興。
🔻without respite
eg: The pain went on without respite. 疼痛一刻也沒有緩解。
9.hospitality /ˌhɒspəˈtæləti $ ˌhɑː-/ [U]
(food, drink or services that are provided by an organization for guests, customers, etc. )（款待客人、顧客等的）食物，飲料，服務；款待——【複習】
🔻the hospitality industry (= hotels, restaurants, etc.) 招待性行業（如旅館、飯店等）
🔷我們在2020.5.2的聽力中學習過這個單詞, 原句是: The French president has promised to support the pandemic hit hospitality and tourism industries. 法國總統承諾支持受到冠狀肺炎打擊的酒店業和旅遊業。
10.bistro /ˈbiːstrəʊ $ -troʊ/ (plural bistros) [C]
(a small restaurant or bar) 小餐館；小酒吧——【複習】
eg: a French bistro 一間法式小餐館
🔷我們在Englishpod24 | Where should we eat?學習過這個單詞，原句是：In that case, I know a great little bistro.在這種情況下，我知道一家很棒的小餐館。
11. observe /əbˈzɜːv $ -ɜːrv/ [T]
(to do what you are supposed to do according to a law or agreement) 遵守，奉行〔法律或協議〕 SYN obey, adhere to——【熟詞生義】
eg: So far the ceasefire has been observed by both sides. 到目前為止，雙方都遵守著停火協定。
我們來複習兩個類似意思的表達：
①abide by sth
(to accept and obey a decision, rule, agreement etc, even though you may not agree with it) 遵從〔決定〕; 遵守〔法規〕; 信守〔協議等〕
eg: You have to abide by the referee's decision.你必須服從裁判的決定。
🔷我們在2020.2.18的聽力中學過這個表達，原句是: The United Nations and the European Union have warned Greece to abide by international law. 聯合國和歐盟警告希臘要遵守國際法。
②adhere to sth (formal)
(to behave according to a particular law, rule, set of instructions,etc; to follow a particular set of beliefs or a fixed way of doing sth) 堅持，遵守，遵循（法律、規章、指示、信念等）
eg:For ten months he adhered to a strict no-fat low-salt diet. 十個月來他嚴格堅持無脂肪少鹽飲食。
🔷我們在2020.4.14的聽力中學過這個表達，原句是：The lockdown is not mandatory, but people have largely adhered to the government's call.雖然封鎖措施不是強制性的，但人們基本上還是遵從了政府的呼籲。