20年5月5日文獻情報
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本次文獻簡報涉及OM影響沉積物痕量元素向孔隙水遷移[1]，針葉林林下植物對凋落物DOC淋溶作用[2]，生物炭改性零價納米鐵強化吸附重金屬[3]，生物炭吸附抗生素潛力用於修復汙染土壤[4]，凋落物有機質對土壤微生物群落影響[5]，馬兜鈴酸的辛醇水分配係數及其對人群腎病影響[6]，沉積物有機質對不同分子量PFOS分配影響[7]，磁性生物炭去除水中U(VI)[8]，消化殘渣準備生物炭[9]，沉積有機質對早期環境變化的指示[10]，氧化劑類型對土壤腐殖酸中老化多環芳烴去除效果研究[11]，達西通量對煤礦儲層煤矸石中DOM釋放影響[12]。
1. 題目: Distribution and diagenesis of trace metals in marine sediments of a coastal Mediterranean area: St Georges Bay (Lebanon)文章編號: N20050512
期刊: Marine Pollution Bulletin
作者: Amonda El Houssainy, Carine Abi-Ghanem, Duc Huy Dang, Céline Mahfouz, Dario Omanović, Gaby Khalaf, Stéphane Mounier, Cédric Garnier
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: St Georges Bay of Lebanon's coast is an open bay to the Mediterranean Sea. It is exposed to numerous anthropogenic activities such as industrial effluent, untreated wastewater discharge and maritime activities resulting in increasing chemical contamination, especially with trace metals. Contamination with trace metals (Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, As, Ag and Hg) and the influence of early diagenesis on their distribution were studied on both sediments and waters. For this purpose, sediment cores were collected, then treated under inert atmosphere to retrieve pore waters and solid fraction. The area appears to be seriously impacted by the materials transported by the Beirut River and/or by direct inputs, and recent land reclamation using dumpsite material. The sediments showed a significant level of contamination. Element mobility was studied by selective extraction on sediments. The mobility of trace elements from solid fraction to pore waters is controlled by the Fe/Mn cycle and organic matter.
文章二維碼:2. 題目: The role of the understory in litter DOC and nutrient leaching in boreal forests文章編號: N20050511
期刊: Biogeochemistry
作者: Geert Hensgens, Hjalmar Laudon, Matthias Peichl, Itziar Aguinaga Gil, Quan Zhou, Martin Berggren
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from plant litter plays an important role in the ecosystem carbon balance and soil biogeochemistry. However, in boreal coniferous forests no integrated understanding exists of how understory vegetation contributes to litter leaching of DOC, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) with different bioavailability at the forest stand level. We characterized water extractable leachates from fresh and decayed litter of dominant canopy and understory sources in a boreal coniferous forest, in order to explore the contribution of understory vegetation as a source of both total and bioavailable forms of DOC, N and P. Recently produced litter from deciduous species (including Vaccinium myrtillus) yielded the highest amounts of DOC. However, this leaching potential decreased exponentially with mass loss through litter decay. The DOC lability generally showed little interspecific variation, although wood derived DOC was more recalcitrant. Lability decreased progressively with litter aging. Water extractable nutrients increased proportionally with DOC, and roughly a quarter (N) or half (P) had directly bioavailable inorganic forms. Scaled to annual litterfall at the forest stand, understory vegetation contributed ~ 80% of the water extractable DOC and nutrients from fresh litter, with > 60% coming from Vaccinium myrtillus alone. However, as litter decomposes, the data suggest a lower leaching potential is maintained with a larger contribution from needle, wood and moss litter. Our study shows that understory vegetation, especially V. myrtillus, is a key driver of litter DOC and nutrient leaching in boreal coniferous forests.
文章二維碼:3. 題目: Enhanced Heavy Metal Removal from Synthetic Stormwater Using Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron–Modified Biochar文章編號: N20050510
期刊: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
作者: Md Sazadul Hasan, Mengistu Geza, Raul Vasquez, Govinda Chilkoor, Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: The use of biochar for removal of heavy metals from stormwater is limited due to large area requirements and inadequate removal of nutrients and heavy metals at higher initial concentrations. In this study, biochar-supported nanoscale zerovalent iron (BC-nZVI) was effectively utilized for removing heavy metals from synthetic stormwater. We performed batch adsorption and laboratory-scale column experiments to demonstrate the exceptional ability of BC-nZVI to remove heavy metals (Cu, Cd, and Zn) at varying higher initial concentration range (2.5 to 60 mg L−1) compared with typical urban stormwater runoff. The batch experiment results suggested that the metal removal efficiency of BC-nZVI compared with biochar was enhanced by 43% and 57% in individual metal solution and 50% and 42% in the mixed metal solution for Cd and Zn, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of BC-nZVI for individual metal ions increased by 97% and 40% for Cd2+ and Zn2+, respectively, compared with original biochar. A series of characterization studies based on scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller revealed the chemical and morphological features of BC-nZVI, which are responsible for the enhanced metal removal. A laboratory-scale column study mimicking the field scale revealed the metal removal efficiencies of BC-nZVI increased by 115% and 123% for Cd2+ and Zn2+, respectively, compared with unmodified biochar. The higher removal efficiencies and adsorption capacities demonstrate the potential use of BC-nZVI as a media for attenuating heavy metals in current stormwater management practices.
文章二維碼:4. 題目: Biochar Adsorption of Antibiotics and its Implications to Remediation of Contaminated Soil文章編號: N20050509
期刊: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
作者: Min PAN
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: Antibiotic contamination in water and soil has been widely investigated. However, there is still no effective removal method for antibiotics from water or soil environments. Therefore, the single and competitive sorption dynamics of ionizable tetracycline (TC), sulfamethazine (SMZ), norfloxacin (NOR), erythromycin (ERY), and chloramphenicol (CAP) adsorbed by NaOH-activated and hematite-modified biochars were investigated. NaOH-activated biochar (NAB) showed much better antibiotic sorption than the hematite-modified biochar (HMB). The affinity coefficient of NAB for TC, NOR, and ERY were at least 100 times higher than that of the HMB. The sorption rate of the five target antibiotics was faster in the single-solute systems than in the ternary-solute systems. Sorption capacity was inhibited in the competitive system for all five antibiotics adsorbed by either the NaOH-activated or hematite-modified biochars. Antibiotic sorption by the biochars was governed by electrostatic interactions, π-π electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions, and hydrogen bonding. All five antibiotics showed similar adsorption trends in pH treatments of both biochars. However, the sorption capacity slightly increased from pH 7 to pH 9 in HMB compared with those in NAB, as the metal ions from the hematite modification provided cation bridging combinations to negatively charged antibiotics at a high pH value. These observations are useful for producing NaOH-activated biochar as an engineered sorbent to reduce the bioavailability of antibiotics in water and soil. The results are important for the application of biochars to use as soil amendments in the remediation of antibiotic co-pollution in agricultural water or soils.
文章二維碼:5. 題目: Increased litter input significantly changed the total and active microbial communities in degraded grassland soils文章編號: N20050508
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Rongxiao Che, Dong Liu, Jinling Qin, Fang Wang, Weijin Wang, Zhihong Xu, Linfeng Li, Jinming Hu, Iman Tahmasbian, Xiaoyong Cui
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: Purpose Increasing organic matter input and phosphorus fertilization are employed extensively to restore degraded grasslands. Nevertheless, little is known about their effects on microbes, especially on active microbial populations. Therefore, this study is aimed at examining the short-term influences of litter and phosphorus addition on microbes in degraded grassland soils. Materials and methods A microcosm experiment was established using soils sampled from a heavily degraded Tibetan alpine meadow. The experiment used a two-way factorial design with grass litter and phosphorus addition as the main factors. Microbial abundance and rDNA transcriptional activity were assessed through quantitative PCR. Total and active microbial community profiles were measured using DNA- and RNA-based MiSeq sequencing, respectively. Results and discussion As shown in this study, litter addition significantly increased microbial rDNA transcriptional activity and fungal abundance, but it decreased microbial α-diversity. However, prokaryote abundance was unaffected by the litter addition. Total and active soil microbial community profiles and interaction patterns were also significantly altered by litter addition. The relative abundance of copiotrophic and oligotrophic microbial lineages significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the soils with litter addition. Functional predictions suggested that litter addition might significantly increase the abundance of pathogens, as well as microbes related to nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and chitinolysis, while decreasing nitrifier abundance. In contrast, no significant effects of the phosphorus addition on soil microbes were observed. Conclusions These findings highlight the significant effects of increasing litter input on total and active soil microbial communities and suggest that microbial responses should be considered when restoring degraded grasslands by increasing organic matter input.
文章二維碼:6. 題目: Octanol–Water Partition Coefficients of Aristolochic Acids and Implications to the Etiology of Balkan Endemic Nephropathy文章編號: N20050507
期刊: Aquatic Geochemistry
作者: Thomas C. Voice
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: The octanol–water partition coefficients (Kow) of the aristolochic acids, AA I and AA II, were determined using the traditional shake-flask method as a function of pH and ionic strength. These compounds have been implicated in the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy, but evidence of a plausible exposure pathway remains elusive, and research is constrained by the absence of critical physical–chemical parameters on these compounds. Apparent Kow values were determined across a range of pH and ionic strength conditions. The results show that the apparent Kow decreased by approximately four orders of magnitude as pH increased from 2 to 9. The pH dependence was well described by a simple model that calculated the apparent Kow based on the ionization fractions and intrinsic Kow values for the neutral and ionized species. Higher ionic strength solutions resulted in higher Kow values at high pH, but had no effect at low pH. These results suggest that transport of aristolochic acids will be highly dependent on pH and ionic strength, with significant aqueous-phase transport at neutral to slightly alkaline conditions, with the highest mobility occurring under low ionic strength conditions, and the possibility of significant partitioning to nonpolar phases, such as soil organic matter or plant material, at low pH. Much of the region where BEN is prevalent is a karst environment, and pH values are generally above 8, thus leaching and groundwater transport are favored, which can suggest possible exposure routes.
文章二維碼:7. 題目: Multicompartment occurrence and partitioning of alternative and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an impacted river in China文章編號: N20050506
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Lijuan Gao, Jingling Liu, Kun Bao, Nannan Chen, Bo Meng
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging global environmental contaminants. Exploring the occurrence and environmental behavior of PFASs in the aquatic environment is a key step in solving global fluorine chemical pollution problems. In this study, surface water, pore water, and sediment were collected from the main tributary and the middle and lower reaches of the Daling River, adjacent to the Fuxin fluorochemical manufacturing facilities in Liaoning Province in China, to elucidate the occurrence and partition behavior of PFASs. The total concentrations of PFASs ranged from 48.4 to 4578 ng/L in the overlying water, from 173 to 9952 ng/L in the pore water, and from 2.16 to 40.3 ng/g dw in the sediment fraction. Generally, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) were the predominant congeners in the samples, with the mean relative content fractions being almost consistently >40% in the dissolved phase and >25% in the sediment. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA) were detected, albeit at low levels. In addition, the detection frequency and the contribution of legacy long-chain PFASs in sediment were higher than those in the overlying water and pore water. Except for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), the concentrations of the alternative PFASs in the pore water were higher than in the overlying water. The organic carbon fraction was a more important controlling factor for PFAS sediment levels than cations content. As with legacy long-chain PFASs, HFPO-DA and 6:2 Cl-PFESA tended to partition into the solid phase, whereas short-chain PFASs were readily distributed in the aqueous phase. Such research results will be helpful in modeling the transport and fate of PFASs released by point sources into coastal waters through rivers and in developing effective risk assessment and management strategies for the control of PFAS pollution.
文章二維碼:8. 題目: Efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions using the magnetic biochar derived from the biomass of a bloom-forming cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa)文章編號: N20050505
期刊: Chemosphere
作者: Binliang Wang, Yingying Li, Junli Zheng, Yiwei Hu, Xiaojun Wang, Baowei Hu
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: The utilization of Microcystis biomass is an urgent issue in the mitigation of cyanobacterial bloom. In this study, Microcystis-derived biochar (MB) and Fe3O4-modified biochar (Fe3O4/MB) were fabricated for the U(VI) elimination. The results showed that U(VI) sorption process by either MB or Fe3O4/MB was pH-dependent and ionic strength-independent. The maximum sorption capacity of MB was higher than that of Fe3O4/MB. According to the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, U(VI) sorption on both MB and Fe3O4/MB was mainly ascribed to the surface complexation between U(VI) and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of MB. Fe3O4 particles on the surface of MB didn't provide extra active sites for the sorption of U(VI), but it enabled the adsorbent to be magnetically separated. Five consecutive sorption/desorption cycles verified the good reusability of Fe3O4/MB in this study. Therefore, the investigation is not only meaningful for the utilization of nuisance biomass from cyanobacterial blooms, but also provides novel adsorbents for the U(VI) removal from aqueous solutions.
文章二維碼:9. 題目: Treatment of digestate residues for energy recovery and biochar production: From lab to pilot-scale verification文章編號: N20050504
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Chunxing Li, Jie Li, Lanjia Pan, Xinyu Zhu, Shengyu Xie, Guangwei Yu, Yin Wang, Xiaofang Pan, Gefu Zhu, Irini Angelidaki
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: Hydrothermal pretreatment was used for dewatering food waste digestate residue, and biochar/biogas were generated from the separated solid and liquid phases via pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion, respectively. Increasing hydrothermal pretreatment temperature (110–200 °C) clearly improved dewaterability, whereas enhancing treatment duration (30–90 min) had little impact. The optimal condition of 160 °C/30 min gave the best dewatering performance with relative lower energy consumption and was chosen for pilot-scale verification achieving 61.7 wt% dry weight content after mechanical squeezing. Moreover, the filtrate and filter cake obtained at optimal condition were applied for biogas and biochar production in lab scale. The methane yield of the filtrate was 335 mL/g COD. Pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C gave better biochar performance and was verified in a pilot scale test. Additionally, the heavy metals in digestate were effectively immobilized during hydrothermal dewatering and pyrolysis processes. In the end, mass/energy balance calculated using pilot-scale data presented the combined systems provided a promising strategy for accomplishing energy recovery and resource reuse of digestate residue.
文章二維碼:10. 題目: Sedimentary organic matter and early Toarcian environmental changes in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)文章編號: N20050503
期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
作者: Bruno Rodrigues, Luís V. Duarte, Ricardo L. Silva, João Graciano Mendonça Filho
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between early Toarcian climatic events and the composition of kerogen assemblages in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal). In particular, we aim to understand how the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Event (Pl–Toa Event) and Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (TOAE) affected the continental areas of the western Iberian margin and how possible variations in continental sources of organic matter (OM) were expressed in marginal-marine and hemipelagic depositional environments during the early Toarcian.We present here a characterisation [total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur (TS), δ13C in kerogen concentrate (δ13CKerogen), and palynofacies] of kerogen assemblages from several uppermost Pliensbachian (emaciatum ammonite Zone)–lower Toarcian sections in the Lusitanian Basin (western Iberian margin), including the Peniche section, which contains the Toarcian GSSP. In all sections, TOC concentration is low (average 0.4 wt%), with the highest values reaching up to 2.1 wt% in a discrete level located approximately 10.5 m above the base of the levisoni Zone at Peniche. The TOAE negative carbon isotope excursion is observed in kerogen concentrate at the base of the levisoni Zone throughout the basin. Palynofacies analysis demonstrates that the kerogen assemblages are mostly of terrestrial affinity, with the dominance of the Phytoclast Group and terrestrial palynomorphs, and with punctual increases in amorphous organic matter, freshwater (e.g. Botryococcus sp.) and marine microplankton (dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs, and prasinophyte algae) in specific stratigraphic intervals. A change in palynofacies assemblages associated with the TOAE is observed around the base of levisoni Zone. Although with slight differences between sections, the TOAE interval records an increase in non-opaque, translucent, phytoclasts (NOP) and cuticle fragments, and is also associated with an increased contribution of terrestrial palynomorphs (increase in sporomorphs and Classopollis in tetrads and agglomerates) and decrease in marine palynomorphs. The increases in NOP and terrestrial palynomorphs support the postulated enhancement of the hydrological cycle and increased export of terrestrial OM into marine environments during the early Toarcian, especially during the TOAE, in the western Iberian margin. Understanding the impact of the early Toarcian climatic events on land-based ecosystems may provide important insights into current climate change.
文章二維碼:11. 題目: Insights into the removal efficiencies of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in humic acids of different soil aggregate fractions by various oxidants文章編號: N20050502
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Wenbing Tan, Niankai Liu, Qiuling Dang, Dongyu Cui, Beidou Xi, Hong Yu
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: Chemically oxidative removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil is related to their occurrence state. Whether the heterogeneity of natural organic matter has an effect on the occurrence of PAHs in soil and, if there is an effect, on the oxidative removal efficiency of PAHs remains unknown. In this study, the removal efficiencies of 16 priority PAHs aged in humic acids (HAs) of different soil aggregate fractions by various oxidants were investigated by combining soil fractionation and microreaction experiments. Results showed that the accumulations of PAHs in particulate HA (P-HA) and microaggregate occluded HA (MO-HA) mainly occurred in the early period of the aging time frame. In contrast, PAH accumulation in non-aggregated silt and clay associated HA (NASCA-HA) was relatively slow and tended to saturate in the late period of the aging time frame. The cumulative contents of PAHs throughout the entire aging period in MO-HA and NASCA-HA were significantly greater than that in P-HA. The aged PAHs in P-HA and NASCA-HA exhibited the highest and lowest removal efficiencies, respectively. This ranking was mainly governed by the molecular size and polarity of HAs. Sodium persulfate and potassium permanganate had the highest removal efficiencies in total PAHs in HAs, with average efficiencies of 85.8% and 79.1%, respectively, in P-HA. Hydrogen peroxide had the lowest degradation efficiency in PAHs. In particular, the degradation efficiency of total PAHs in NASCA-HA was lowered to 31.0%. PAH congeners in HAs showed a large difference in oxidative removal efficiency. Low-ring PAH was more easily degraded than medium- and high-ring PAHs, and in most treatments, fluoranthene and pyrene in the medium ring and benzo[a]pyrene in the high ring demonstrated higher efficiencies than other PAHs with the same number of rings. Our findings are useful in promoting the accurate and green remediation of PAH-contaminated soils.
文章二維碼:12. 題目: Effect of Darcy flux on the release of dissolved organic matter and nitrogen from coal gangue in a coal mine underground reservoir: Column experiments文章編號: N20050501
期刊: Chemical Geology
作者: Qing Zhang, Shaohe Luo, Li Zhao, Panqun Zhang, Shidong Wang, Chao Sun, Lei Zhang
更新時間: 2020-05-05
摘要: Underground reservoirs packed with coal gangue have been widely used to store and purify mine water in the coal mine areas of China; however, minimal information is available about the effects of pollutants released from the packed matrix on the quality of stored water. Column experiments were performed at 25 °C and Darcy fluxes of 0.39, 0.73, and 1.56 cm/h to investigate the effect of Darcy flux on the dynamic changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrogen released from the packed coal gangue. Results showed that the values of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254, organic nitrogen (ORG-N), nitrate, and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the effluent decreased rapidly within 3.7 pore volumes (PV) at the three Darcy fluxes and then decreased slowly and tended to become stable during the column experiments. However, the effluent concentrations of NH4+–N, which is the major nitrogen released from the packed matrix, and total nitrogen (TN) decreased and increased alternately, which can be relative to the lithology, mineral, and chemical composition of the studied matrix. The quantities of DOC, NH4+–N, ORG-N, and TN released from the studied matrix decreased with Darcy flux, suggesting a positive effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the resolution of pollutants from the studied matrix. Moreover, the microbial environment got weakened with an increase in Darcy flux, as confirmed by the variation trends of the biological/autochthonous index (BIX) and the fluorescence index (FI). Thus, the evident accumulation of NO2− –N and the highest content of NO3−−N were observed due to incomplete nitrate reduction with a low efficiency at 1.56 cm/h. The findings will be helpful in estimating the variation of water quality during the storage of mine water in a coal mine underground reservoir in China.
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