近日，柯林斯詞典（Collins Dictionary）公布了2020年度詞彙：Lockdown（封鎖）。
Lockdown這一詞，柯林斯詞典官方給出的釋義為：the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces. 指的是對出行、社交和進入公共場所實行嚴格限制。
據了解，疫情以來，Lockdown一詞的使用率較上一年增加了60倍。此外，social distancing（社交距離）、self-isolate（自我隔離）和coronavirus（冠狀病毒）等疫情相關詞彙，也被進入了2020年度熱詞榜單前十名。
Covid-19: 'Lockdown' declared Collins Dictionary word of the year
BBC
"Lockdown" has been declared the word of the year for 2020 by Collins Dictionary, after a sharp rise in its usage during the pandemic.
It "encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people", Collins said.
Lexicographers registered more than 250,000 usages of "lockdown" during 2020, up from just 4,000 last year.
Other pandemic-linked terms on the 10-strong list include "furlough", "key worker", "self-isolate" and "social distancing" as well as "coronavirus".
According to the dictionary, lockdown is defined as "the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces".
It came into common parlance as governments around the world responded to the spread of Covid-19 in early 2020 by placing strict measure to stop transmission of the virus.
Non-virus related words to make the list reflect the social and political upheavals of 2020.
Following the death of the unarmed black man George Floyd in the US the abbreviation "BLM", for the Black Lives Matter movement, features having registered a 581% increase in usage, according to Collins.
"Megxit", the term modelled on the word Brexit which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties also makes the list.
Social media also plays its part with "TikToker", describing someone who shares content on platform TikTok and "mukbang" - a term originating in South Korea which describes a host who broadcasts videos of themselves eating large quantities of food.
Helen Newstead, language content consultant at Collins, said: "Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic.
"Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialize.
"With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world."
Last year's Collins word of the year was "climate strike", marking a year in which 17-year-old Greta Thunberg led a global environmental movement.
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註：中文文本為機器翻譯僅供參考，並非一一對應
含注釋全文：
Covid-19: 'Lockdown' declared Collins Dictionary word of the year
BBC
"Lockdown" has been declared the word of the year for 2020 by Collins Dictionary, after a sharp rise in its usage during the pandemic.
因在疫情期間的使用率急劇上升，《柯林斯詞典》（Collins Dictionary）宣布Lockdown（封鎖）一詞為2020年的年度詞彙。
It "encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people", Collins said.
柯林斯官方表示，它「承載了數十億人的共同經歷」。
encapsulate /ɪnˈkæpsjʊˌleɪt/ 表示「扼要表述；壓縮；概括」，英文解釋為「To encapsulate particular facts or ideas means to represent all their most important aspects in a very small space or in a single object or event.」舉個🌰：
A Wall Street Journal editorial encapsulated the views of many conservatives.
《華爾街日報》的一篇社論概括了很多保守派人士的觀點。
Lexicographers registered more than 250,000 usages of "lockdown" during 2020, up from just 4,000 last year.
詞典記錄顯示，2020年Lockdown一詞被使用超過25萬次，而去年僅為4,000次。
lexicographer /ˌleksɪˈkɒɡrəfə(r)/ 表示「詞典編纂者」，英文解釋為「a person who writes and edits dictionaries」。
熟詞僻義，表示「顯示（讀數）；記錄」，英文解釋為「if a measuring instrument registers an amount or sth registers an amount on a measuring instrument, the instrument shows or records that amount」舉個🌰：
The thermometer registered 25°C.
溫度計顯示讀數為25攝氏度。
📍register一詞，我們常見的含義是註冊，登記。政府工作報告中也經常會出現這個詞，比如今年2020政府工作報告中提到的：
Advanced manufacturing and modern services registered rapid growth.以及2018年報告中提到的：
國內生產總值從54萬億元增加到82.7萬億元，年均增長7.1%，China's gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent;都有「顯示；指示；表達」的含義（to record, show, or express something）。
Other pandemic-linked terms on the 10-strong list include "furlough", "key worker", "self-isolate" and "social distancing" as well as "coronavirus".
其它在榜單前十的與疫情有關的詞彙包括、furlough（強制休假）、key worker（關鍵崗位員工）、self-isolate（自我隔離）、social distancing（社交距離）和以及coronavirus（冠狀病毒）。
furlough /ˈfɜːləʊ/ 柯林斯詞典給出的上榜釋義是：a temporary laying-off of employees, usually because there is insufficient work to occupy them. 指的是臨時性裁員，通常是因為沒有足夠的工作可做。
furlough本身作名詞表示「（員工或軍人的）休假，探親假」，英文解釋為「a period of time that a worker or a soldier is allowed to be absent, especially to return temporarily to their own town or country」。
作動詞，表示「準許…休假；強制…休假」，英文解釋為「to allow or force someone to be absent temporarily from work」，舉個🌰：
After safety concerns, the company furloughed all 50 of its employees.
出於安全考慮，該公司強制所有的50名僱員休假。
According to the dictionary, lockdown is defined as "the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces".
根據詞典的定義，Lockdown是指「對出行、社交和進入公共場所實行嚴格限制」。
表示「（新法律或體系的）實施」，英文解釋為「the introduction of a new law or system」，如：the imposition of the death penalty 實施死刑。
stringent /ˈstrɪndʒənt/ 表示「嚴格的；嚴厲的」，英文解釋為「very strict and that must be obeyed」，如：stringent air quality regulations 嚴格的空氣品質管理條例。
It came into common parlance as governments around the world responded to the spread of Covid-19 in early 2020 by placing strict measure to stop transmission of the virus.
2020年初，世界各國政府為了應對Covid-19的傳播，採取了嚴格的措施來阻止病毒的傳播，它也就成了通用語。
parlance /ˈpɑːləns/ 表示「說法，用語；術語」，英文解釋為「a group of words or style of speaking used by a particular group of people」。
Non-virus related words to make the list reflect the social and political upheavals of 2020.
與病毒無關的詞語上榜，反映了2020年的社會和政治動蕩。
表示「劇變；激變；動亂；動蕩」，英文解釋為「a big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems」如：a period of emotional upheaval 情緒波動很大的時期。
Following the death of the unarmed black man George Floyd in the US the abbreviation "BLM", for the Black Lives Matter movement, features having registered a 581% increase in usage, according to Collins.
據柯林斯，手無寸鐵的美國黑人喬治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）去世後，黑人的命也是命（Black Lives Matter）運動的縮寫「BLM」的使用率也增加了581%。
"Megxit", the term modelled on the word Brexit which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties also makes the list.
Megxit，這個詞仿照Brexit，用來表示蘇塞克斯公爵和公爵夫人放棄英國皇室職責，也上榜了。
表示「模仿；仿照」，英文解釋為「to make sth so that it looks, works, etc. like sth else」舉個🌰：
The country's parliament is modelled on the British system.
這個國家的議會是模仿英國的體制建立的。
原句："Megxit", the term modelled on the word Brexit which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties also makes the list.
拆解："Megxit", the term [(modelled on the word Brexit) which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties] also makes the list.
主語："Megxit", the term（同位語）
謂語+賓語：make (the list).
主句：Megxit (also) makes the list. Megxit這個詞也上榜了。
哪個詞？the term (that was) modelled on the word Brexit 仿造Brexit構造的詞。
仿造Brexit構造的詞怎麼了？
定語從句：Megxit (...) which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, 被用來表示蘇塞克斯公爵和公爵夫人退出英國王室。
Social media also plays its part with "TikToker", describing someone who shares content on platform TikTok and "mukbang" - a term originating in South Korea which describes a host who broadcasts videos of themselves eating large quantities of food.
社交媒體也發揮了它的作用，TikToker描述的是在TikTok平臺上分享內容的人。mukbang--這個詞起源於韓國，描述的是在視頻直播中吃大量食物的人。
mukbang表示「吃播，直播吃飯」來自韓語 meokneun 吃飯和 bangsong 播放的結合。
Helen Newstead, language content consultant at Collins, said: "Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic.
柯林斯詞典的語言內容顧問海倫·紐斯特德（Helen Newstead）說，「語言是我們周圍世界的反映，2020年已經被全球疫情所主導。」
"Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialize.
「封鎖已經影響了我們的工作、學習、購物和社交方式。」
"With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world."
「許多國家進入第二次封鎖，這不是一個值得慶祝的年度詞彙，但對於世界上大多數人來說，它也許是一個總結今年的詞彙。「
Last year's Collins word of the year was "climate strike", marking a year in which 17-year-old Greta Thunberg led a global environmental movement.
去年的柯林斯年度詞彙是「Climate Strike「（氣候罷工），標誌著17歲的格蕾塔·桑伯格（Greta Thunberg）在這一年引領了一場全球環保運動。
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