mall項目中的商品搜索功能,一直都沒有做實時數據同步。最近發現阿里巴巴開源的canal可以把MySQL中的數據實時同步到Elasticsearch中,能很好地解決數據同步問題。今天我們來講講canal的使用,希望對大家有所幫助!
canal簡介canal主要用途是對MySQL資料庫增量日誌進行解析,提供增量數據的訂閱和消費,簡單說就是可以對MySQL的增量數據進行實時同步,支持同步到MySQL、Elasticsearch、HBase等數據存儲中去。
canal工作原理canal會模擬MySQL主庫和從庫的交互協議,從而偽裝成MySQL的從庫,然後向MySQL主庫發送dump協議,MySQL主庫收到dump請求會向canal推送binlog,canal通過解析binlog將數據同步到其他存儲中去。
canal工作原理圖canal使用接下來我們來學習下canal的使用,以MySQL實時同步數據到Elasticsearch為例。
組件下載首先我們需要下載canal的各個組件canal-server、canal-adapter、canal-admin,下載地址:https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releasescanal的各個組件的用途各不相同,下面分別介紹下:
canal-server(canal-deploy):可以直接監聽MySQL的binlog,把自己偽裝成MySQL的從庫,只負責接收數據,並不做處理。canal-adapter:相當於canal的客戶端,會從canal-server中獲取數據,然後對數據進行同步,可以同步到MySQL、Elasticsearch和HBase等存儲中去。canal-admin:為canal提供整體配置管理、節點運維等面向運維的功能,提供相對友好的WebUI操作界面,方便更多用戶快速和安全的操作。由於不同版本的MySQL、Elasticsearch和canal會有兼容性問題,所以我們先對其使用版本做個約定。
應用埠版本MySQL33065.7Elasticsearch92007.6.2Kibanba56017.6.2canal-server111111.1.15canal-adapter80811.1.15canal-admin80891.1.15MySQL配置由於canal是通過訂閱MySQL的binlog來實現數據同步的,所以我們需要開啟MySQL的binlog寫入功能,並設置binlog-format為ROW模式,我的配置文件為/mydata/mysql/conf/my.cnf,改為如下內容即可;[mysqld]
## 設置server_id,同一區域網中需要唯一
server_id=101
## 指定不需要同步的資料庫名稱
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
## 開啟二進位日誌功能
log-bin=mall-mysql-bin
## 設置二進位日誌使用內存大小(事務)
binlog_cache_size=1M
## 設置使用的二進位日誌格式(mixed,statement,row)
binlog_format=row
## 二進位日誌過期清理時間。默認值為0,表示不自動清理。
expire_logs_days=7
## 跳過主從複製中遇到的所有錯誤或指定類型的錯誤,避免slave端複製中斷。
## 如:1062錯誤是指一些主鍵重複,1032錯誤是因為主從資料庫數據不一致
slave_skip_errors=1062
配置完成後需要重新啟動MySQL,重啟成功後通過如下命令查看binlog是否啟用;show variables like '%log_bin%'+---+--+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---+--+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_basename | /var/lib/mysql/mall-mysql-bin |
| log_bin_index | /var/lib/mysql/mall-mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---+--+show variables like 'binlog_format%';++--+
| Variable_name | Value |
++--+
| binlog_format | ROW |
++--+
接下來需要創建一個擁有從庫權限的帳號,用於訂閱binlog,這裡創建的帳號為canal:canal;CREATE USER canal IDENTIFIED BY 'canal';
GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
創建好測試用的資料庫canal-test,之後創建一張商品表product,建表語句如下。CREATE TABLE `product` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`title` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`sub_title` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`price` decimal(10, 2) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`pic` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 2 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
canal-server使用將我們下載好的壓縮包canal.deployer-1.1.5-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz上傳到Linux伺服器,然後解壓到指定目錄/mydata/canal-server,可使用如下命令解壓;tar -zxvf canal.deployer-1.1.5-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz├── bin
│ ├── restart.sh
│ ├── startup.bat
│ ├── startup.sh
│ └── stop.sh
├── conf
│ ├── canal_local.properties
│ ├── canal.properties
│ └── example
│ └── instance.properties
├── lib
├── logs
│ ├── canal
│ │ └── canal.log
│ └── example
│ ├── example.log
│ └── example.log
└── plugin
修改配置文件conf/example/instance.properties,按如下配置即可,主要是修改資料庫相關配置;# 需要同步數據的MySQL地址
canal.instance.master.address=127.0.0.1:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=
# 用於同步數據的資料庫帳號
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
# 用於同步數據的資料庫密碼
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
# 資料庫連接編碼
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# 需要訂閱binlog的表過濾正則表達式
canal.instance.filter.regex=.*\\..*
使用startup.sh腳本啟動canal-server服務;sh bin/startup.shtail -f logs/canal/canal.log2020-10-26 16:18:13.354 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalController - ## start the canal server[172.17.0.1(172.17.0.1):11111]
2020-10-26 16:18:19.978 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.deployer.CanalStarter - ## the canal server is running now .
啟動成功後可使用如下命令查看instance日誌信息;tail -f logs/example/example.log2020-10-26 16:18:16.056 [main] INFO c.a.o.c.i.spring.support.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer - Loading properties file from class path resource [canal.properties]
2020-10-26 16:18:16.061 [main] INFO c.a.o.c.i.spring.support.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer - Loading properties file from class path resource [example/instance.properties]
2020-10-26 16:18:18.259 [main] INFO c.a.otter.canal.instance.spring.CanalInstanceWithSpring - start CannalInstance for 1-example
2020-10-26 16:18:18.282 [main] WARN c.a.o.canal.parse.inbound.mysql.dbsync.LogEventConvert - --> init table filter : ^.*\..*$
2020-10-26 16:18:18.282 [main] WARN c.a.o.canal.parse.inbound.mysql.dbsync.LogEventConvert - --> init table black filter : ^mysql\.slave_.*$
2020-10-26 16:18:19.543 [destination = example , address = /127.0.0.1:3306 , EventParser] WARN c.a.o.c.p.inbound.mysql.rds.RdsBinlogEventParserProxy - ---> begin to find start position, it will be long time for reset or first position
2020-10-26 16:18:19.578 [main] INFO c.a.otter.canal.instance.core.AbstractCanalInstance - start successful....
2020-10-26 16:18:19.912 [destination = example , address = /127.0.0.1:3306 , EventParser] WARN c.a.o.c.p.inbound.mysql.rds.RdsBinlogEventParserProxy - prepare to find start position just last position
{"identity":{"slaveId":-1,"sourceAddress":{"address":"localhost","port":3306}},"postion":{"gtid":"","included":false,"journalName":"mall-mysql-bin.000006","position":2271,"serverId":101,"timestamp":1603682664000}}
2020-10-26 16:18:22.435 [destination = example , address = /127.0.0.1:3306 , EventParser] WARN c.a.o.c.p.inbound.mysql.rds.RdsBinlogEventParserProxy - ---> find start position successfully, EntryPosition[included=false,journalName=mall-mysql-bin.000006,position=2271,serverId=101,gtid=,timestamp=1603682664000] cost : 2768ms , the next step is binlog dump
如果想要停止canal-server服務可以使用如下命令。sh bin/stop.sh
canal-adapter使用將我們下載好的壓縮包canal.adapter-1.1.5-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz上傳到Linux伺服器,然後解壓到指定目錄/mydata/canal-adpter,解壓完成後目錄結構如下;├── bin
│ ├── adapter.pid
│ ├── restart.sh
│ ├── startup.bat
│ ├── startup.sh
│ └── stop.sh
├── conf
│ ├── application.yml
│ ├── es6
│ ├── es7
│ │ ├── biz_order.yml
│ │ ├── customer.yml
│ │ └── product.yml
│ ├── hbase
│ ├── kudu
│ ├── logback.xml
│ ├── META-INF
│ │ └── spring.factories
│ └── rdb
├── lib
├── logs
│ └── adapter
│ └── adapter.log
└── plugin
修改配置文件conf/application.yml,按如下配置即可,主要是修改canal-server配置、數據源配置和客戶端適配器配置;canal.conf:
mode: tcp # 客戶端的模式,可選tcp kafka rocketMQ
flatMessage: true # 扁平message開關, 是否以json字符串形式投遞數據, 僅在kafka/rocketMQ模式下有效
zookeeperHosts: # 對應集群模式下的zk地址
syncBatchSize: 1000 # 每次同步的批數量
retries: 0 # 重試次數, -1為無限重試
timeout: # 同步超時時間, 單位毫秒
accessKey:
secretKey:
consumerProperties:
# canal tcp consumer
canal.tcp.server.host: 127.0.0.1:11111 #設置canal-server的地址
canal.tcp.zookeeper.hosts:
canal.tcp.batch.size: 500
canal.tcp.username:
canal.tcp.password:
srcDataSources: # 源資料庫配置
defaultDS:
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_test?useUnicode=true
username: canal
password: canal
canalAdapters: # 適配器列表
- instance: example # canal實例名或者MQ topic名
groups: # 分組列表
- groupId: g1 # 分組id, 如果是MQ模式將用到該值
outerAdapters:
- name: logger # 日誌列印適配器
- name: es7 # ES同步適配器
hosts: 127.0.0.1:9200 # ES連接地址
properties:
mode: rest # 模式可選transport(9300) 或者 rest(9200)
# security.auth: test:123456 # only used for rest mode
cluster.name: elasticsearch # ES集群名稱
添加配置文件canal-adapter/conf/es7/product.yml,用於配置MySQL中的表與Elasticsearch中索引的映射關係;dataSourceKey: defaultDS # 源數據源的key, 對應上面配置的srcDataSources中的值
destination: example # canal的instance或者MQ的topic
groupId: g1 # 對應MQ模式下的groupId, 只會同步對應groupId的數據
esMapping:
_index: canal_product # es 的索引名稱
_id: _id # es 的_id, 如果不配置該項必須配置下面的pk項_id則會由es自動分配
sql: "SELECT
p.id AS _id,
p.title,
p.sub_title,
p.price,
p.pic
FROM
product p" # sql映射
etlCondition: "where a.c_time>={}" #etl的條件參數
commitBatch: 3000 # 提交批大小
使用startup.sh腳本啟動canal-adapter服務;sh bin/startup.shtail -f logs/adapter/adapter.log20-10-26 16:52:55.148 [main] INFO c.a.o.canal.adapter.launcher.loader.CanalAdapterLoader - Load canal adapter: logger succeed
2020-10-26 16:52:57.005 [main] INFO c.a.o.c.client.adapter.es.core.config.ESSyncConfigLoader - ## Start loading es mapping config ...
2020-10-26 16:52:57.376 [main] INFO c.a.o.c.client.adapter.es.core.config.ESSyncConfigLoader - ## ES mapping config loaded
2020-10-26 16:52:58.615 [main] INFO c.a.o.canal.adapter.launcher.loader.CanalAdapterLoader - Load canal adapter: es7 succeed
2020-10-26 16:52:58.651 [main] INFO c.alibaba.otter.canal.connector.core.spi.ExtensionLoader - extension classpath dir: /mydata/canal-adapter/plugin
2020-10-26 16:52:59.043 [main] INFO c.a.o.canal.adapter.launcher.loader.CanalAdapterLoader - Start adapter for canal-client mq topic: example-g1 succeed
2020-10-26 16:52:59.044 [main] INFO c.a.o.canal.adapter.launcher.loader.CanalAdapterService - ## the canal client adapters are running now .
2020-10-26 16:52:59.057 [Thread-4] INFO c.a.otter.canal.adapter.launcher.loader.AdapterProcessor - =============> Start to connect destination: example <=============
2020-10-26 16:52:59.100 [main] INFO org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol - Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8081"]
2020-10-26 16:52:59.153 [main] INFO org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool - Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
2020-10-26 16:52:59.590 [main] INFO o.s.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer - Tomcat started on port(s): 8081 (http) with context path ''
2020-10-26 16:52:59.626 [main] INFO c.a.otter.canal.adapter.launcher.CanalAdapterApplication - Started CanalAdapterApplication in 31.278 seconds (JVM running for 33.99)
2020-10-26 16:52:59.930 [Thread-4] INFO c.a.otter.canal.adapter.launcher.loader.AdapterProcessor - =============> Subscribe destination: example succeed <=============
如果需要停止canal-adapter服務可以使用如下命令。sh bin/stop.sh
數據同步演示經過上面的一系列步驟,canal的數據同步功能已經基本可以使用了,下面我們來演示下數據同步功能。
首先我們需要在Elasticsearch中創建索引,和MySQL中的product表相對應,直接在Kibana的Dev Tools中使用如下命令創建即可;PUT canal_product
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "text"
},
"sub_title": {
"type": "text"
},
"pic": {
"type": "text"
},
"price": {
"type": "double"
}
}
}
}GET canal_product/_mappingINSERT INTO product ( id, title, sub_title, price, pic ) VALUES ( 5, '小米8', ' 全面屏遊戲智慧型手機 6GB+64GB', 1999.00, NULL );
創建成功後,在Elasticsearch中搜索下,發現數據已經同步了;GET canal_product/_searchUPDATE product SET title='小米10' WHERE id=5
修改成功後,在Elasticsearch中搜索下,發現數據已經修改了;DELETE FROM product WHERE id=5
刪除成功後,在Elasticsearch中搜索下,發現數據已經刪除了,至此MySQL同步到Elasticsearch的功能完成了!canal-admin使用將我們下載好的壓縮包canal.admin-1.1.5-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz上傳到Linux伺服器,然後解壓到指定目錄/mydata/canal-admin,解壓完成後目錄結構如下;├── bin
│ ├── restart.sh
│ ├── startup.bat
│ ├── startup.sh
│ └── stop.sh
├── conf
│ ├── application.yml
│ ├── canal_manager.sql
│ ├── canal-template.properties
│ ├── instance-template.properties
│ ├── logback.xml
│ └── public
│ ├── avatar.gif
│ ├── index.html
│ ├── logo.png
│ └── static
├── lib
└── logs
創建canal-admin需要使用的資料庫canal_manager,創建SQL腳本為/mydata/canal-admin/conf/canal_manager.sql,會創建如下表;修改配置文件conf/application.yml,按如下配置即可,主要是修改數據源配置和canal-admin的管理帳號配置,注意需要用一個有讀寫權限的資料庫帳號,比如管理帳號root:root;server:
port: 8089
spring:
jackson:
date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
time-zone: GMT+8
spring.datasource:
address: 127.0.0.1:3306
database: canal_manager
username: root
password: root
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://${spring.datasource.address}/${spring.datasource.database}?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
hikari:
maximum-pool-size: 30
minimum-idle: 1
canal:
adminUser: admin
adminPasswd: admin
接下來對之前搭建的canal-server的conf/canal_local.properties文件進行配置,主要是修改canal-admin的配置,修改完成後使用sh bin/startup.sh local重啟canal-server:# register ip
canal.register.ip =
# canal admin config
canal.admin.manager = 127.0.0.1:8089
canal.admin.port = 11110
canal.admin.user = admin
canal.admin.passwd = 4ACFE3202A5FF5CF467898FC58AAB1D615029441
# admin auto register
canal.admin.register.auto = true
canal.admin.register.cluster =
使用startup.sh腳本啟動canal-admin服務;sh bin/startup.shtail -f logs/admin.log020-10-27 10:15:04.210 [main] INFO org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol - Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8089"]
2020-10-27 10:15:04.308 [main] INFO org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool - Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
2020-10-27 10:15:04.534 [main] INFO o.s.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer - Tomcat started on port(s): 8089 (http) with context path ''
2020-10-27 10:15:04.573 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.admin.CanalAdminApplication - Started CanalAdminApplication in 31.203 seconds (JVM running for 34.865)
訪問canal-admin的Web界面,輸入帳號密碼admin:123456即可登錄,訪問地址:http://192.168.3.101:8089登錄成功後即可使用Web界面操作canal-server。參考資料canal官方文檔:https://github.com/alibaba/canal/wiki
配置文件地址https://github.com/macrozheng/mall-learning/tree/master/document/canal-config
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