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2020年12月四級閱讀仔細閱讀第二篇（第一套）解析
大學事業部成都中心 塗榮倩
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more and that the trees in them and bigger. What is going on?
Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.
The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A) Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B) It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
C) Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
51. What is catching environmentalists』 attention nowadays?
A) Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
C) Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
D) Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?
A) Those that have newly achieved independence.
B) Those that at have the greatest demand for timber
C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
D) Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?
A) The government’s advocacy.
B) The use of wood for fuel.
C) The favorable climate.
D) The green movement.
54. What account for our increasing desire for forests?
A) Their unique scenic beauty.
B) Their use as fruit plantation.
C) Their capability of improving air quality.
D) Their stable supply of building materials.
55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A) Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B) It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
C) Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
答案解析：
正確答案B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
根據題幹關鍵詞environmentalists』 attention和nowadays定位到原文第一段，該段提及發展中國家和發達國家的情況，選項B中提到的many developing countries來自原文中South America and sub-Saharan Africa的說法；fast shrinking是對原文提到的deforestation on an enormous scale的同義替換。
52. 正確答案C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
根據題幹關鍵詞fastest forest growth定位到原文第二段。該段第1句提到fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress，「增長最快的地方是歷史上樹木很少的地方」, 選項C中的used to have lowest forest coverage「過去森林覆蓋率最低」與原文這一信息一致。
53. 正確答案A) The government’s advocacy.
根據題幹關鍵詞encouraged forest growth historically，定位到第三段。該段提及兩個原因：原因一是退耕還林；原因二是政府政策和補貼；選項the government’s advocacy和第二個原因保持一致，故選擇A正確。
54. 正確答案C) Their capability of improving air quality.
根據題幹關鍵詞increasing desire for forests定位到原文第三段。該段倒數第2句提及原因because they suck in carbon pollution from the air「因為它們吸收了空氣中的碳汙染」。，正確選項C中提到「它們改善空氣品質的能力」，與原文信息屬於同義替換。
55. 正確答案:D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
根據題幹關鍵詞prospects of forestation定位到原文第四段的最後一句話，，該句提及：西方國家（發達國家）的森林生長速度和其他地方（發展中國家）的森林砍伐一樣不可阻擋。。選項D中提到的Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.「發達國家和發展中國家正在朝相反的方向發展。」該項與原文表達含義相同，故為正確選項。
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