Okay you've been asking for this video for a long time, so here it is! Phrasal verbs in English.
好，你們要求這門課已經很長時間了，那麼現在準備好了！英語中的動詞短語。
I'm Emma from mmmEnglish! Now, why are phrasal verbs so difficult to learn?
我是 Emma， 來自mmmEnglish！那麼，為什麼動詞短語如此難學呢？
Because there are many of them, because they're so commonly used that they can become overwhelming, because one phrasal verb can have multiple meanings. For example, the phrasal verb "put down" can mean to place something down on the ground or a surface, to humiliate or criticise someone or to kill an animal that was sick or suffering.
因為很多動詞短語都非常常用，所以很難應對，而且一個動詞短語有多重意思。例如，動詞短語 "put down" 意思可以是「把某物置於地上或表面上」，「羞辱或批評某人」，或者是「殺掉生病或痛苦的動物。」
Many phrasal verbs are idiomatic, as well, so their meaning is not always as the individual words suggest. For example to "look up to someone" can mean that you respect them.
很多動詞短語屬於慣用語，也就是說，它們的意思不總是像單個單詞釋義的那樣。例如，"look up to someone" 的意思可以是你尊重他們。
You don't actually have to be shorter than someone and physically looking up to them to be able to use this phrasal verb. No wonder phrasal verbs are so frustrating!
並不是你真的比某人矮，需要在身體上仰視他們才能用這個短語。難怪動詞短語如此讓人費解！
If you're determined to understand more about phrasal verbs, then this lesson is for you. I'm going to teach you six things that you need to know about phrasal verbs.
如果你下定決心要學習更多的動詞短語，這節課就是為你準備的。我打算教大家關於動詞短語你需要知道的6件事。
Starting with what is a phrasal verb actually? A phrasal verb is a standard verb such as put, go, or take, plus one or two particles.
我們從到底什麼是動詞短語開始。動詞短語是一個標準動詞，如put，go，或者 take，加上一個或兩個小品詞（副詞或介詞）。
Now don't let that confuse you! A particle in a phrasal verb is either a preposition or an adverb.
不要讓這迷惑了你！動詞短語中的助詞既可是一個介詞也可以是一個副詞。
Go out, go after, go together, go away. These are prepositions and these are adverbs.
出去，追求，一起走，走開。這些是介詞，而這些是副詞。
But of course, there are many, many more phrasal verbs. Hang out, look after, bring together, put away, hang up, look out for, bring out, put up with.
當然了，還有很多很多動詞短語。閒逛，照顧，集合，收起來，掛斷，留意，出版，忍受。
Now, once you know how to recognise a phrasal verb you need to learn how to use it correctly and one of the first things that you need to find out is is it a transitive or an intransitive phrasal verb? If it's transitive, you need something or someone after the verb.
那麼，如果你知道如何辨識一個動詞短語，你需要學會如何正確地使用它，而這當中你首先需要知道的就是它是一個及物動詞短語還是一個不及物的動詞短語？如果是及物的，你需要在動詞後加某物或者某人。
If it's intransitive, it stands on its own. Take the example from before, the phrasal verb "look up to" which means to respect or admire someone but this phrasal verb always has to be followed by a person, by someone.
如果是不及物的，它需要獨立使用。以之前的動詞短語為例，"look up to"，意思是尊重或敬佩某人，但是這個動詞短語總是要接一個人稱，修飾某人。
You can't just say "I really look up to" The first thing that I would have to ask them is who?
你不能直接說「我真地尊敬」首先我不得不問他們「誰」？
Who do you look up to? "Look up to" is a transitive phrasal verb.
你尊敬誰？"Look up to" 是一個及物動詞短語。
You need to have someone after the phrasal verb to make it make sense. But some phrasal verbs are intransitive which means they work fine on their own.
你需要在它後面加上某個人稱，才能是其有意義。但有些動詞短語是不及物的，也就是它們自己就可以有意義。
For example, to "grow up" means to mature and you never need to add an object here. Here are a few examples of how this works.
例如，"grow up" 意思是成熟，你不需要加任何賓語。這裡有一些說明這是怎麼回事的例子。
He grew up in Singapore. Your children are growing up so fast!
他在新加坡長大。你的孩子長大得太快了！
What do you want to be when you grow up? Now some phrasal verbs are either transitive or intransitive, depending on the meaning.
你長大後想成為什麼？有些動詞短語既是及物的又是不及物的，這取決於它的意思。
So take the example "come over" which has two meanings. The first is an intransitive phrasal verb and it means to visit someone in the place where they are, usually their house.
以"come over"為例，它有兩種含義。第一個是不及物動詞短語，意思是到某人所在的地方拜訪某人，通常是他們家裡。
Why don't you come over? It stands on its own.
為什麼你們不來拜訪呢？它可以獨立使用。
But "come over" can also be transitive if a feeling suddenly comes over you or an emotion that affects you in a strong way. You would say that that emotion came over you.
但是 "come over" 也可以作為及物動詞短語，如果表示一直感覺突然向你襲來，或者是你深深地受到了某種情緒的影響。你可以說那種情緒抓住了我。
A wave of anger came over him. So whether a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive, it's important to know because it helps you to understand how to use it correctly.
一股怒氣席捲了他。所以了解一個動詞短語是及物的還是不及物的非常重要，因為它會幫助你理解如何正確使用它。
Now in addition to knowing if a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive, you also need to know if it's separable or inseparable and this is as simple as it sounds! Separable means that the verb and the particle are able to be separated in the sentence.
那麼除此之外，想知道一個動詞短語是及物的還是不及物的，你還需要知道它是可拆分的還是不可拆分的，這就和它聽起來一樣簡單！可拆分的意思是這個動詞和助詞在句子中是可以分開的。
So for example, the phrasal verb "take on" which means to become responsible for something. It's a transitive phrasal verb it doesn't make sense on its own.
例如，動詞短語 "take on"，意思是對某事負責。它是一個及物動詞短語，所以它不能單獨成意。
I'm going to take on the project. But we can also say I'm going to take the project on.
我將負責這個案子。但我們還可以說我將負責這個案子。
We can separate the words in the phrasal verb so it's separable. Now an inseparable phrasal verb means that we can't separate the main verb from the other words in the phrasal verb.
我們可以把這個動詞短語中的單詞分開，所以它是可拆分的。那麼一個不可拆分的動詞短語意思是我們不能將其中主要的動詞和其他詞分開。
No way! Let's go back to the example "look up to".
不可以！我們回來看 "look up to" 這個例子。
So we know that this is a transitive phrasal verb. It's also an inseparable phrasal verb.
我們知道這是一個及物動詞短語。它也是一個不可拆分的動詞短語。
You can't separate the words in the phrasal verb. It's not possible to say "look someone up to" or "look up someone to".
你不能把這個短語裡的單詞分開。不可以說 "look someone up to" 或者 "look up someone to"。
It just doesn't work because it's inseparable. Here's an example of how it could work though.
因為它是不可拆分的，所以這樣是沒有意義的。這裡有一個例子說明如何使用它。
I really look up to your dad. Now learning whether a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive or separable or inseparable, right from the start, will help you to use it correctly from now on.
我很敬佩你的父親。那麼從一開始就了解一個動詞短語是及物還是非及物，是可拆分還是不可拆分，會幫助你從此正確地使用這個短語。
So when you learn a new phrasal verb, it's really important that you write it down. Write down a few awesome sentences of your own just to practise using the phrasal verb and applying the rules that I've just mentioned.
所以當你學習一個新的動詞短語時，寫下來很重要。自己寫下一些不錯的句子，以便練習使用動詞短語並且應用到我剛才說的規則。
Now, phrasal verbs are just multi-word verbs. So they need to be treated like any other verb in a sentence.
那麼，動詞短語就像是多個單詞組成的動詞。它們需要和句子中的任何其他動詞同樣對待。
They need to show us which tense is being used and they need to match the subject that they're being used with. I give up! It's too hard.
它們需要表明使用的是什麼時態，並且要和搭配的主語相匹配。我放棄了！太難了。
He always gives up without really trying. We're not giving up yet!
他總是絲毫不努力就放棄。我們還沒放棄呢！
I thought you'd given up! See how the verb changes each time with the tense.
我認為你會放棄！注意動詞每次是如何隨時態變化的。
Next tip. Find the right phrasal verbs to practise.
下一個秘訣。找正確的動詞短語練習。
Firstly, don't type "phrasal verbs" into Google and then wait for a big list to appear and try to memorise them. This will completely overwhelm you!
首先，不要在谷歌裡直接搜索 "phrasal verbs" 然後等著看到一個長列表，並試著背誦它們。這會讓你完全崩潰的！
You need to look for and find the phrasal verbs that are relevant to you and that are commonly used because there are thousands of phrasal verbs in English but you will never need to know all of them! But you will need to know the ones that are coming up in your life.
那些和你相關的而且常用的動詞短語你才需要查找了解，因為英語中有成千上百的動詞短語，你永遠也不能了解全部的它們！而那些出現在你生活中的你才需要學習。
Right? The important ones for you. So you need to look for them.
對吧？那些對你重要的。那麼你需要查詢它們。
Read the news. Read blogs that you love. Read the transcripts of TEDTalks.
讀新聞。看你喜歡的博客。看TED演講的文本。
Read magazines and articles that are related to your profession. For example, take a blog post from your favourite English blog about English or just written in English.
看雜誌和涉及到你專業的文章。例如，從你喜歡的有關英語或者只是英語寫的博客中下載一篇博文。
Go through it and highlight all of the phrasal verbs that you see. Study how they're used.
通讀它，並且加亮你看到的所有動詞短語。學習它們是如何使用的。
Another great way to look for how phrasal verbs are used is to use Google or any other search engine to search for specific phrasal verbs in the news search tab. So I'll type in the phrasal verb.
另一種查詢如何使用動詞短語的不錯方法是用谷歌或任何其他搜尋引擎，在搜索標籤中尋找特殊的動詞短語。那麼我會打上動詞短語。
Let's try "put up" and that's going to bring up a whole list of current examples where that phrasal verb has been used in context. Look!
我們試試"put up"，那麼接著會出現一整個列表，文本裡都是使用動詞短語的實時例子。看！
Breaking Bad house owners put up fence. So they built a fence.
《絕命毒師》的屋主搭建了籬笆。那麼他們搭建了籬笆。
Here, someone will be put up for sale. So he's made available for sale.
這裡，有人將開始出售。那麼他將其公開出售了。
Another. Signs will be put up.
另一個。跡象會出現。
Women don't have to put up with something. These are all different ways that this phrasal verb can be used.
女人沒有必要忍受的一些事。這些都是這個動詞短語可以應用的不同方式。
Anyway the point is you're exploring which phrasal verbs are commonly used in recently written documents online. You're learning them in context and often in a context that's interesting to you!
總而言之，關鍵在於你是根據網上的信息文件探索最近有什麼常用的動詞短語。你在文本中學習它們，而通常是這篇文本讓你有興趣！
Now, practise using phrasal verbs in the right way. Focus on topics, not on alphabetical lists because that is how you're going to use phrasal verbs while writing or talking about a topic or issue.
現在，試著以正確的方式練習動詞短語。專注於主題，而不是字母表順序，因為你是在寫作或討論一個主題或問題時需要用到動詞短語。
For example, if you're planning to take a holiday soon think about all of the phrasal verbs you might use on your trip. Get on the bus.
例如，如果你計劃將要去度假，那麼想想你可能在旅途中會用到的動詞短語。乘公交車。
Take off in the plane. Pick up the hire car.
下飛機。開租來的車。
Pack up your suitcase. Go out for dinner.
收拾好行李。出去吃晚餐。
Hang out with friends. And if you don't know all the phrasal verbs that you might need, then try looking at a blog post about the topic to inspire you or search YouTube for a lesson that can help you to learn this vocabulary.
和朋友出去閒逛。而且如果你不知道你需要的所有動詞短語，試著看相關主題的博文來激發思路，或者是在 YouTube 上查找課程，來幫助你學習這類詞彙。
Or go to a list of phrasal verbs and see which ones will be helpful to talk about travel. But don't forget to pay attention to whether they're transient or intransient, separable or inseparable.
也可以找一個動詞短語的列表，看看哪些對於談論旅行有幫助。不要忘了注意它們是及物還是非及物，是可拆分還是不可拆分。
Another great way to practise is to start with a list of phrasal verbs - about ten would be perfect. They could be the ones that you highlighted earlier from the blog post.
另一個不錯的練習方式是從一個動詞列表開始，包含10個短語最好。可以是你之前從博文中找到的加亮短語。
Remember? Now try to write your own story using the phrasal verbs.
記住了麼？那麼試著用這個動詞短語來寫你自己的故事。
So use a dictionary if you need to and check the meaning. And to check if they are transitive or intransitive, or separable or inseparable because the dictionary will tell you that!
如果你需要的話可以用一本詞典，查詢意思。並且查看它們是及物還是非及物，是可拆分還是不可拆分，這些詞典裡都會告訴你。
Now let me show you with an example. Take these phrasal verbs, as the example.
我現在給你們看一個例子。以這些動詞短語作為例子。
Hang out, look after, take over, put away, clean up. On Thursdays I look after my nephew in the evening, because my sister works late.
閒逛，照顧，接管，放好，清理。在周四晚上，我照顧我的外甥，因為我姐姐要加班。
I only live over the road, so I usually take over dinner and we have a picnic in the back garden. He's very cute but very cheeky.
我就住在馬路對面，我通常會負責晚餐，我們在後院花園野餐。他很可愛但也很厚臉皮。
I spend most of my time putting away his toys and cleaning up after him. But I love to hang out with him!
我花費了大量的時間收拾他的玩具並且追在他身後清理。可是我喜歡跟他出去閒逛。
So I just built a really simple story about this list of phrasal verbs. Now it doesn't have to be true and it doesn't have to be really intelligent but it challenges you to think creatively and to use these phrasal verbs.
我只是用這個列表裡的動詞短語構造了一個非常簡單的故事。那麼不一定要真實，也不一定要非常精彩，而是挑戰你用這些短語創造性地思考。
So, those are my top tips for learning and using English phrasal verbs. Do you have any other tips that you want to share with everyone here?
這就是我對於學習和使用英語動詞短語的秘訣。你有任何其他的建議想要和大家分享嗎？
Add them to the comments, I'd love to see your suggestions. I'll be making more videos about phrasal verbs soon but for now, why don't you check out these lessons right here?
把它們放在評論區，我會很高興看到大家的建議。我會儘快製作更多關於動詞短語的視頻課，你們為何不點擊這裡的課程呢？
And make sure you subscribe to the mmmEnglish YouTube channel just here so that you never miss a lesson! Thanks for watching and I will see you next time.
你一定要訂閱 mmmEnglish 的YouTube頻道，這樣你就不會錯過任何一節課！感謝觀看，我們下次再見。
Bye for now!
拜拜！