按：谷歌停止向華為提供安卓系統升級服務成為最近的熱點，國內有不少對此的分析文章，華為創始人任正非也接受採訪直面回應這個問題，這裡摘譯一篇國外的報導，主要從技術層面解釋此事件對華為的影響，供大家參考。 希望華為能挺過難關，助力中國技術崛起。
Google has cut off Huawei from its Androidservices because of Trump’s blacklist, but what does that mean for your phone?
由於被川普政府列入黑名單，谷歌宣布停止向華為提供安卓系統服務，你知道這對你的智慧型手機有何影響嗎？
Donald Trump’s blacklisting of Huawei inthe escalating trade war between the US and China is now starting to causesignificant issues for the world’s second-largest smartphone manufacturer.
川普政府將華為列入黑名單，加劇了兩國間本已緊張的貿易戰，現在直接將目標對準世界第二大智慧型手機生產商，引得人們議論紛紛。
Alongside US chip manufacturers, Google hasbeen forced to comply with the US government’s ban on the supply oftechnologies to Huawei.
除了美國晶片商之外，谷歌也被迫遵從美國政府的禁令，終止向華為提供技術。
What has happened?事件回顧
Google has ceased providing softwareand support to Huawei as part of Trump’s blacklisting of the company andaffiliates.
川普政府將華為及其附屬公司列入黑名單，谷歌遵從政府禁令停止向華為提供軟體和相關支持。
What does that mean? 事件的後果
The Android used on smartphonesand tablets is made of multiple layers of software. In the west, broadlyspeaking these software layers are stacked from top to bottom like this:
在智慧型手機和平板電腦上使用的安卓系統由多層軟體組成。在西方，這些多層軟體基本上可以自上而下分成下面幾部分：
● User interface, which is the part users interact with, called Emotion UI (EMUI) for Huawei or Magic UI for Honor.
用戶界面: 即用戶接觸的部分，華為手機上稱為 Emotion UI (EMUI)， 榮耀手機上稱為Magic UI。
● Google services – Google Play and the various Google apps (Gmail etc).
谷歌服務— Google play 和多種穀歌app 應用程式（如Gmail）
● Android operating system.
安卓作業系統
● System software that controls the various bits of hardware of the phone.
控制手機硬體更重信息的系統軟體
● Google has been forced to cut off Huawei from the Google services part of Android for new devices, which also includes earlier access to software updates.
谷歌現已停止向華為新設備提供部分安卓服務功能，包括對軟體的更新。Does that mean Huawei can no longer useAndroid at all?
這是否意味著華為不能再使用安卓系統了？
No. The underlying Android operating systemis open source, called the Android Open Source Project (AOSP), and can be usedby anyone. AOSP is updated in step with Google’s version of Android, on whichit is built.
不。基礎的安卓作業系統是開源模式的，稱為安卓開源資源計劃（AOSP），任何人都可以使用。ASOP在谷歌安卓系統基礎上建立，並與其同步更新。
But it does mean Huawei has to supply itsown updates from AOSP to the version of Android running on its phones, ratherthan Google’s updates. This is what the company has to do for its smartphonessold in China, which do not have Google’s various services.
但是這意味著華為須自行從AOSP上更新其運行在手機上的安卓系統，而不是依靠谷歌來提供。由於在中國之前也沒有谷歌的服務功能，因此公司採用這種方法能解決封禁的問題。
It also means all the new additions Googlehas steadily been making to Android via its Google Play Services framework willno longer be available to Huawei for its western phones.
當然這樣一來，對於西方華為用戶來說，他們將無法從Google Play服務整體框架中對安卓系統進行更新。
What does this mean for Huawei? 華為的處境
The firm shipped more than 59m smartphonesin the first quarter of 2019 – all running Android. China representsapproximately half of Huawei’s smartphone sales, which means half of itsconsumer business is now at risk. Huawei’s consumer business accounted for45.1% of the firm’s revenue in 2018.
華為在2019年第一季度共售出5900萬臺智慧型手機，所有華為手機都使用安卓系統。中國市場越佔華為智慧型手機銷量的半壁江山，這也意味著一半的華為用戶可能遭遇風險。2018年，華為消費者業務佔公司總收入的45.1%。
What can Huawei do?華為的對策
Huawei has long said it has a 「plan B」, andit has been working on its own operating system, which is already in use on itssmartwatches. But a smartphone without Google services and apps will be anincredibly hard sell to consumers outside of China.
華為一直宣稱公司擁有「B 計劃」，並且致力於開發自主的作業系統，這一系統已運用於其智能手錶上。但是如果沒有谷歌服務和應用程式，智慧型手機在中國以外的銷售將非常困難。
The ban is also likely to cripple Huawei’scomputer business, including the MateBook line of laptops, which not only useUS-made chips from Intel and others, but Microsoft’s Windows. Microsoft will bein a similar position to Google on software supply, except that no materialpart of Windows 10 is open source.
這個禁令也可能沉重打擊華為的計算機業務，包括筆記本電腦MateBook, 這款產品不僅使用Intel 等美國公司的晶片，而且使用微軟windows 作業系統。而微軟應該會和谷歌等公司一樣採取行動限制軟體供應。
原文摘自英國《衛報》
翻譯：陳延峰
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