2020中考英語英語語法總複習代詞
(一) 知識概要
英語中代詞可以分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請看下表
人稱 我 你 他 她 它 我們 你們 他們
主格 i you he she it we you they
賓格 me you him her it us you them
物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請看下表
人稱 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他們的
形容詞性 my your his her its ours your they
名詞性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代詞可見下表
人稱 我 你 他 她 它 我們 你們 他們
反身代詞 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves
指示代詞主要有this, that, these, those
疑問代詞有：who, whom whose, what, which,
還有疑問副詞when, how, where, why。
不定代詞在初中課本中主要有some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…
(二) 正誤辨析
［誤］Tom's mother is taller than my.
［正］Tom's mother is taller than mine.
［析］形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語，也就是講它可以作形容詞，如：my book，而這句話的意思是：湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對象是my mother,也就是mine。
［誤］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.
［正］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.
［析］在應用代詞時，要注意人稱，格與數的一致性。這裡it所代替的是不可數名詞homework， 所以應用it。
［誤］He and you should go to the library to return the books.
［正］You and he should go to the library to return the books.
［析］這主要是英語習慣上的用法。當兩個以上的人稱代詞並列時其排列順序一般為you, he, she, I,而複數時為we, you， they:如男女並列時，應先男後女，如：He and she …如果在表示不好意思，承擔責任時，單數時用，I, he, she, you, 複數時用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.
You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.
We, you and they have been there before.
I, he and you have to pay for it.
［誤］He or his brother is doing their homework.
［正］He or his brother is doing his homework.
［析］由either…or, neither…nor, or 連接兩個主語時，如果兩主語是單數時，用單數代詞，如兩主語是複數時，用複數代詞，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一單一復兩名詞時，一般將單數名詞放在前，複數名詞放在後，要用複數代詞，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.
［誤］His brother is taller than him.
［正］His brother is taller than he.
［析］than是連詞，其後應視為省略句，than he is.所以要注意區分其主格與賓格的用法。
I like you as much as she.
［正］I like you as much as her.
［析］as…as 其後也應看作是省略句。應為as I like her.所以應用賓格。而第一句應譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對的但含義不同。
［誤］Myself did it yesterday.
［正］I myself did it yesterday.
［正］I did it myself yesterday.
［析］反身代詞不可作主語，但可以用作主語的同位語。
［誤］Take care of ourselves.
［正］Take care of yourselves .(yourself)
［析］祈始句的主語應看作第二人稱you.
［誤］Please bring your daughter with yourself.
［正］Please bring your daughter with you.
［析］反身代詞不能作介詞賓語，除非是由不及物動詞與介詞組成的動詞短語，如： The old woman spoke to herself.
(三) 例題解析
1 These are ＿＿＿books. Yours are over there.
A I B my C me D mine
2 —＿＿＿ is she?
— She is a teacher.
A What B How C Who D Where
3＿＿＿ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped＿＿＿.
A Something, working B Something, to work
C Any thing, working D Anything, to work
4 Mary, help ＿＿＿to the bananas, please.
A you B your C yourself D yourselves
5 —＿＿＿ do you go to school every day?
— By bus.
A How B Why C When D Where
6 My skirt is＿＿＿ popular than＿＿＿.
A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers
7 — Can you speak English?
— Yes, but only＿＿＿.
A few B a few C little D a little
8 Mr. Smith is an old friend of＿＿＿.
A I B me C my D mine
9 「 ＿＿＿do you hear from your parents?」
「About once a month.」
A How long B How many
C How often D How much
10 Mr Green wouldn't say ＿＿＿at the meeting.
A everything B nothing C anything D something
11 「Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ＿＿＿to eat.」
「Good idea!」
A anything nice B nice anything
C something nice D nice something
12 — When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?
— I don't mind. ＿＿＿time is OK.
A Some B Neither C Either D Both
13 This is not her kite, but＿＿＿.
A he's B him C he D his
14 Don't worry, Mum! ＿＿＿ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.
A No B Many C Those D Two
15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has ＿＿＿apples than he.
A few B many C more D fewer
16 There isn't ＿＿＿in today's newspaper.
A anything interesting
B something interesting
C nothing interesting
D interesting anything
17 September 10th is＿＿＿ Day?
A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'
18 — In England, people eat a lot of 「takeaway」 food. What about people in your country?
—＿＿＿
A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.
19 — Shall we go into that shop and have a look?
— Sorry. I won't. I have ＿＿＿to do there.
A everything B anything C something D nothing
20— Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?
—＿＿＿ Sam ＿＿＿Bruce. It was the cat.
A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or
21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.＿＿＿are climbing the hill.
A Others B Other C Another D The other
22 She is not a nurse. I'm not＿＿＿.
A also B either C neither D too
23 I have two pencils. One is red,＿＿＿ is blue.
A the other B another C others D the others
24 Sorry, I can't answer your question.
I know ＿＿＿about the subject.
A little B a little C few D a few
25 My sister doesn't like skating＿＿＿.
A So do I B So I don't
C Neither I don't D Neither do I
26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,＿＿＿.
A you, he and I B I, you and he
C he, I and you D you, I and he
27 All the students are busy, so＿＿＿of them will go to the concert.
A many B little C a few D few
28 The teacher gave ＿＿＿student a new book.
A nobody B both C each D any
29 Black is neither a teacher ＿＿＿a worker.
A or B either C nor D and
30 Our teacher gave us＿＿＿on studying.
A many advices B some advices
C an advice D some advice
31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One ＿＿＿is from Japan, is from America.
A other B others C the other D the others
32 Are there ＿＿＿on the table?
A some cups B any cup C some cup D any cups
33 I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, ＿＿＿are American stamps.
A the other B the others C other D others
34 It was＿＿＿ fine day that they went to the park.
A a so B so a C such a D a such
35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. So＿＿＿people liked taking trains.
A little B a little C few D a few
36 We must help and understand each＿＿＿.
A other B another C others D the other
37 ＿＿＿is difficult to walk on the moon.
A Man B One C That D It
38 Jane has sent several letters, but ＿＿＿of them have been answered.
A all B both C either D none
39 I don't know ＿＿＿about the new headmaster.
A something B everything C nothing D anything
40＿＿＿ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.
A No B None C Not D Neither
1［答案］B.
［析］這裡應用形容詞性物主代詞。
2［答案］A.
［析］這裡的四個疑問詞放在問句中全都成立，但其意義不同。What is she?應譯為「她的工作是什麼?」或「她是
做什麼的?」而How is she?應譯為「她身體如何?」而Who is she?應譯為「她是誰?」其答語應為「她叫什麼名字。」
而Where is she?應為「她在什麼地方?」由答語決定了這道題的選擇。
3［答案］A.
［析］因為是肯定句所以應用Something,其後由於錶停止工作了，則stop後要用動名詞。
4［答案］C.
［析］help oneself to something為「自己拿某物」。yourself為「你一個人」，而yourselves為「你們」。
5［答案］A.
［析］這題的答案是由問句決定的。
6［答案］D.
［析］因會講某種語言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可數名詞對待，此答語為：是的，但僅僅會講一點。
7［答案］D.
［析］因句中有than,所以應選用比較級，而than後要選用名詞性物主代詞。
8［答案］D.
［析］這裡應選名詞性物主代詞，這也是英語的一種習慣用法，而不要選擇my。
9［答案］C.
［析］How often問的是某一動作發生的頻率，即在單位時間內發生多少次。
10［答案］C.
［析］在否定句中應用anything
11［答案］C.
［析］肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應放其後而不要放在其前面。
12［答案］C.
［析］因如選用both則名詞要用複數名詞，也要用複數謂語動詞，由於答語前有I don't mind 則決定不能選擇neither.
13［答案］D.
［析］要注意「他的」名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。
14［答案］A.
［析］這是一條諺語，即沒有消息就是好消息。
15［答案］C.
［析］由於是比較級，根據題意應選「多於」而不是「少於」。
16［答案］A.
［析］由於句子是否定句，應選擇anything，而且不定代詞的修飾語應放在其後面。
17［答案］D.
［析］教師節Teachers' Day,兒童節 Children's Day, 婦女節 Women's Day
18［答案］C.
［析］在答語中用簡略方式表達上文的一個動作同樣適用於另一個主語時，則要採用倒裝句，但如果僅僅是對上句
的重複則不要倒裝。
19［答案］D.
［析］這個答案的選擇應由上下兩句對話內容作出決定。
20［答案］C.
［析］neither…nor意為既不……也不……
21［答案］A.
［析］這裡因為是代替複數名詞，所以應用名詞性的複數代名詞。
22［答案］B.
［析］在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.
23［答案］A.
［析］兩者中的另一個應為特指。而且應為單數形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數代名詞。others是泛指複數代
名詞，而the others是特指複數代名詞。
24［答案］A.
［析］中文講我對此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。
25［答案］D.
［析］這是表達上面否定句中的動作，也同樣不適合
於第二個人。所以要用neither,並要採用倒裝句。
26［答案］A.
［析］這是若干人稱代詞並列時的順序問題。請參看辨析中的例子。
27［答案］D.
［析］student為可數名詞。
28［答案］C.
［析］both其後的名詞應為複數，而any用於疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數可數名詞。
29［答案］C.
［析］neither…nor為「既不……也不……」的固定搭配。
30［答案］D.
［析］advice為不可數名詞。some可用於可數或不可數名詞之前。
31［答案］C.
［析］因為是兩者中的一個，所以另一個應用單數特指代詞。
32［答案］D.
［析］此句是疑問句，應用any cups, 因提問時的be動詞用的是are。
33［答案］B.
［析］此空應填入主語。又因其範圍已定，所以應選特指的代名詞。the other只能用作單數，而others是泛指複數
代名詞，故只能選B。
34［答案］C.
［析］在單數可數名詞前可以有兩種表達法，即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數名詞單數形式，如：such a good day，
或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+可數名詞單數，如：so good a day.
35［答案］C.
［析］這是英文的表達法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數人喜歡坐火車，英文要選用「few」。
36［答案］A.
［析］each other意為「互相」，是習慣用語。
37［答案］D.
［析］這裡的真正主語應為不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主語只能用it.
38［答案］D.
［析］several letters意為「若干信件」，應看作多於兩者，則在A、D中作選擇，僅D符合句意。
39［答案］D.
［析］否定句中應用anything.
40［答案］B.