推進「一帶一路」建設工作領導小組辦公室22日發表《共建「一帶一路」倡議：進展、貢獻與展望》報告。全文如下：
共建「一帶一路」倡議：進展、貢獻與展望
The Belt and Road Initiative Progress, Contributions and Prospects
推進「一帶一路」建設工作領導小組辦公室
Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the Belt and Road Initiative
2019年
前言
Preface
2013年9月和10月，中國國家主席習近平在出訪哈薩克斯坦和印度尼西亞時先後提出共建「絲綢之路經濟帶」和「21世紀海上絲綢之路」的重大倡議。中國政府成立了推進「一帶一路」建設工作領導小組，並在中國國家發展改革委設立領導小組辦公室。2015年3月，中國發布《推動共建絲綢之路經濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路的願景與行動》；2017年5月，首屆「一帶一路」國際合作高峰論壇在北京成功召開。中國還先後舉辦了博鰲亞洲論壇年會、上海合作組織青島峰會、中非合作論壇北京峰會、中國國際進口博覽會等。5年多來，共建「一帶一路」倡議得到了越來越多國家和國際組織的積極響應，受到國際社會廣泛關注，影響力日益擴大。
When visiting Kazakhstan and Indonesia in September and October of 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping raised the initiative of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (hereinafter referred to as the Belt and Road, or B&R). The Chinese government then set up the Leading Group for Promoting the Belt and Road Initiative with an administrative office under the National Development and Reform Commission. In March 2015, the Chinese government published the 「Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Eco- nomic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road」. In May 2017, the first Belt and Road Forum for International Co- operation was convened in Beijing. China also hosted the Boao Forum for Asia annual conferences, the Shanghai Co- operation Organization (SCO) Qingdao Summit, the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and the China International Import Expo. Over the past five years, the Belt and Road Initiative has won positive responses from numerous countries and interna- tional organizations and has attracted worldwide attention. Its influence is growing.
共建「一帶一路」倡議源自中國，更屬於世界；根植於歷史，更面向未來；重點面向亞歐非大陸，更向所有夥伴開放。共建「一帶一路」跨越不同國家地域、不同發展階段、不同歷史傳統、不同文化宗教、不同風俗習慣，是和平發展、經濟合作倡議，不是搞地緣政治聯盟或軍事同盟；是開放包容、共同發展進程，不是要關起門來搞小圈子或者「中國俱樂部」；不以意識形態劃界，不搞零和遊戲，只要各國有意願，都歡迎參與。共建「一帶一路」倡議以共商共建共享為原則，以和平合作、開放包容、互學互鑑、互利共贏的絲綢之路精神為指引，以政策溝通、設施聯通、貿易暢通、資金融通、民心相通為重點，已經從理念轉化為行動，從願景轉化為現實，從倡議轉化為全球廣受歡迎的公共產品。
The Belt and Road Initiative originated in China, but it belongs to the world. It is rooted in history, but oriented toward the future. It focuses on Asia, Europe and Africa, but is open to all partners. It spans different countries and regions, different stages of development, different histori- cal traditions, different cultures and religions, and different customs and lifestyles. It is an initiative for peaceful devel- opment and economic cooperation, rather than a geopoliti- cal or military alliance. It is a process of open, inclusive and common development, not an exclusionary bloc or a 「China club」. It neither differentiates between countries by ideology nor plays the zero-sum game. Countries are wel- come to join in the initiative if they so will. The Belt and Road Initiative upholds the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. It follows a Silk Road spirit featuring peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit. It focuses on policy coordination, con- nectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and closer people-to-people ties. It has turned ideas into actions and vision into reality, and the initiative itself into a public product widely welcomed by the international community.
2018年8月，習近平主席在北京主持召開推進「一帶一路」建設工作5周年座談會，提出「一帶一路」建設要從謀篇布局的「大寫意」轉入精耕細作的「工筆畫」，向高質量發展轉變，造福沿線國家人民，推動構建人類命運共同體。
When presiding over a symposium in August 2018 that marked the fifth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, President Xi said that in advancing the initiative, we should transition from making high-level plans to intensive and meticulous implementation, so as to realize high-quality development, bring benefits to local people, and build a global community of shared future.
一、進展
I. Progress
2013年以來，共建「一帶一路」倡議以政策溝通、設施聯通、貿易暢通、資金融通和民心相通為主要內容紮實推進，取得明顯成效，一批具有標誌性的早期成果開始顯現，參與各國得到了實實在在的好處，對共建「一帶一路」的認同感和參與度不斷增強。
Since 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative, with policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration and closer people-to-people ties as its main goals, has advanced in solid steps. Significant progress has been made, including a number of landmark early results. Participating countries have obtained tangible benefits, and their appreciation of and participation in the initiative is growing.
（一）政策溝通
1. Policy coordination
政策溝通是共建「一帶一路」的重要保障，是形成攜手共建行動的重要先導。5年多來，中國與有關國家和國際組織充分溝通協調，形成了共建「一帶一路」的廣泛國際合作共識。
Policy coordination is an important guarantee for this initiative, and an essential precondition for joint actions. Over the past five years or so, China has engaged in thor- ough communication and coordination with participating countries and international organizations, and reached a broad consensus on international cooperation for building the Belt and Road.
1．共建「一帶一路」倡議載入國際組織重要文件。共建「一帶一路」倡議及其核心理念已寫入聯合國、二十國集團、亞太經合組織以及其他區域組織等有關文件中。2015年7月，上海合作組織發表了《上海合作組織成員國元首烏法宣言》，支持關於建設「絲綢之路經濟帶」的倡議。2016年9月，《二十國集團領導人杭州峰會公報》通過關於建立「全球基礎設施互聯互通聯盟」倡議。2016年11月，聯合國193個會員國協商一致通過決議，歡迎共建「一帶一路」等經濟合作倡議，呼籲國際社會為「一帶一路」建設提供安全保障環境。2017年3月，聯合國安理會一致通過了第2344號決議，呼籲國際社會通過「一帶一路」建設加強區域經濟合作，並首次載入「人類命運共同體」理念。2018年，中拉論壇第二屆部長級會議、中國－阿拉伯國家合作論壇第八屆部長級會議、中非合作論壇峰會先後召開，分別形成了中拉《關於「一帶一路」倡議的特別聲明》、《中國和阿拉伯國家合作共建「一帶一路」行動宣言》和《關於構建更加緊密的中非命運共同體的北京宣言》等重要成果文件。
1) The Belt and Road Initiative has been incorpo- rated into important documents of international orga- nizations. The initiative and its core concepts have been written into documents from the United Nations, G20, APEC and other international and regional organizations. In July 2015, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization issued the 「Ufa Declaration of the Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization」, showing support for the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative. In September 2016, the 「G20 Leaders』 Communiqué」 adopted at the G20 Hangzhou Summit endorsed an initiative to establish the Global In- frastructure Connectivity Alliance. In November 2016, the 193 UN member states adopted by consensus a resolution, welcoming the Belt and Road Initiative and other economic cooperation initiatives and urging the international commu- nity to ensure a secure environment for these initiatives. In March 2017, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2344, calling on the international community to strengthen regional economic cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative and other development initiatives, while for the first time enshrining the concept of 「a com- munity of shared future for mankind」. In January 2018, the Second Ministerial Meeting of the Forum of China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) was held in Santiago and adopted the 「Special Declaration on the Belt and Road Initiative」. In July the same year, the Eighth Ministerial Meeting of the China- Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF) was convened in Beijing, which adopted the 「Declaration of Action on China- Arab States Belt and Road Cooperation」. In September the FOCAC Beijing Summit adopted the 「Beijing Declaration – Toward an Even Stronger China-Africa Community with a Shared Future」 and the 「Forum on China-Africa Coopera- tion Beijing Action Plan (2019-2021)」.
2．籤署共建「一帶一路」政府間合作文件的國家和國際組織數量逐年增加。在共建「一帶一路」框架下，各參與國和國際組織本著求同存異原則，就經濟發展規劃和政策進行充分交流，協商制定經濟合作規劃和措施。截至2019年3月底，中國政府已與125個國家和29個國際組織籤署173份合作文件。共建「一帶一路」國家已由亞歐延伸至非洲、拉美、南太等區域。
2) More and more countries and international or- ganizations have signed intergovernmental cooperation agreements on the Belt and Road Initiative. In the B&R framework, all participating countries and international organizations, based on the principle of seeking com- mon ground while reserving differences, have exchanged views on economic development plans and policies and discussed and agreed economic cooperation plans and measures. By the end of March 2019, the Chinese govern- ment had signed 173 cooperation agreements with 125 countries and 29 international organizations. The Belt and Road has expanded from Asia and Europe to include more new participants in Africa, Latin America and the South Pacific.
3．共建「一帶一路」專業領域對接合作有序推進。數字絲綢之路建設已成為共建「一帶一路」的重要組成部分，中國與埃及、寮國、沙烏地阿拉伯、塞爾維亞、泰國、土耳其、阿聯等國家共同發起《「一帶一路」數字經濟國際合作倡議》，與16個國家籤署加強數字絲綢之路建設合作文件。中國發布《標準聯通共建「一帶一路」行動計劃（2018－2020年）》，與49個國家和地區籤署85份標準化合作協議。「一帶一路」稅收合作長效機制日趨成熟，中國組織召開「一帶一路」稅收合作會議，發布《阿斯塔納「一帶一路」稅收合作倡議》，稅收協定合作網絡延伸至111個國家和地區。中國與49個沿線國家聯合發布《關於進一步推進「一帶一路」國家智慧財產權務實合作的聯合聲明》。中國組織召開「一帶一路」法治合作國際論壇，發布《「一帶一路」法治合作國際論壇共同主席聲明》。中國組織召開「一帶一路」能源部長會議，18個國家聯合宣布建立「一帶一路」能源合作夥伴關係。中國發布《共同推進「一帶一路」建設農業合作的願景與行動》、《「一帶一路」建設海上合作設想》等。中國推動建立了國際商事法庭和「一站式」國際商事糾紛多元化解決機制。
3) Coordination and cooperation in specific fields of the Belt and Road Initiative have progressed steadily. The Digital Silk Road has become an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative. China has launched the 「Belt and Road Digital Economy International Cooperation Initia- tive」 with Egypt, Laos, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Thailand, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. It has signed coop- eration agreements with 16 countries to strengthen the con- struction of the Digital Silk Road. China issued the 「Action Plan on Belt and Road Standard Connectivity (2018-2020)」. It has signed 85 standardization cooperation agreements with 49 countries and regions. The long-term mechanism for tax cooperation between B&R countries is maturing. China co-organized the Belt and Road Initiative Tax Co- operation Conference (BRITCC) in May 2018, which published the 「Astana Proposal by BRITCC Participating Jurisdictions for Enhancing Cooperation in Tax Matters」, signaling that the cooperation network has expanded to 111 countries and regions. China and 49 B&R countries pub- lished the 「Joint Statement on Pragmatic Cooperation in the Field of Intellectual Property Among Countries Along the Belt and Road」 in August 2018. In July 2018 China hosted the Forum on the Belt and Road Legal Cooperation, which published the 「Statement of the Co-Chairs of the Fo- rum on the Belt and Road Legal Cooperation」. In October 2018 China hosted the Belt and Road Energy Ministerial Conference and 18 countries jointly announced building the B&R energy partnership. In addition, China published the 「Vision and Action on Jointly Promoting Agricultural Cooperation on the Belt and Road」 in May 2017 and the 「Vision for Maritime Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Initiative」 in June the same year. China has been a strong proponent of the establishment of international commercial courts and a 「one-stop」 diversified resolution mechanism for international commercial disputes.
（二）設施聯通
2. Infrastructure connectivity
設施聯通是共建「一帶一路」的優先方向。在尊重相關國家主權和安全關切的基礎上，由各國共同努力，以鐵路、公路、航運、航空、管道、空間綜合信息網絡等為核心的全方位、多層次、複合型基礎設施網絡正在加快形成，區域間商品、資金、信息、技術等交易成本大大降低，有效促進了跨區域資源要素的有序流動和優化配置，實現了互利合作、共贏發展。
Infrastructure connectivity is high on the B&R agenda. While committed to respecting the sovereignty and secu- rity concerns of all relevant countries, B&R countries have made concerted efforts to build an all-round, multi-level, and composite infrastructure framework centered on rail- ways, roads, shipping, aviation, pipelines, and integrated space information networks. This framework is taking shape rapidly. It has greatly reduced the transaction costs of products, capital, information, and technologies flow- ing between regions, and effectively promoted the orderly flow and optimal allocation of resources among different regions. Thus it will help achieve mutually beneficial coop- eration and common development.
1．國際經濟合作走廊和通道建設取得明顯進展。新亞歐大陸橋、中蒙俄、中國－中亞－西亞、中國－中南半島、中巴和孟中印緬等六大國際經濟合作走廊將亞洲經濟圈與歐洲經濟圈聯繫在一起，為建立和加強各國互聯互通夥伴關係，構建高效暢通的亞歐大市場發揮了重要作用。
1) Significant progress has been made in the con- struction of international economic cooperation cor- ridors and passageways. The six major corridors for international economic cooperation – the New Eurasian Land Bridge, and the China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Central Asia-West Asia, China-Indochina Peninsula, China-Pakistan, and Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar economic corridors – connect the Asian economic circle with the European eco- nomic circle. They have played an important role in estab- lishing and strengthening connectivity partnerships between participating countries and building an efficient and smooth Eurasian market.
——新亞歐大陸橋經濟走廊。5年多來，新亞歐大陸橋經濟走廊區域合作日益深入，將開放包容、互利共贏的夥伴關係提升到新的水平，有力推動了亞歐兩大洲經濟貿易交流。《中國－中東歐國家合作布達佩斯綱要》和《中國－中東歐國家合作索菲亞綱要》對外發布，中歐互聯互通平臺和歐洲投資計劃框架下的務實合作有序推進。匈塞鐵路塞爾維亞境內貝舊段開工。中國西部－西歐國際公路（中國西部－哈薩克斯坦－俄羅斯－西歐）基本建成。
– New Eurasian Land Bridge. Over the past five years or so, regional cooperation through the New Eurasian Land Bridge has widened, enhancing partnerships featuring openness, inclusiveness, and mutual benefits to a higher level and driving forward economic and trade exchanges between Asia and Europe. The 「Budapest Guidelines for Cooperation Between China and Central and Eastern Euro- pean Countries」 and the 「Sofia Guidelines for Cooperation Between China and Central and Eastern European Coun- tries」 have been published, showing that steady progress is being made in pragmatic cooperation in the frameworks of the China-EU Connectivity Platform and the Investment Plan for Europe. Construction has started on the Belgrade- Stara Pazova section of the Hungary-Serbia Railway in Serbia. The Western China-Western European International Expressway connecting western China, Kazakhstan, Russia and Western Europe is basically complete.
——中蒙俄經濟走廊。中蒙俄三國積極推動形成以鐵路、公路和邊境口岸為主體的跨境基礎設施聯通網絡。2018年，三國籤署《關於建立中蒙俄經濟走廊聯合推進機制的諒解備忘錄》，進一步完善了三方合作工作機制。中俄同江－下列寧斯闊耶界河鐵路橋中方側工程已於2018年10月完工。黑河－布拉戈維申斯克界河公路橋建設進展順利。中俄企業聯合體基本完成莫喀高鐵項目初步設計。三國籤署並核准的《關於沿亞洲公路網國際道路運輸政府間協定》正式生效。中蒙俄（二連浩特）跨境陸纜系統已建成。
– China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. China, Mongolia, and Russia have made positive efforts to build a cross-border infrastructure connectivity network consist- ing mainly of railways, roads and border ports. In 2018, the three countries signed the 「Memorandum of Under- standing on Establishing a Joint Mechanism for Advancing the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor」, making further progress in improving the working mechanism of the tripartite cooperation. China’s side of the Tongjiang- Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge was completed in Oc- tober 2018. Construction of the Heihe-Blagoveshchensk road bridge is progressing smoothly. A Sino-Russian enter- prise consortium has completed preliminary design of the Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway. The 「Intergovern- mental Agreement on International Road Transport Along the Asian Highway Network」 signed and approved by the three countries has entered into force. The China-Mongolia- Russia cross-border terrestrial cable system has been com- pleted.
——中國－中亞－西亞經濟走廊。5年多來，該走廊在能源合作、設施互聯互通、經貿與產能合作等領域合作不斷加深。中國與哈薩克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、土耳其等國的雙邊國際道路運輸協定，以及中巴哈吉、中哈俄、中吉烏等多邊國際道路運輸協議或協定相繼籤署，中亞、西亞地區基礎設施建設不斷完善。中國－沙特投資合作論壇圍繞共建「一帶一路」倡議與沙特「2030願景」進行產業對接，籤署合作協議總價值超過280億美元。中國與伊朗發揮在各領域的獨特優勢，加強涵蓋道路、基礎設施、能源等領域的對接合作。
– China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor. Over the past five years or so, cooperation has advanced in energy, infrastructure connectivity, economy and trade, and industrial capacity in this corridor’s framework. China has signed bilateral agreements on international road transport with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkey, and other countries, as well as China-Pakistan-Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan, China- Kazakhstan-Russia, China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan, and some other multilateral agreements on international road transport, constantly improving infrastructure construction in Central Asia and West Asia. The China-Saudi Arabia Investment Cooperation Forum has promoted industrial complementarity between the Belt and Road Initiative and Saudi Vision 2030, and has concluded cooperation agree- ments worth more than US$28 billion. China and Iran have drawn on their strengths in various fields and are strength- ening their combined forces in the fields of roads, infra- structure and energy.
——中國－中南半島經濟走廊。5年多來，該走廊在基礎設施互聯互通、跨境經濟合作區建設等方面取得積極進展。昆（明）曼（谷）公路全線貫通，中老鐵路、中泰鐵路等項目穩步推進。中老經濟走廊合作建設開始啟動，泰國「東部經濟走廊」與「一帶一路」倡議加快對接，中國與柬老緬越泰（CLMVT）經濟合作穩步推進。中國－東協（10+1）合作機制、瀾湄合作機制、大湄公河次區域經濟合作（GMS）發揮的積極作用越來越明顯。
– China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor. Over the past five years or so, progress has been made in infrastructure connectivity and construction of cross-border economic cooperation zones through this corridor. The Kunming-Bangkok Expressway has been completed, while the China-Laos and China-Thailand railways and some other projects are well underway. Cooperation has started in building the China-Laos Economic Corridor. More intensive efforts have been made to dovetail Thailand’s Eastern Eco- nomic Corridor and the Belt and Road Initiative. Economic cooperation between China and Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Viet Nam and Thailand is advancing steadily. Positive roles for the China-ASEAN (10+1) cooperation mechanism, Lancang- Mekong cooperation mechanism, and Greater Mekong Subre- gion (GMS) Economic Cooperation are becoming clearer.
——中巴經濟走廊。以能源、交通基礎設施、產業園區合作、瓜達爾港為重點的合作布局確定實施。中國與巴基斯坦組建了中巴經濟走廊聯合合作委員會，建立了定期會晤機制。一批項目順利推進，瓜達爾港疏港公路、白沙瓦至喀拉蚩高速公路（蘇庫爾至木爾坦段）、喀喇崑崙公路升級改造二期（哈維連－塔科特段）、拉合爾軌道交通橙線、卡西姆港1320兆瓦電站等重點項目開工建設，部分項目已發揮效益。中巴經濟走廊正在開啟第三方合作，更多國家已經或有意願參與其中。
– China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. A coopera- tion plan focusing on energy, transportation infrastructure, industrial park cooperation, and Gwadar Port has been implemented in the framework of this corridor. China and Pakistan have established the Joint Cooperation Committee of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, which meets regularly. Smooth progress has been made in a number of projects. Key projects, such as the road to the Gwadar Port, Peshawar-Karachi Motorway (Sukkur-Multan section), Karakoram Highway Phase II (Havelian-Thakot section), Lahore Orange Line Metro, and 1,320MW Coal-Fired Power Plants at Port Qasim have been launched. Some projects have already brought benefits. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is open to third parties for cooperation, and more countries have joined or expressed a willingness to participate.
——孟中印緬經濟走廊。5年多來，孟中印緬四方在聯合工作組框架下共同推進走廊建設，在機制和制度建設、基礎設施互聯互通、貿易和產業園區合作、國際金融開放合作、人文交流與民生合作等方面研擬並規劃了一批重點項目。中緬兩國共同成立了中緬經濟走廊聯合委員會，籤署了關於共建中緬經濟走廊的諒解備忘錄、木姐－曼德勒鐵路項目可行性研究文件和皎漂經濟特區深水港項目建設框架協議。
– Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Cor- ridor. Over the past five years or so, the four countries have worked together to build this corridor in the framework of joint working groups, and have planned a number of major projects in institutional development, infrastructure connec- tivity, cooperation in trade and industrial parks, cooperation and opening up in the financial market, cultural exchange, and cooperation in enhancing people’s wellbeing. A Joint Com- mittee of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor has been established. The two countries have also signed an MoU on building the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor, as well as papers on a feasibility study for the Muse-Mandalay Railway, and the Framework Agreement on the Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone Deep-Sea Port Project.
2．基礎設施互聯互通水平大幅提升。「道路通，百業興」。基礎設施投入不足是發展中國家經濟發展的瓶頸，加快設施聯通建設是共建「一帶一路」的關鍵領域和核心內容。
2) Infrastructure connectivity has been remarkably enhanced. 「Access to roads will enable all sectors of the economy to prosper.」 Insufficient infrastructure investment is a bottleneck for economic development in developing countries. Accelerating infrastructure connectivity is a key area and core goal of the Belt and Road Initiative.
——鐵路合作方面。以中老鐵路、中泰鐵路、匈塞鐵路、雅萬高鐵等合作項目為重點的區際、洲際鐵路網絡建設取得重大進展。泛亞鐵路東線、巴基斯坦1號鐵路幹線升級改造、中吉烏鐵路等項目正積極推進前期研究，中國－尼泊爾跨境鐵路已完成預可行性研究。中歐班列初步探索形成了多國協作的國際班列運行機制。中國、白俄羅斯、德國、哈薩克斯坦、蒙古、波蘭和俄羅斯等7國鐵路公司籤署了《關於深化中歐班列合作協議》。截至2018年底，中歐班列已經聯通亞歐大陸16個國家的108個城市，累計開行1.3萬列，運送貨物超過110萬標箱，中國開出的班列重箱率達94%，抵達中國的班列重箱率達71%。與沿線國家開展口岸通關協調合作、提升通關便利，平均查驗率和通關時間下降了50%。
– Railways
Major progress has been made in building inter-regional and intercontinental railway networks focusing on such cooperation projects as the China-Laos Railway, China- Thailand Railway, Hungary-Serbia Railway, and Jakarta- Bandung High-Speed Railway. Preliminary research has advanced on the eastern route of the Pan-Asia Railway Network, the upgrade of Pakistan’s Karachi-Peshawar Railway Line (also referred to as Main Line 1 or ML-1), and the China-Kyrgyzstan- Uzbekistan Railway. A pre-feasibility study on a China- Nepal cross-border railway has been completed. After preliminary work on China Railway Express cargo trains, an international railway operation mechanism with cooperation among multiple countries has been established. Railway companies of China, Belarus, Germany, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Poland, and Russia have signed an agreement on deeper cooperation in China-Europe rail service. By the end of 2018, China-Europe rail service had connected 108 cities in 16 countries in Asia and Europe. A total of 13,000 trains had carried more than 1.1 million TEUs. Among the trains starting from China, 94 percent were fully loaded; and among those arriving in China, 71 percent were fully loaded. China has cooperated with other B&R countries in cus- toms clearance to make it more convenient and efficient for the operation of the trains. The average inspection rate and customs clearance turnover time have both decreased by 50 percent.
——公路合作方面。中蒙俄、中吉烏、中俄（大連－新西伯利亞）、中越國際道路直達運輸試運行活動先後成功舉辦。2018年2月，中吉烏國際道路運輸實現常態化運行。中越北崙河公路二橋建成通車。中國正式加入《國際公路運輸公約》（TIR公約）。中國與15個沿線國家籤署了包括《上海合作組織成員國政府間國際道路運輸便利化協定》在內的18個雙多邊國際運輸便利化協定。《大湄公河次區域便利貨物及人員跨境運輸協定》實施取得積極進展。
– Roads
Trial operations have been carried out on nonstop trans- port on the China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Kyrgyzstan- Uzbekistan, China-Russia (Dalian-Novosibirsk) and China-Viet Nam roads. In February 2018, regular operation began on the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan highway. China- Viet Nam Beilun River Bridge II has been completed and opened to traffic. China formally joined the Convention on International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets (TIR Convention). It has signed 18 bilateral and multilateral international transport facilitation agreements with 15 B&R countries, including the 「Intergovernmental Agreement of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Member States on the Facilitation of International Road Transport」. Positive progress has been made in implementing the GMS 「Agree- ment for the Facilitation of Cross-Border Transport of Goods and People」.
——港口合作方面。巴基斯坦瓜達爾港開通貨櫃定期班輪航線，起步區配套設施已完工，吸引30多家企業入園。斯裡蘭卡漢班託塔港經濟特區已完成園區產業定位、概念規劃等前期工作。希臘比雷埃夫斯港建成重要中轉樞紐，三期港口建設即將完工。阿聯哈利法港二期貨櫃碼頭已於2018年12月正式開港。中國與47個沿線國家籤署了38個雙邊和區域海運協定。中國寧波航交所不斷完善「海上絲綢之路航運指數」，發布了16+1貿易指數和寧波港口指數。
– Ports
In Pakistan’s Gwadar Port, routes for regular container liners have been opened and supporting facilities in the starting area of the Gwadar Free Trade Zone completed, attracting more than 30 companies into the area. Prelimi- nary work has been completed for Sri Lanka’s Hamban- tota Port Special Economic Zone, including defining the zone’s industrial functions and making conceptual plans. An important transit hub has been completed at the Port of Piraeus in Greece, and Phase III construction is to be completed. Khalifa Port Container Terminal Phase II in the United Arab Emirates officially opened in December 2018. China has signed 38 bilateral and regional shipping agree- ments with 47 B&R countries. China’s Ningbo Shipping Exchange has made constant efforts to improve the Mari- time Silk Road Freight Index and released the China-CEEC Trade Index (CCTI) and the Ningbo Port Index.
——航空運輸方面。中國與126個國家和地區籤署了雙邊政府間航空運輸協定。與盧森堡、俄羅斯、亞美尼亞、印度尼西亞、柬埔寨、孟加拉國、以色列、蒙古、馬來西亞、埃及等國家擴大了航權安排。5年多來，中國與沿線國家新增國際航線1239條，佔新開通國際航線總量的69.1%。
– Air transport
China has signed bilateral intergovernmental air trans- port agreements with 126 countries and regions. It has ex- panded arrangements for air traffic rights with Luxembourg, Russia, Armenia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Israel, Mongolia, Malaysia, and Egypt. Over the past five years or so, 1,239 new international routes have opened between China and other B&R countries, accounting for 69.1 percent of the total of China’s new international routes over that period.
——能源設施建設方面。中國與沿線國家籤署了一系列合作框架協議和諒解備忘錄，在電力、油氣、核電、新能源、煤炭等領域開展了廣泛合作，與相關國家共同維護油氣管網安全運營，促進國家和地區之間的能源資源優化配置。中俄原油管道、中國－中亞天然氣管道保持穩定運營，中俄天然氣管道東線將於2019年12月部分實現通氣，2024年全線通氣。中緬油氣管道全線貫通。
– Energy facilities
China has signed a large number of cooperation frame- work agreements and MoUs with other B&R countries, and has carried out extensive cooperation in the fields of elec- tricity, oil and gas, nuclear power, new energy, and coal. It works with relevant countries to ensure the safe operation of oil and gas pipeline networks and optimize the configu- ration of energy resources between countries and regions. The China-Russia crude oil pipeline and the China- Central Asia natural gas pipeline have maintained stable operation. Certain sections of the eastern route of the China-Russia natural gas pipeline will enter service in December 2019 and the entire eastern route will be completed and enter service in 2024. China-Myanmar oil and gas pipelines have been completed.
——通訊設施建設方面。中緬、中巴、中吉、中俄跨境光纜信息通道建設取得明顯進展。中國與國際電信聯盟籤署《關於加強「一帶一路」框架下電信和信息網絡領域合作的意向書》。與吉爾吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、阿富汗籤署絲路光纜合作協議，實質性啟動了絲路光纜項目。
– Communication facilities
Significant progress has been made in the construction of China-Myanmar, China-Pakistan, China-Kyrgyzstan, and China-Russia cross-border fiber optic cables for infor- mation transmission. China and the International Telecom- munication Union signed a 「Letter of Intent to Strengthen Cooperation on Telecommunications and Information Net- works Within the Framework of the Belt and Road Initia- tive」. China has also signed cooperation agreements with Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan on fiber optic ca- bles, which represent the practical launch of the Silk Road Fiber Optic Cable project.
（三）貿易暢通
3. Unimpeded trade
貿易暢通是共建「一帶一路」的重要內容。共建「一帶一路」促進了沿線國家和地區貿易投資自由化便利化，降低了交易成本和營商成本，釋放了發展潛力，進一步提升了各國參與經濟全球化的廣度和深度。
Unimpeded trade is an important goal of the Belt and Road Initiative. The efforts invested in the initiative have liberalized and facilitated trade and investment in the par- ticipating countries and regions, lowered the costs of trade and business, and released growth potential, enabling the participants to engage in broader and deeper economic glo- balization.
1．貿易與投資自由化便利化水平不斷提升。中國發起《推進「一帶一路」貿易暢通合作倡議》，83個國家和國際組織積極參與。海關檢驗檢疫合作不斷深化，2017年5月首屆「一帶一路」國際合作高峰論壇以來，中國與沿線國家籤署100多項合作文件，實現了50多種農產品食品檢疫準入。中國和哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦農產品快速通關「綠色通道」建設積極推進，農產品通關時間縮短了90%。中國進一步放寬外資準入領域，營造高標準的國際營商環境，設立了面向全球開放的12個自由貿易試驗區，並探索建設自由貿易港，吸引沿線國家來華投資。中國平均關稅水平從加入世界貿易組織時的15.3%降至目前的7.5%。中國與東協、新加坡、巴基斯坦、喬治亞等多個國家和地區籤署或升級了自由貿易協定，與歐亞經濟聯盟籤署經貿合作協定，與沿線國家的自由貿易區網絡體系逐步形成。
1) Greater liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment. China has issued the 「Initiative on Promoting Unimpeded Trade Cooperation Along the Belt and Road」, to which 83 countries and international organizations have subscribed. Cooperation in border inspection and quarantine has deepened. Since the first Belt and Road Forum for Inter- national Cooperation in May 2017, China has signed more than 100 cooperation agreements with other B&R countries, granting access to some 50 types of agricultural products and food after inspection and quarantine. Express customs clear- ance services for agricultural products between China and Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan have reduced the clearance time by 90 percent. China has further expanded sectors accepting foreign investment to create a business en- vironment of high international standards. It has opened 12 pilot free trade zones for global business and experimented with free trade ports to attract investment from participat- ing countries of the Belt and Road Initiative. China’s aver- age tariffs have dropped from 15.3 percent when it joined the World Trade Organization to 7.5 percent today. China has signed or upgraded free trade agreements with ASEAN, Singapore, Pakistan, Georgia and other countries and regions, and signed an economic and trade cooperation agreement with the Eurasian Economic Union. A network of free trade areas involving China and other B&R countries has taken shape.
2．貿易規模持續擴大。2013－2018年，中國與沿線國家貨物貿易進出口總額超過6萬億美元，年均增長率高於同期中國對外貿易增速，佔中國貨物貿易總額的比重達到27.4%。其中，2018年，中國與沿線國家貨物貿易進出口總額達到1.3萬億美元，同比增長16.4%。中國與沿線國家服務貿易由小到大、穩步發展。2017年，中國與沿線國家服務貿易進出口額達977.6億美元，同比增長18.4%，佔中國服務貿易總額的14.1%，比2016年提高1.6個百分點。世界銀行研究組分析了共建「一帶一路」倡議對71個潛在參與國的貿易影響，發現共建「一帶一路」倡議將使參與國之間的貿易往來增加4.1%。（注1）
2) Expanding trade. From 2013 to 2018 the value of trade between China and other B&R countries surpassed US$6 trillion, accounting for 27.4 percent of China’s total trade in goods and growing faster than the country’s overall foreign trade. In 2018 the value of trade in goods between China and other B&R countries reached US$1.3 trillion, growing by 16.4 percent year on year. Trade in services be- tween China and other B&R countries has seen steady prog- ress, growing by 18.4 percent from 2016 to reach US$97.76 billion in 2017. The figure accounted for 14.1 percent of China’s total trade in services, 1.6 percentage points higher than in 2016. According to a World Bank study that analyzes the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on trade in 71 po- tentially participating countries, the initiative increases trade flows among participating countries by up to 4.1 percent.
3．貿易方式創新進程加快。跨境電子商務等新業態、新模式正成為推動貿易暢通的重要新生力量。2018年，通過中國海關跨境電子商務管理平臺零售進出口商品總額達203億美元，同比增長50%，其中出口84.8億美元，同比增長67.0%，進口118.7億美元，同比增長39.8%。「絲路電商」合作蓬勃興起，中國與17個國家建立雙邊電子商務合作機制，在金磚國家等多邊機制下形成電子商務合作文件，加快了企業對接和品牌培育的實質性步伐。
3) Faster pace of trade model innovation. New trade models such as cross-border e-commerce are becoming an important driver of trade. In 2018 the total value of retail goods imported and exported through the cross-border e-commerce platform of China Customs reached US$20.3 billion, growing by 50 percent year on year. Exports were US$8.48 billion, growing by 67 percent year on year, and imports were US$11.87 billion, growing by 39.8 percent year on year. As Silk Road e-commerce prospers, China has established cooperation mechanisms for bilateral e-commerce with 17 countries, created agreements on e-commerce cooperation under the BRICS and other mul- tilateral frameworks, and made solid progress in finding overseas partners for Chinese businesses and developing Chinese brands.
（四）資金融通
4. Financial integration
資金融通是共建「一帶一路」的重要支撐。國際多邊金融機構以及各類商業銀行不斷探索創新投融資模式，積極拓寬多樣化融資渠道，為共建「一帶一路」提供穩定、透明、高質量的資金支持。
Financial integration is an important pillar of the Belt and Road Initiative. Exploring investment and financing models, international multilateral financial institutions and commercial banks have played an innovative role in ex- panding the channels of diversified financing, providing stable, transparent and quality financial support for the Belt and Road Initiative.
1．探索新型國際投融資模式。「一帶一路」沿線基礎設施建設和產能合作潛力巨大，融資缺口亟待彌補。各國主權基金和投資基金髮揮越來越重要的作用。近年來，阿聯阿布達比投資局、中國投資有限責任公司等主權財富基金對沿線國家主要新興經濟體投資規模顯著增加。絲路基金與歐洲投資基金共同投資的中歐共同投資基金於2018年7月開始實質性運作，投資規模5億歐元，有力促進了共建「一帶一路」倡議與歐洲投資計劃相對接。
1) Exploring new models of international invest- ment and financing. Boasting huge cooperation potential in infrastructure construction and industrial capacity, the Belt and Road Initiative is in urgent need of finance. The sovereign wealth funds and investment funds of the partici- pating countries are playing a bigger part. In recent years the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority of the UAE, China Investment Corporation and other sovereign wealth funds have markedly increased investment in major emerging economies participating in the initiative. The China-EU Joint Investment Fund, which began operation in July 2018 with an injected capital of EUR500 million from the Silk Road Fund and the European Investment Fund, has helped the Belt and Road Initiative to dovetail with the Investment Plan for Europe.
2．多邊金融合作支撐作用顯現。中國財政部與阿根廷、俄羅斯、印度尼西亞、英國、新加坡等27國財政部核准了《「一帶一路」融資指導原則》。根據這一指導原則，各國支持金融資源服務於相關國家和地區的實體經濟發展，重點加大對基礎設施互聯互通、貿易投資、產能合作等領域的融資支持。中國人民銀行與世界銀行集團下屬的國際金融公司、泛美開發銀行、非洲開發銀行和歐洲復興開發銀行等多邊開發機構開展聯合融資，截至2018年底已累計投資100多個項目，覆蓋70多個國家和地區。2017年11月，中國－中東歐銀聯體成立，成員包括中國、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、克羅埃西亞等14個國家的金融機構。2018年7月、9月，中國－阿拉伯國家銀行聯合體、中非金融合作銀行聯合體成立，建立了中國與阿拉伯國家之間、非洲國家之間的首個多邊金融合作機制。
2) Growing support from multilateral financial co- operation. China’s Ministry of Finance and its counterparts in 27 countries including Argentina, Russia, Indonesia, the UK, and Singapore have endorsed the 「Guiding Principles on Financing the Development of the Belt and Road」. Ac- cording to the Principles, the countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative support channeling of financial resources to serve the real economy of countries and regions involved, with priority given to such areas as infrastructure connectivity, trade and investment, and industrial coopera- tion, among others. The People’s Bank of China has rolled out joint financing programs with the International Finance Corporation under the World Bank Group, Inter-American Development Bank, African Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and other mul- tilateral development institutions. By the end of 2018 these institutions had invested in more than 100 programs in over 70 countries and regions. Established in November 2017, the China-CEEC Bank Consortium includes 14 financial institutions from China, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, and nine other Central and Eastern Eu- ropean countries. In July 2018 the China-Arab States Bank Consortium was founded, followed by the China-Africa Fi- nancial Cooperation Consortium established in September; each was the first multilateral financial cooperation mecha- nism between China and the respective area.
3．金融機構合作水平不斷提升。在共建「一帶一路」中，政策性出口信用保險覆蓋面廣，在支持基礎設施、基礎產業的建設上發揮了獨特作用；商業銀行在多元化吸收存款、公司融資、金融產品、貿易代理、信託等方面具有優勢。截至2018年底，中國出口信用保險公司累計支持對沿線國家的出口和投資超過6000億美元。中國銀行、中國工商銀行、中國農業銀行、中國建設銀行等中資銀行與沿線國家建立了廣泛的代理行關係。德國商業銀行與中國工商銀行籤署合作諒解備忘錄，成為首家加入「一帶一路」銀行合作常態化機制的德國銀行。
3) Closer cooperation between financial institutions. In building the Belt and Road, policy-backed export credit insurance, which has wide coverage, plays a special role in supporting infrastructure and basic industries. The strengths of commercial banks lie in taking deposits from wider sources, corporate financing, financial products, trade agen- cy, and trust services. By the end of 2018 the China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation had endorsed US$600 bil- lion on export to and investment in the participating coun- tries. Chinese-financed banks, such as the Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and China Construction Bank, have formed extensive agent banking relations with the participating countries. Commerzbank became the first German bank to join the banking mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative when it signed an MoU on cooperation with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
4．金融市場體系建設日趨完善。沿線國家不斷深化長期穩定、互利共贏的金融合作關係，各類創新金融產品不斷推出，大大拓寬了共建「一帶一路」的融資渠道。中國不斷提高銀行間債券市場對外開放程度，截至2018年底，熊貓債發行規模已達2000億人民幣左右。中國進出口銀行面向全球投資者發行20億人民幣「債券通」綠色金融債券，金磚國家新開發銀行發行首單30億人民幣綠色金融債，支持綠色絲綢之路建設。證券期貨交易所之間的股權、業務和技術合作穩步推進。2015年，上海證券交易所、德意志交易所集團、中國金融期貨交易所共同出資成立中歐國際交易所。上海證券交易所與哈薩克斯坦阿斯塔納國際金融中心管理局籤署合作協議，將共同投資建設阿斯塔納國際交易所。
4) Improved financial market system. The initia- tive’s participating countries have made continued efforts to consolidate and improve financial cooperation for long- term benefits and win-win outcomes. With a steady supply of innovative financial products, channels for financing the Belt and Road Initiative have expanded substantially. China has continued to open up its interbank bond market. By the end of 2018 about RMB200 billion of Panda bonds had been issued. The Export-Import Bank of China issued a RMB2 billion green bond for global investors, and the BRICS New Development Bank issued a RMB3 billion green bond to support the green development of the Belt and Road Initiative. Stock equity, business and technical cooperation between securities and futures exchanges has advanced. The Shanghai Stock Exchange, Deutsche Börse Group, and China Financial Futures Exchange jointly founded the China Europe International Exchange in 2015, and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Astana International Financial Center Authority of Kazakhstan have signed an agreement to co-invest in building the Astana International Exchange.
5．金融互聯互通不斷深化。已有11家中資銀行在28個沿線國家設立76家一級機構，來自22個沿線國家的50家銀行在中國設立7家法人銀行、19家外國銀行分行和34家代表處。2家中資證券公司在新加坡、寮國設立合資公司。中國先後與20多個沿線國家建立了雙邊本幣互換安排，與7個沿線國家建立了人民幣清算安排，與35個沿線國家的金融監管當局籤署了合作文件。人民幣國際支付、投資、交易、儲備功能穩步提高，人民幣跨境支付系統（CIPS）業務範圍已覆蓋近40個沿線國家和地區。中國－國際貨幣基金組織聯合能力建設中心、「一帶一路」財經發展研究中心掛牌成立。
5) Deeper financial connectivity. Eleven Chinese-funded banks have set up 76 first-grade institutions in 28 B&R coun- tries, and 50 banks from 22 B&R countries have opened 7 corporate banks, 19 branches, and 34 representative offices in China. Two Chinese-funded securities firms have estab- lished joint ventures in Singapore and Laos. China has made bilateral currency swap arrangements with more than 20 B&R countries and Renminbi clearing arrangements with 7 B&R countries, and signed cooperation agreements with the fi- nancial supervision authorities of 35 B&R countries. The Reminbi’s functions as a currency for international payment, investment, trade, and reserve have been strengthened. The Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) now covers some 40 countries and regions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative. The China-IMF Capacity Development Center and the Research Center for the Belt and Road Financial and Economic Development have been founded.
（五）民心相通
5.Closer people-to-people ties
民心相通是共建「一帶一路」的人文基礎。享受和平、安寧、富足，過上更加美好生活，是各國人民的共同夢想。5年多來，各國開展了形式多樣、領域廣泛的公共外交和文化交流，增進了相互理解和認同，為共建「一帶一路」奠定了堅實的民意基礎。
People-to-people ties are the cultural foundation for building the Belt and Road. It is the common dream of all peoples to enjoy a peaceful and prosperous life. Over the past five years or so, the B&R countries have carried out diplomat- ic activities and cultural exchanges of various forms in wide fields, enhancing mutual understanding and recognition and laying a solid cultural foundation for furthering the initiative.
1．文化交流形式多樣。中國與沿線國家互辦藝術節、電影節、音樂節、文物展、圖書展等活動，合作開展圖書廣播影視精品創作和互譯互播。絲綢之路國際劇院、博物館、藝術節、圖書館、美術館聯盟相繼成立。中國與中東歐、東協、俄羅斯、尼泊爾、希臘、埃及、南非等國家和地區共同舉辦文化年活動，形成了「絲路之旅」、「中非文化聚焦」等10餘個文化交流品牌，打造了絲綢之路（敦煌）國際文化博覽會、絲綢之路國際藝術節、海上絲綢之路國際藝術節等一批大型文化節會，在沿線國家設立了17個中國文化中心。中國與印度尼西亞、緬甸、塞爾維亞、新加坡、沙烏地阿拉伯等國籤訂了文化遺產合作文件。中國、哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦「絲綢之路：長安－天山廊道的路網」聯合申遺成功。「一帶一路」新聞合作聯盟建設積極推進。絲綢之路沿線民間組織合作網絡成員已達310家，成為推動民間友好合作的重要平臺。
1) Diverse forms of cultural exchange. China and other B&R countries have hosted events such as arts fes- tivals, film festivals, music festivals, cultural relics ex- hibitions, and book fairs, and have jointly launched new publishing, radio, film and television programs, as well as translating and introducing each other’s media programs. The Silk Road International League of Theaters, Silk Road International Museum Alliance, Network of Silk Road Arts Festivals, Silk Road International Library Alliance, and Silk Road International Alliance of Art Museums and Gal- leries have been established. China, CEE countries, ASEAN countries, Russia, Nepal, Greece, Egypt, and South Africa have hosted activities to celebrate the cultures of B&R countries in different years, and developed about a dozen cultural exchange brands such as the 「Silk Road Tour」 and 「Chinese/African Cultures in Focus」. Major cultural festi- vals and expos have been launched such as the Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo, Silk Road Interna- tional Arts Festival, and Maritime Silk Road International Arts Festival, and 17 Chinese culture centers have been set up in B&R countries. China has signed cooperation agree- ments on the protection of cultural heritage with Indonesia, Myanmar, Serbia, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia. Through a combined effort from China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, Silk Roads: The Routes Network of Chang』an-Tian Shan Corridor has become a UNESCO World Heritage site. Steady progress has been made in the Belt and Road News Alliance. The Silk Road NGO Cooperation Network, with 310 members, has become an important platform for non- governmental cooperation.
2．教育培訓成果豐富。中國設立「絲綢之路」中國政府獎學金項目，與24個沿線國家籤署高等教育學歷學位互認協議。2017年沿線國家3.87萬人接受中國政府獎學金來華留學，佔獎學金生總數的66.0%。香港、澳門特別行政區分別設立共建「一帶一路」相關獎學金。在54個沿線國家設有孔子學院153個、孔子課堂149個。中國科學院在沿線國家設立碩士、博士生獎學金和科技培訓班，已培訓5000人次。
2) Fruitful results in education and training. The Chi- nese Government Scholarship – Silk Road Program has been set up, and China has signed agreements with 24 B&R countries on the mutual recognition of higher education de- grees. In 2017, 38,700 students from other B&R countries studied in China on scholarships provided by the Chinese government, accounting for 66 percent of all students receiv- ing such scholarships. Other B&R scholarships are provided in the Hong Kong and Macao SARs. China has opened 153 Confucius Institutes and 149 Confucius Classrooms in 54 B&R countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences offers scholarships in Master’s and Doctorate programs to other B&R countries, and runs science and technology training courses which have trained some 5,000 students from other B&R countries.
3．旅遊合作逐步擴大。中國與多個國家共同舉辦旅遊年，創辦絲綢之路旅遊市場推廣聯盟、海上絲綢之路旅遊推廣聯盟、「萬裡茶道」國際旅遊聯盟等旅遊合作機制。與57個沿線國家締結了涵蓋不同護照種類的互免籤證協定，與15個國家達成19份簡化籤證手續的協定或安排。2018年中國出境旅遊人數達1.5億人次，到中國旅遊的外國遊客人數達3054萬人次，俄羅斯、緬甸、越南、蒙古、馬來西亞、菲律賓、新加坡等國成為中國主要客源市場。
3) Expanding cooperation in tourism. China has held joint year of tourism with many other B&R countries, initiating cooperation mechanisms such as the Silk Road Tourism Promotion Union, Maritime Silk Road Tourism Promotion Alliance, and Tea Road International Tourism Alliance. China has signed mutual visa exemption agree- ments for different types of passport with 57 B&R countries, and concluded 19 agreements or arrangements to stream- line visa application procedures with 15 countries. In 2018 outbound Chinese tourists numbered 150 million, and inbound foreign tourists numbered 30.54 million. Russia, Myanmar, Viet Nam, Mongolia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore were the main sources of tourists for China.
4．衛生健康合作不斷深化。自首屆「一帶一路」國際合作高峰論壇召開以來，中國與蒙古、阿富汗等國，世界衛生組織等國際組織，比爾及梅琳達·蓋茨基金會等非政府組織相繼籤署了56個推動衛生健康合作的協議。2017年8月，「一帶一路」暨健康絲綢之路高級別研討會在北京召開，發布了《北京公報》。中國與瀾滄江－湄公河國家開展愛滋病、瘧疾、登革熱、流感、結核病等防控合作，與中亞國家開展包蟲病、鼠疫等人畜共患病防控合作，與西亞國家開展脊髓灰質炎等防控合作。中國先後派出多支眼科醫療隊赴柬埔寨、緬甸、寮國、斯裡蘭卡等國開展「光明行」活動，派遣短期醫療隊赴斐濟、湯加、密克羅尼西亞、萬那杜等太平洋島國開展「送醫上島」活動。在35個沿線國家建立了中醫藥海外中心，建設了43個中醫藥國際合作基地。
4) Deeper cooperation in health and medicine. Since the first Belt and Road Forum for International Coopera- tion, China has signed 56 agreements on cooperation in the health sector with countries such as Mongolia and Afghani- stan, international organizations such as the World Health Organization, and NGOs such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In August 2017 the Belt and Road High-Level Meeting for Health Cooperation: Towards a Health Silk Road was held in Beijing, which issued the 「Beijing Com- muniqué of the Belt and Road Health Cooperation」. China has carried out cooperation on the prevention and control of AIDS, malaria, dengue, flu, and tuberculosis with Lancang- Mekong countries; on the prevention and control of echi- nococcosis, plague and other zoonoses with Central Asian countries; and on the prevention and control of polio with Western Asian countries. China has dispatched ophthalmol- ogy teams to Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, and Sri Lanka to carry out the 「Brightness Action」 program, and short- term medical teams to island countries such as Fiji, Tonga, Micronesia, and Vanuatu in the Pacific. It has established traditional Chinese medicine centers in 35 B&R countries, and 43 international TCM cooperation bases.
5．救災、援助與扶貧持續推進。首屆「一帶一路」國際合作高峰論壇以來，中國向沿線發展中國家提供20億人民幣緊急糧食援助，向南南合作援助基金增資10億美元，在沿線國家實施了100個「幸福家園」、100個「愛心助困」、100個「康復助醫」等項目。開展援外文物合作保護和涉外聯合考古，與6國開展了8個援外文物合作項目，與12國開展了15個聯合考古項目。中國向寮國等國提供地震監測儀器設備，提高防震減災能力。中國在柬埔寨、尼泊爾開展社會組織合作項目24個，助力改善當地民眾生活。
5) Ongoing effort in disaster relief, assistance, and poverty alleviation. Since the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, China has provided RMB2 billion in emergency food assistance to developing countries participating in the initiative, injected an additional US$1 bil- lion to the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, and implemented 100 Happy Home Projects, 100 Anti-Poverty Projects, and 100 Health Recovery Projects. China has partic- ipated in 8 joint programs for the protection of cultural relics with 6 countries, and 15 joint archeological activities with 12 countries. China has provided Laos and other countries with seismic monitoring equipment to improve their early warning and disaster alleviation capacity. China has initiated 24 cooperation programs with civil society organizations in Cambodia and Nepal, in an effort to improve the lives of local people.
（六）產業合作
6. Industrial cooperation
共建「一帶一路」支持開展多元化投資，鼓勵進行第三方市場合作，推動形成普惠發展、共享發展的產業鏈、供應鏈、服務鏈、價值鏈，為沿線國家加快發展提供新的動能。
The Belt and Road Initiative draws investment from diverse sources, encourages third-party market coopera- tion, and aims to build industry, supply, service, and value chains that benefit all and are shared by all, so as to provide new growth drivers for faster development in the partici- pating countries.
1．中國對沿線國家的直接投資平穩增長。2013－2018年，中國企業對沿線國家直接投資超過900億美元，在沿線國家完成對外承包工程營業額超過4000億美元。2018年，中國企業對沿線國家實現非金融類直接投資156億美元，同比增長8.9%，佔同期總額的13.0%；沿線國家對外承包工程完成營業額893億美元，佔同期總額的53.0%。世界銀行研究表明，預計沿線國家的外商直接投資總額將增加4.97%，其中，來自沿線國家內部的外商直接投資增加4.36%，來自經濟合作與發展組織國家的外商直接投資增加4.63%，來自非沿線國家的外商直接投資增加5.75%。（注2）
1) Stable growth in China’s direct investment in B&R countries. From 2013 to 2018 China’s direct investment in B&R countries surpassed US$90 billion, realizing a turnover of US$400 billion in foreign contracted projects in these coun- tries. In 2018 Chinese businesses made a total of US$15.6 billion in non-financial direct investment in B&R countries, growing by 8.9 percent year on year and accounting for 13 percent of China’s total non-financial FDI during the same period. The turnover of foreign contracted projects in B&R countries reached US$89.3 billion, or 53 percent of the total turnover of foreign contracted projects in the same period. Ac- cording to a World Bank study, the transportation network pro- posed by the Belt and Road Initiative can lead to a 4.97-percent increase in total FDI flows to B&R countries, a 4.36-percent increase in FDI flows within B&R countries, a 4.63-percent increase in FDI flows from OECD countries, and a 5.75-percent increase in FDI flows from non-B&R countries.
2．國際產能合作和第三方市場合作穩步推進。沿線國家加快發展產生了國際產能合作的巨大市場需求，中國積極響應並與相關國家推進市場化、全方位的產能合作，促進沿線國家實現產業結構升級、產業發展層次提升。目前中國已同哈薩克斯坦、埃及、衣索比亞、巴西等40多個國家籤署了產能合作文件，同東協、非盟、拉美和加勒比國家共同體等區域組織進行合作對接，開展機制化產能合作。中國與法國、義大利、西班牙、日本、葡萄牙等國籤署了第三方市場合作文件。
2) Steady progress in international cooperation on industrial development and third-party markets. As faster growth in B&R countries has generated huge mar- ket demands on international industrial cooperation, China has taken active measures to boost market-oriented indus- trial cooperation with relevant countries in all areas, so as to upgrade the industrial structure and raise the level of industries in these countries. Currently China has signed agreements on industrial cooperation with more than 40 countries including Kazakhstan, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Brazil. It has dovetailed industrial cooperation programs with regional organizations such as the ASEAN, African Union, and CELAC. China has signed third-party market cooperation agreements with France, Italy, Spain, Japan, and Portugal.
3．合作園區蓬勃發展。中國各類企業遵循市場化法治化原則自主赴沿線國家共建合作園區，推動這些國家借鑑中國改革開放以來通過各類開發區、工業園區實現經濟增長的經驗和做法，促進當地經濟發展，為沿線國家創造了新的稅收源和就業渠道。同時，中國還分別與哈薩克斯坦、寮國建立了中哈霍爾果斯國際邊境合作中心、中老磨憨－磨丁經濟合作區等跨境經濟合作區，與其他國家合作共建跨境經濟合作區的工作也在穩步推進。
3) Vigorous development in cooperation parks and zones. Applying market principles and complying with laws, Chinese businesses of all types have joined in the development of cooperation parks and zones in other B&R countries, sharing China’s best practices and the experience it has gained in development zones and indus- trial parks during reform and opening up. In addition to promoting the local economy, these have also created new sources of tax revenue and jobs in the countries involved. China has established the China-Kazakhstan Khorgos In- ternational Border Cooperation Center, and the China-Laos Mohan-Boten Cross-Border Economic Cooperation Zone; more cross-border economic cooperation zones with other countries are being planned or built.
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