45億年前,地球剛由太陽塵埃雲凝聚形成時,它還是一個熾熱的熔巖球。然而2億年之後,最早的海洋就已經形成了,地球上的水是怎麼來的?據說是由隕石帶到地球的,有什麼證據表明隕石裡有水分呢?究竟需要多少隕石才能累積那麼多的水,隕石中的水又是如何形成最初的海洋的?
(高清視頻見底部連結)
【Line 1】 After its formation from the solar dust cloud 4.5 billion years ago, Earth was a fiery ball of molten rock. But 200 million years later, the first oceans were already forming. And Earth today is the blue planet with 70% of its surface covered by water. 45億年前,地球剛由太陽塵埃雲凝聚形成時,它還是一個熾熱的熔巖球。然而2億年之後,最早的海洋就已經形成了,而今天的地球是一個藍色星球,其表面的70%被水所覆蓋著。
★ formation n.形成
★ solar dust cloud 太陽塵埃雲
★★★ fiery a.炙熱的
★★★ molten rock 熔巖
【Line 2】 The question has puzzled geologists for years. Now they believe the answer lies in space. 多年來這個問題一直困擾著地質學家們,現在他們認為答案就藏在太空中。
★ puzzle v.使困惑
★ geologist n.地質學家
【Line 3】 New evidence showing how our water arrived on Earth has emerged from a meteorite that fell in 1998, but which has only recently been analyzed. 一塊於1998年就墜落於地球,然而近期才被研究分析的隕石,解開了地球上的水的由來之謎。
★ emerge v.顯露
★★★ meteorite n.隕石
【Line 4】 We found an astonishing thing. This meteorite contains grains of table salt, just like you'd put on your fish and chips. 我們發現了一種震撼人心的物質,這塊隕石中含有食鹽顆粒,就跟炸魚和土豆片上撒的鹽一樣。
★ astonishing a.令人吃驚的
★★★ meteorite n.隕石
★ grain n.小顆粒
★ table salt 食鹽
【Line 5】 The clue is trapped inside the crystals of salt and revealed under the microscope, minute droplets of liquid water. 藏在鹽晶體中的線索,在顯微鏡下一覽無遺,即液態水的微滴形式。
★ crystal n.晶體
★ microscope n.顯微鏡
★ minute a.微小的
★★★ droplet n.小滴
【Line 6】 On the computer screen, you can see a little fluid inclusion, a little drop of water, and you'll know it's water. We know it's liquid because you see a little bubble moving around inside of this little droplet of water. 在電腦屏幕上,你可以看到一小塊液體包裹體,一滴小水滴,你就會知道這是水,這一小水滴裡面的小氣泡在四處移動,由此我們可以得知它是液態的。
★ fluid n.流體,液體
★ bubble n.氣泡
【Line 7】 Here is visible evidence that water existed in space when the Earth first formed. And Zolensky is convinced that meteorites then brought water to Earth. 這項發現有力地證明了地球誕生初期水已存在於太空中,另外澤倫斯基相信之後隕石將水帶到了地球上來。
★ convince v.使確信
★★★ meteorite n.隕石
【Line 8】 And so it's looking more and more like the water arrived drop by drop in rocks like this meteorite here, landing over the course of billions of years. You have lots of material coming in every day and smacking into the Earth and depositing a little bit of water, a few drops at a time. 從線索看來,地球上的水是一滴一滴地附著這些隕石降落於地球。經歷了長達幾十億年的時間,地球每天都會受到很多物質的轟炸炮擊,每次攢下幾滴小水滴。
★★★ smack v.拍打,撞擊
★ deposit v.儲存,沉澱
【Line 9】 The scale of the meteorite bombardment needed to fill the oceans with water is almost impossible to comprehend. But scientists believe that over billions of years there were easily enough meteorites crashing into the Earth to account for all the water on the planet. 究竟需要多少次隕石炮擊才能將海洋填滿這個數字幾乎是個天文數字,但科學家們認為,經過幾十億年的時間,這些墜入地球的隕石帶來的水足以達到該星球上的總水量。
★★★ meteorite n.隕石
★★★ bombardment n.轟炸
★ comprehend v.理解
★ crash v.碰撞,墜落
★ account for 解釋,佔(比例)
【Line 10】 Gradually those rocks were sweating water, building up first shallow seas here and there. They'd grow to be giant oceans. 這些巖石漸漸地開始往外冒水,到處形成了最初的淺海,它們會逐漸匯集形成大洋。
★ sweat v.流汗,滲出
★ giant a.巨大的
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