導讀
今天是聯合國「國際和平日」。在中國日報社日前舉辦的最新一期新時代大講堂上，聯合國可持續發展行動網絡領導委員會主席傑弗裡·薩克斯表示，中國在現代歷史和傳統中，保持穩定的時間比世界上任何其他國家都要長。過去40年裡，中國從未參與過任何的海外戰爭，而美國自1980年以來，參與了十幾場戰爭。如果有人聲稱中國是一個「侵略性的國家」，那就太荒謬了。
以下為演講刪節版，中文為譯文。
中國為減少全球貧困作出巨大貢獻
圖片來源：新華社
可持續發展的理念是全世界應該共享一個繁榮、公平、環境可持續發展的經濟體系。可持續發展的理念將經濟目標、社會正義和環境可持續發展結合起來，這是一個極其重要的概念，因為它的目的是讓地球上每個人都擁有美好生活。
The idea of sustainable development is that the whole world should enjoy an economic systemthat is prosperous, that is fair,and that is environmentally sustainable.So the idea of sustainable developmentis to combine the economic objectives,the social justice,and the environmental sustainability.It's an extremely important conceptbecause it basically points to a good lifefor everybody on the planet.
聯合國193個成員國兩次確認可持續發展的承諾，先是2015年的《2030年議程》提出了17個可持續發展目標，然後是《巴黎協定》。我們需要實現我們設定的目標，實現後世界會變得更好。
And the United Nation's member states- all 193 of them -have twice confirmedthe commitment to sustainable development.First in 2015 with the Agenda 2030, which iswhere the 17 sustainable development goalsare laid out.And then in the Paris Climate Agreement.Now we need to achieve what we have set out to do.If we do,the world will be a much better place.
中國為可持續發展作出了重大貢獻，首先消除了國內的貧困，其次是通過「一帶一路」倡議等項目幫助其他國家進行基礎建設，這些都是極其重要的積極貢獻。
China has made major contributionsto sustainable development.First and foremost,by ending poverty within China. And second,by helping other countries with basic infrastructurethrough projects like the Belt and Road Initiative.And these are extremely importantand positive contributions.
我期待著中國在清理汙染方面發揮主導作用，因為可持續發展包括採用一系列的綠色技術，我們需要改用低碳能源風能和太陽能、電動汽車、5G。
I look forward to China playing a leading rolein cleaning up the pollution now.Because part of sustainable developmentis moving to a green set of technologies,we need to move to low carbon energy,wind and solar power, electric vehicles, 5G.
中國在這些領域都很強，為了實現環境的可持續發展，中國的領導力對本國的清潔空氣和環境、對世界的環境都是極其重要的。
China has great capacity in all of these areas.And for its own clean air and its own environment,as well as for the world's environment,China's leadership is extremely importantin order to achieve environmental sustainability.
觀察中國的迅速增長不難發現，尤其是從1978年開始，這種發展是基於三個基本支柱：一個是投資於人民的健康和教育；第二個是建設基礎設施，電力、連通性、公路、鐵路、機場，這些都是生產力的基礎；第三是讓企業能夠創造新產品和新市場。
If you look at China's very rapid growth, especially since 1978, it's been based on three basic pillars. One is investing in health and education of the people. The second has been building infrastructure, so that there is power, electricity, connectivity, roads, rail, airports – all as the basis for productivity. And the third is to enable business to create new products and new markets.
所以這其實是三種投資：對人的投資、對基礎設施的投資和對企業經濟的投資。
So it's been really three kinds of investment - investment in people, investment in infrastructure and investment in the business economy.
我想說中國幫助非洲完善基礎設施，比如說幫助很多國家實現電氣化就是在幫助這些國家取得和中國一樣的成功，這是通過相互關聯的投資來拉動經濟。
And I would say that China by contributing to the infrastructure in Africa, for example, with electrification in many countries, is helping those countries achieve the same kind of success that China achieved. That is economic development based on these interconnected kinds of investments.
我很高興看到像「一帶一路」倡議這樣的倡議或者是中國對非洲基礎設施的投資，這是擺脫貧困從而實現可持續發展的解決方案的一部分。
So I'm very pleased with initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative or with the China's investments in African infrastructure as being part of this solution for getting out of poverty and therefore achieving sustainable development.
從全球來看，到今年為止減少貧困取得了很多進展。全球貧困率從1990年的30%左右下降到2015年的10%左右，中國在其中發揮了巨大的作用。因為中國曾經非常貧窮，然後中國到2015年已經基本消除了貧困，現在到今年已經消除了所有的極端貧困。
Globally, there has been a lot of progress up until this year in fighting poverty. The rate of global poverty from 1990 at around 30% or so declines to around 10% by 2015. China played a huge role in that because China was overwhelmingly poor.And then it has already largely eliminated poverty by 2015, and now has eliminated all extreme poverty as of this year.
結束疫情是實現其他的必要條件
圖片來源：新華社
但是我們有兩個問題：第一，依然有幾億人生活在真正的絕望當中，尤其是在非洲。第二，新冠疫情是一次很大的挫折，對於世界上許多地方的窮人來說這無疑是一次非常嚴重的危機。
But we had two problems. One, there were still hundreds of millions of people living in real desperation, especially in Africa. And second, COVID-19 has been a big setback. Definitely, this is a very, very serious crisis for poor people in many parts of the world.
因此我們面臨的挑戰不僅是完成我們正在進行的進程，還要結束這次疫情收復今年減貧工作的失地。
So the challenge is not only to complete a process that was underway, but also to stop this pandemic so that we can recover some of the lost ground this year.
我認為這個過程包括三部分：一是用中國的方法儘快結束疫情。希望未來一兩年內能用上中國 、美國或者其他國家的疫苗，這是其一。
So I see a three-part process. One is ending the epidemic as soon as possible using the methods that China has used. Hopefully, we'll have vaccines, China, the United States, and others that could become available in the coming year or two. That's one part.
其二是通過「一帶一路」等倡議來拓寬經濟發展，正如我所提到的——關鍵是這些倡議應該是反汙染 、可持續、基於可再生能源的。
The second part is to broaden economic development through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative. And there, as I mentioned, the key is that these should be anti-pollution, sustainable, renewable energy based initiatives.
然後第三部分應該是有針對性地幫助那些根深蒂固的高度貧困地區，由於地理或歷史的原因，他們缺乏基本的基礎設施，需要特殊的幫助。
And then the third should be targeted help to those places that have still high entrenched poverty, maybe because of their geography or their history. They don't have the basic infrastructure and they need special kind of help.
中國在這一點上做得很好，用一個綜合的框架把基礎設施和人力投資以及商業發展結合起來。中國可以利用自己的能力，在世界上貧困仍然根深蒂固的地區運用同樣的方法減貧。
And so here's where China is so good developing an integrated framework of combining infrastructure, human investments and business development. And I think that China could use its capacity to do that in parts of the world where there still is entrenched poverty.
本世紀初我應邀訪問中國西部時，當時的理念是——中國利用發展規劃和公共投資，來促進那些未被前20年的快速增長覆蓋到的地方的經濟發展，中國就是這樣做的。
When I was asked to visit western China in the early 2000s, the idea was that China would use its development planning and its public investments to spur growth in places that had been left behind by the first 20 years of rapid growth. And China did that.
全世界依然有一些地方，經濟發展比較落後比如非洲撒哈拉地區。而中國非常善於把大投資項目、大工業項目和社會發展、衛生、教育等等結合起來，有了這樣的組合即使是貧困成為沉痾痼疾的地方也可以擺脫貧困。
Well, there are still places on the planet that have been left behind, in the Sahara of Africa, for example. And China is very good at putting together big investment projects, big industrial projects and social development, health and education and so forth. With that combination, even these very-hard-to-solve places can also escape from poverty.
17個可持續發展目標中的第三項是全民健康，這一項至關重要，因為結束疫情是實現其他的必要條件。
Of course, SDG 3, which is health for all, is in the forefront, because stopping the pandemic is a necessary condition for achieving the rest.
網際網路是中國能夠遏制疫情的一大優勢
圖片來源：視覺中國
我想說的第二個主要方面，我們最近幾個月認識到的一個目標就是普及數位技術和電力的重要性。因為數字世界為我們提供了很多關鍵的工具，不僅可以阻止疫情，還能在這個時期讓我們繼續工作、繼續提供服務比如健康和教育。
I would say that a second major, a goal that we have learned in recent months is the importance of access to digital technology and electricity because it has been the digital world that has provided so many crucial tools for us, for not only stopping the epidemic, but continuing our work and continuing our services like health and education during this period.
所以5G就更加重要了，連通性就更加重要了。
So 5G is all the more important. Connectivity is all the more important.
中國是世界上最大的網際網路用戶，這也是中國能夠遏制疫情的一大優勢。現在有的地方非常需要這種基礎設施，我希望華為和其他公司能夠幫助提供基礎設施，因為它的重要性超越了以往。
And China's the world's biggest internet user, that's been a big feature of being able to contain the epidemic. There are places that need that infrastructure very much now. And I hope that Huawei and others can help to provide it,because this becomes even more important than we recognized in the past.
我認為我們必須要指出一個危機是，由於疫情的影響，數億兒童沒能去上學。我們知道接受教育對他們的未來至關重要，馬雲等人一直在倡導幼兒教育，尤其是在非洲。
Then a crisis that I think is extremely important to note is that because of the pandemic, hundreds of millions of children have not been in school and we know that this is crucial for their future. And Jack Ma among others has been championing education for young children, especially in Africa.
我們現在要想出創新的方法幫助這些孩子們重新趕上，回到校園使用線上學習、數位化學習等等，克服今年疫情帶來的巨大障礙，所以有很多工作要做。
We need to be very creative now to help all of these kids catch up again, to get back to school, and to use online learning, digital learning and so forth in order to overcome the big obstacles that came with the pandemic this year. So there's a lot of work to do.
聯合國精神應該重新回歸
圖片來源：視覺中國
關於全球復甦我想提一下「一帶一路」倡議和歐盟的復甦基金，都是指向新的公共投資，幫助全球復甦。
Then, when we think about the global recovery, I would add that the Belt and Road Initiative and the European Union recovery fund, both point to new public investments to help global recovery.
我希望看到歐洲和中國在這方面共同合作，建立一個歐亞的可持續的基礎設施 可再生能源、能源互聯、電動汽車 、智能交通等等。
And I would like to see Europe and China cooperate on building an Eurasian sustainable infrastructure, renewable energy, energy interconnection, electric vehicles, smart transport and so forth.
我認為公共投資投向中國開拓的這些技術前景非常可觀，如果(中美兩國)合作，歐盟、非洲聯盟以及東協和世界其他地區合作。我們真的可以取得令人難以置信的成就，不僅是遏制疫情，還有利用所有這些新技術、數字世界，使世界變得更美好。確保每個人都可以獲得教育、醫療和其他許多基本服務，這一切在現在都是可能的。
I think there's a big future through public investments in exactly the kinds of technologies that China is pioneering. If we cooperate with the European Union and the African Union and ASEAN and other parts of the world, we really can achieve an incredible amount now, not only to stop this pandemic, but to also use all of these new technologies to make a better world. To ensure that everybody can have access to education, health care, and many other basic services. This is all possible right now.
冷戰是最糟糕的主意，我們最不想看到的就是冷戰。我們需要多邊合作。
The cold war is the worst idea around. It's the last thing we need. We need multilateral cooperation.
中國和美國都是聯合國的創始成員國，另一個重要的聯合國文件——《世界人權宣言》，其中提到了經濟權利、社會權利、文化權利、政治權利、公民權利。
Not only was China together with the United States in the founding of the UN, but if we look at another important UN document - the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it talks about economic, social, cultural, political, civil rights.
中國對這份文件也有非常重要的貢獻，其中有很多儒家思想的體現，因為《世界人權宣言》的起草人之一是一位偉大的中國學者，他曾在哥倫比亞大學接受高等教育。
This is also a document that was made with very important Chinese input. It's got a lot of Confucian ideas in it, because one of the great scholars contributed to it. He was often called one of the main authors of the Universal Declaration and was a great Chinese scholar, also trained in part at my university - Columbia University.
我覺得我們應該一起做的事情太多了。我個人認為，中國現在是世界上最偉大的文明之一，中國可以貢獻的非常多，給聯合國精神注入新的活力。我們應該利用這個機會，重新回歸於聯合國的核心理念，即人類的尊嚴、和平和可持續發展。
So I think there's so much we should do together. And I personally believeChina is one of the world's great civilizations. It has so much to offer. And the UN is exactly the spirit in which this can be offered, that we should use this occasion to re-dedicate ourselves to the very core of the UN, which is human dignity, peace and sustainable development.
這些都是偉大的概念，在這些概念上各國沒有任何分歧，各國都完全認同這些概念。因此，我們應該共同努力實現這些概念。
These are great concepts. Nothing divides our countries on those concepts. They are completely shared concepts for everybody. And so we should work together to achieve them.
美國現在是非常反合作的
圖片來源：視覺中國
現在的情況非常危險，這主要是美國政客和一些美國官員造成的。他們是非常極端的民族主義者，他們認為美國需要消除全球範圍的競爭，美國必須是全球主導國家，許多美國人認為做全球主導國家是上帝賦予美國人的權利。
The situation is very dangerous and it's mostly the result of US politicians and some US officials who are very extremely nationalistic. And they take the view that the United States needs to be without any global competition and has to be the dominant country in the world. And many Americans believe that this is somehow even a God-given right of Americans to be the dominant country.
這是一個非常危險的想法，因為未來的世界應該是共同繁榮的世界。
It's a very dangerous idea, because we should be looking for a world in which prosperity is shared everywhere.
一個簡單的數字現實是中國越來越繁榮，因為中國的人口比美國多，它將成為一個比美國更大的經濟體。這並不會讓我擔心，共同繁榮是正常的。
And it's a simple arithmetical fact that as China becomes more prosperous, because there are more people in China than in the United States, it will become a bigger economy than the United States. That's not something I worry about. This is just natural that prosperity is shared.
中國當然會成為最大的經濟體，因為中國人口最多，還有印度，而且收入也在迅速上升。但這讓很多美國政客思維上陷入混亂，尤其是川普，他是一個非常狂熱的民族主義者，一切圍繞美國，與世界無關，這就是反應。在我看來這非常危險，破壞性非常高。
Of course, China will be the largest economy, because it has the most people, together with India, and has a rapidly rising income. But this has made a lot of American politicians very disorganized in their thinking. And especially if you are like Trump, who is a very virulent nationalist. It's only America. It's not about the world. This is the reaction. It's, in my opinion, very dangerous and very destructive.
但與此同時中國不應該過度陷入與美國的論戰，因為聯合國有193個國家，也就是說除了美國和中國之外，還有191個國家。
But in the meantime, I don't think that China should also be pulled into the American controversy so much, because there are 193 countries in the UN and that means other than the US and China, there are 191 other countries.
我主張中國與這191個國家搞好關係，因為這會讓中國所面對的世界更好更安全。
And I would urge China to have good relations with those other 191 countries, because that will make the world safer and make the world better for China, too.
我們需要合作，而美國現在是非常抗拒合作的、反合作的，但我不希望中國也因此變得抗拒合作。我希望中國能加強與其他國家的合作，這樣能凸顯出與另一個國家的不同。美國說美國優先，但是中國說全世界一起，我認為這才是正確的做法。
We need cooperation. And the United States is in a very non-cooperative mood right now - anti-cooperative, but I wouldn't let that provoke China to become anti-cooperative also. I would rather see China become even more cooperative with other countries to point out the difference with the behaviour of one country that says America first, but China says the whole world together. And I think that this is the right approach.
我們面臨著非常複雜的挑戰應該用理性和嚴肅的態度來應對，不管是新冠疫情或者是氣候變化、消除貧困，目標應該是通過理性的合作來解決這些問題。
Well, we face a very complex challenge and we should approach them with rationality and with seriousness. And so if it's COVID-19, or if it's climate change, or if it's fighting poverty, the goal should be to solve these problems through rational cooperation.
而理性的合作意味著透徹的分析，然後合作執行。新冠疫情不是引發衝突的機會，而是合作的機會。 我們需要控制住這種病毒，遏制住各地的疫情，我們只有合作行動，才能解決這些問題。
And rational cooperation means good analysis, and then cooperative implementation. COVID-19 is not a case for conflict. It's a case for cooperation. We need to end this virus, get it under control everywhere.This kind of change can only be solved if we're acting cooperatively.
問題是像川普這樣的政客想要挑起恐懼和仇恨，不幸的是，在人類的本性中很多人都有可能被這樣的情緒裹挾，然後情況就會變得非常危險。
And so, the problem is when politicians like Trump, try to stir up fear and hate. Unfortunately, in our human nature, it's possible to do that with many people. And then the situation can be very dangerous.
我希望我們很快就有機會重新建立正常的、積極的關係，我建議我們兩個國家美國和中國全年都在非常專業的層面上、在所有具有共同利益的問題上合作，不僅僅是一年一次的G20會議，美國、中國、歐盟以及其他想要合作的國家堅持不懈地、專業地、集中地來解決問題，因為如果我們這樣做地球上幾乎沒有什麼問題是我們不能共同解決的。
I'm hoping that we'll have the opportunity soon to reset normal, constructive relations. And what I would recommend is serious work as our two countries, the United States and China, round the year, at a very professional level, working together on all of the issues of common interest, not just a meeting at the G20 once a year, but the US, China, European Union, and others who want to partner cooperative, ongoing, professional intensive problem solving. Because if we did that, there's hardly a problem on the planet that we couldn't solve together.
「中國是一個有侵略性的國家？太荒謬了！」
圖片來源：新華社
我注意到中國在現代歷史和傳統中比世界上任何其他國家都要穩定，例如在過去的四十年裡，中國沒有參與過任何海外戰爭，在那之前有一場短暫的戰爭。
Well, I personally take note of the fact that China in its modern history and in its tradition has been a stable country for longer than any other place in the world. And it has not in the last forty years,for example, been engaged in any war overseas, and one brief war before that.
與此同時，自1980年以來美國大概參與了十幾場戰爭，所以毫無疑問我們可以擁有一個和平的世界。和平符合中國的利益，也符合美國的利益。
But in the meantime, the United States has been engaged in probably about a dozen wars since 1980. So I think that there's no question that we can have a peaceful world, and that it is in China's interest for peace, and it's in America's interest for peace also.
人們聲稱中國是一個有侵略性的國家，這太荒謬了，照照鏡子吧。
And when people claim that China's an aggressive country, well, that's ridiculous. I say, look in the mirror.
而且我們要明白我們不應該互相指責，我們應該建設性地討論問題。
And let's understand that we shouldn't be making accusations, we should be constructively discussing issues.
不幸的是，在過去的四十年裡美國發動的戰爭超過其他大國，這是個大問題，因為戰爭根本沒有解決任何引起這些衝突的政治問題，因此通過軍事手段看待政治問題是一種糟糕的、過時的政策。
And the US has launched a lot more wars, unfortunately, in the last 40 years than any other major power. And that's a big problem, because war has not solved any of the political problems that led to those conflicts at all. So it's just a bad, outdated, antiquated policy to view political issues through military means.
問題是當這種非常激烈的言論出現時，我們可能最終會陷入非常危險的軍備競賽，可能最終會發生意外衝突。
The problem is that when you have this kind of very heated rhetoric, we can end up in a very dangerous arms race, and we can end up with accidental confrontations.
所有這些都讓我非常擔心，因為上一次冷戰，美蘇冷戰，這一時期非常危險，也是人類精力的巨大浪費。它導致了很多衝突，有幾次差點演變成全球性的災難，所以我們不想再次朝那段歷史發展。
All of this worries me a lot, because the last cold war that we had, the United States with the Soviet Union, was a very dangerous period, and a huge waste of human effort. And it led to a lot of conflict and on a couple of occasions to near complete global disaster. So we don't want to go anywhere close to that history again.
我為我教過的中國學生感到驕傲
圖片來源：新華社
「大學「這個詞代表天地萬物包羅萬象，所以在大學裡全球合作非常普遍。在大學幾百年、幾千年的歷史中，大學之間都是相互聯繫的。
University means the universe. It means that everything included. And so at a university, global cooperation is very normal. And throughout the history of universities for hundreds of years, in fact, thousands of years, universities have been connected with each other.
我擔任聯合國一個項目的負責人，是由大學組成的項目叫做可持續發展解決方案網絡。很多中國的大學都參與了這個項目，這很正常。
And I direct for the United Nations, a network of universities called the Sustainable Development Solutions Network that has many Chinese universities as partners, for example, and this is normal.
但是後來，川普等極端民族主義者想要阻止這種合作。他們說中國正在拿走我們的技術，好像那是美國的技術，而不是全世界的。好像限制籤證就能阻止技術的傳播，這個過程充滿了危險和自我毀滅，因為我們需要相互聯繫。
But then as part of this very, very bad idea of the extreme nationalism of Trump, they're trying to stop this kind of cooperation right now because they say, China's taking our technology, as if it's American technology rather than world know-how. And as if somehow you can stop the spread of knowledge by shutting a visa. It's a very self-defeating and dangerous process because we need the interconnections.
我為四十年來我教過的中國學生感到驕傲，他們現在都是金融或者其他行業的高層，他們讓我非常驕傲。我第一次見到他們的時候，他們是非常友善的年輕人，現在他們年紀增長，但依然非常友善而且非常非常成功。因此，學術交流是一個很好的接觸點。
I'm so proud of my students that I've had from China for four decades who are now senior officials and leaders in finance and in other sectors. And they make me very proud. They were extremely nice young people when I first met them. Now they're extremely nice older people and very, very successful. And so this has been one of the great points of contact.
來源：中國日報