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項目緣起
魚樂山房，是杭州臨安太湖源的一對農民夫婦在自有土地上經營的老牌農家樂。經營十多年來積累了極好的口碑。但200元包吃住的客單價越來越難以維持經營，淡旺季巨大的接待量差距和較低的客源素質水平也使得夫婦倆疲於應付，所以二人決定對山房的物理空間進行改造，以期提高盈利能力，並為客人創造更好的度假居住體驗，讓山房完成從農家樂到「高端」民宿的轉變。
久舍營造工作室接受了業主的邀請，主持山房的建築和室內空間改造設計工作。
Yuleshan house is an old-fashioned farmhouse run by a farmer and his wife in Taihuyuan, Lin'an, Hangzhou. Over the past ten years, it has accumulated excellent reputation. However, it is more and more difficult to maintain the unit price of 200 yuan package of food and accommodation. The huge gap in reception volume and the low quality of tourists in the light and peak seasons also make the couple tired of coping with it. So the two decided to transform the physical space of the mountain house in order to improve the profitability, create a better holiday living experience for the guests, and make the mountain house complete the transformation from a farmhouse to a "high-end" house.
Jiushe construction studio accepted the invitation of the owner and presided over the architectural and interior space renovation design of Shanfang.
場地原狀
▲ 項目場地緊鄰的山林與奔騰的溪水©久舍營造工作室
▲ 場地建築原狀鳥瞰，可看到溪水、省道、鄰居住宅和場地內外的高差關係©久舍營造工作室
▲ 改造前建築正（北）立面©久舍營造工作室
▲ 場地中建築、臺地、省道、溪水的關係©久舍營造工作室
溪水就在場地東側自北向南流淌，比省道又低3米左右，作為太湖的主源頭之一，此溪每當下雨就水聲隆隆，在原建築內也聽得見。省道夾在場地與溪水景觀之間，交通繁忙，有一定的噪音。
The stream flows from north to South on the east side of the site, which is about 3 meters lower than the provincial road. As one of the main sources of Taihu Lake, the stream can be heard in the original building when it rains. The provincial road is sandwiched between the site and the stream landscape, with busy traffic and certain noise.
▲ 原場地邊的山景©久舍營造工作室
界定的場地
對於這塊場地來說，那麼大的建築體量以如此鬆散的狀態分布，使得外部場地呈現一種碎片化的狀態，並且與省道、鄰居菜地和山腳野林混雜在一起，不利於形成獨立有效的場所氛圍。因此，改造的第一步便是對場地的重新界定。
For this site, such a large building volume is distributed in such a loose state, which makes the external site present a fragmented state, and mixed with provincial roads, neighboring vegetable fields and wild forests at the foot of the mountain, which is not conducive to the formation of an independent and effective place atmosphere. Therefore, the first step of the transformation is to redefine the site.
▲ 場地的重塑©久舍營造工作室
▲ 改造後總平面圖©久舍營造工作室
深悄的動線
原場地的入口動線非常直接，從省道直接衝上臺地內院，從主體建築景觀面橫穿了原本就不大的院落，大堂的主景觀面被不斷進出的客人穿破。從外部嘈雜省道進入室內的過程也缺少緩衝，很難迅速進入山居的平靜狀態。
The entrance moving line of the original site is very direct. It rushes directly to the inner courtyard of the platform from the provincial road, and crosses the small courtyard from the main building landscape surface. The main view surface of the lobby is pierced by the guests coming in and out constantly. There is also a lack of buffer in the process of entering the interior from the noisy provincial road outside, which makes it difficult to enter the peaceful state of mountain dwelling rapidly.
▲ 改造前後的入口動線對比©久舍營造工作室
▲ 改造後入口動線與視線©久舍營造工作室
▲ 入口立面©趙奕龍
由入口進入廊架，階梯抬升的方向及上部屋頂的傾斜，進一步強化了地形的抬升與山景的高低。原本省道邊的嘈雜氛圍，經過影壁牆、木構廊架的基座，以及兩段折跑階梯中間的石塊牆的多次阻隔後已得到很大程度的緩解。
Entering the corridor from the entrance, the direction of the ladder lifting and the inclination of the upper roof further strengthen the elevation of the terrain and the height of the mountain scenery. The noisy atmosphere of the original provincial road has been greatly relieved after being blocked by the shadow wall, the base of the wood frame and the stone wall in the middle of the two steps.
▲ 入口階梯，石牆後高處為內院溢入的天光 ©範久江
▲ 階梯右側窗下牆及傾斜屋面下溢入的山色天光，左側投下經木格柵過濾的內院光線©趙奕龍
▲ 入口折跑臺階溢入的山景©趙奕龍
設計將四層樓主體建築的主入口從北側正立面轉移到建築東側山牆——由木廊架、二層獨立輔樓和主體建築圍合的三角形區域內。從階梯上來一直到山牆邊，動線出現了非正交的轉折。這一動作，首先將陡坎和主體建築山牆之間的偏角以動線的連續邊界整合；其次，原本臺地上細碎的外部空間也被動線切分為入口三角院和內庭水院，兩個院子都擁有了迥異的氣氛和尺度；再者，在三角院與內院重疊處的一條短邊界面上，我們設置了可以從一角窺視內部水院的橫向窗洞，定格了內部水院可望而暫不可達的靜謐畫面。
In the design, the main entrance of the main building on the fourth floor is transferred from the North facade to the gable on the east side of the building, which is a triangle area enclosed by wooden Gallery, two-story independent auxiliary building and the main building. From the ladder up to the gable, the moving line appeared a non orthogonal turning point. In this action, firstly, the skew angle between the scarp and the main building gable is integrated with the continuous boundary of the moving line; secondly, the original thin external space on the platform is also passively divided into the entrance triangle yard and the inner court water yard, both of which have different atmosphere and scale; thirdly, on a short side interface where the triangle yard overlaps with the inner court, we set a corner to view According to the horizontal window opening of the internal water yard, the quiet picture that the internal water yard can not reach temporarily is fixed.
▲ 從階梯轉向主體建築山牆的非正交轉折©趙奕龍
▲ 入口階梯到頂後回看，溪對岸的山景從打開的窗扇中鋪面而來©趙奕龍
▲ 從廊道轉折處一窺內院 ©範久江
▲ 從三角過院中看入口路徑轉折（左側廊道後白牆為主體建築山牆）©趙奕龍
▲ 主體建築內回看入口廊道（圓窗中可見二層輔樓局部立面）©趙奕龍
▲ 大廳北側主景觀面©趙奕龍
靜院和動院
▲ 整體動線/靜院與動院©久舍營造工作室
靜院與動院由一條帶毛石牆的敞廊隔開，一平一坡，一靜一動，一主一次，構成了靜觀山水與漫遊山林的不同活動主題。
1. 靜院
▲ 主體建筑西側的敞廊，帶長凳的毛石牆隔開靜院和動院©趙奕龍
▲ 靜院中的一畝方塘倒映出山林及天空©趙奕龍
▲ 水面延伸到主體建築簷廊之下，右側為茶亭廊道©趙奕龍
▲ 東麵茶亭後方的山景倒映在靜院水面©趙奕龍
▲ 由西側敞廊看靜院，主體建築只能看見底層局部©趙奕龍
▲ 東西向場地剖面與視線控制©久舍營造工作室
只有從簷廊下走出，進入對面片牆前和茶亭外的水中露臺時，主體建築才可以完整呈現。這種視線的控制，使得四層高的建築體量獲得了充分的觀看距離，並且被水面倒映後進一步後退。坡屋頂改成平屋頂後，主體建築的上部輪廓也被壓在了南側山林的輪廓之內。一層敦實木柱簷廊坡屋面體積與新增3-4層懸挑陽臺體量的二維板片化做法相互反襯，主體建築的體量得到充分消解，顯得更加輕盈。山在整體畫面中的絕對主體地位被再次強化。
Only when you go out from the eaves gallery and enter the water terrace in front of the opposite wall and outside the tea pavilion, the main building can be completely presented. This kind of sight control makes the four story building volume obtain sufficient viewing distance, and further back after being reflected by the water surface. After the sloping roof is changed to flat roof, the upper contour of the main building is also pressed within the contour of the mountain forest on the south side. The volume of the first floor Dun solid wood column eave Gallery slope roof and the two-dimensional slab method of the newly added 3-4 floor cantilevered balcony volume contrast each other, and the volume of the main building is fully digested, which is more light. The absolute dominant position of mountain in the whole picture is strengthened again.
▲ 從大廳對岸露臺回看主體建築©趙奕龍
▲ 南北向場地剖面與視線控制©久舍營造工作室
2. 動院
帶場地環境的一層平面圖©久舍營造工作室
▲ 山野區域底部，竹林中的燒烤區©趙奕龍
▲ 動院高處的三層臺地與遠山©趙奕龍
▲ 臺地高處看靜院敞廊與茶亭©趙奕龍
滲透的界面
▲ 太湖源溪水方向視角©趙奕龍
1. 茶亭的界面
茶亭作為山房場地與省道的分界，內外兩側的界面分別對應著低處的省道和高處水院，因此有著不同的做法。
▲ 省道邊茶亭構造分解圖©久舍營造工作室
茶亭的外界面位於省道邊高處，既是山房最主要的沿街面，也是茶亭內部欣賞溪水側山景的觀景面。因此，我們設計了一個由角鋼和方木條組合的可以完全打開的連續平開窗扇。窗扇下部留有1米高的窗下牆，從外部看構成了下部圓竹修飾的基座的一部分，提高了基座部分的高度感受，從視覺上拉開了外部和茶亭內的距離；而從內部看山則有效遮蔽了省道和車流，只將山林順著屋頂傾斜方向注入室內。
The external interface of the tea pavilion is located at a high place beside the provincial road, which is not only the most important street side of the mountain house, but also the viewing surface inside the tea pavilion to enjoy the mountain scenery on the side of the stream. Therefore, we have designed a continuous casement that can be fully opened by combining angle steel and square timber. The lower part of the window sash has a 1-meter-high window lower wall, which forms a part of the base decorated with round bamboo from the outside, improves the height feeling of the base part, and widens the distance between the outside and the inside of the tea pavilion from the visual point of view; while the mountain from the inside effectively covers the provincial road and the traffic flow, only injecting the mountain forest into the interior along the inclined direction of the roof.
▲ 單坡水榭（木構廊架）兩側界面©趙奕龍
▲ 水榭朝外一側為連續可開啟窗扇©趙奕龍
▲ 水榭朝內一側的細密木格柵界面©趙奕龍
2. 陽臺的界面
原建築內的房間沒有任何陽臺，所有景觀都只能從方窗洞中獲取。改造中不僅將原外立面結構框架中的填充牆體全部打開，配以雙層保溫隔音落地玻璃門窗；並且借著原有框架結構增加出陽臺。客房數量的改變（由30間減少為15間）和平面的變動使得正立面的客房衛生間也都擁有了景觀面。我們相應在3-4樓的客房陽臺外部增加了細木格柵單元，不僅遮擋了外部直視衛生間的視線，還把陽臺結構、門窗等常規建築構件尺度隱藏，塑造了一個二維板片狀的界面，超薄的構造和2層挑空的做法使3-4樓的陽臺整體顯得極輕，極大削弱了原有4層的巨大建築體量。而外部的山水與陽臺內人之間的距離也被無限拉進。
▲ 3-4層陽臺構成的完整板片化體塊©趙奕龍
▲ 陽臺內部看山林溪水，右側為完全打開的客房立面©趙奕龍
▲ 陽臺結構與界面分解圖©久舍營造工作室
▲ 普通客房山景，可見右側洗手間泡池也貼著陽臺山景面©趙奕龍
3. 溪房的界面
▲ 原建築雕花木門窗扇測繪統計©久舍營造工作室
▲ 木門窗扇單元拼貼©久舍營造工作室
▲ 溪水對面看溪房©趙奕龍
▲ 溪房陽臺內景，下部可見溪水©趙奕龍
▲ 從內院長亭外水中露臺回看溪房©趙奕龍
結構與內部
▲ 對原框架結構的操作©久舍營造工作室
原建築為混凝土框架結構，每層的五個相同客房將原本由東至西1：2：2的三個柱跨等分為五份。鑑於擴大客房面積和當地對民宿客房數量小於15間的要求。我們結合內院對主體建築主軸線的影響，將房間開間重新分配，由東至西將總面寬重分為1.5:1.5:2的三個開間（圖 48），並從原結構框架向外挑出一個鋼結構區域，為每間客房都增加了一個可以和外部景觀相互滲透的陽臺。
The original building is a concrete frame structure, and five identical guest rooms on each floor will be divided into five parts of the original three column spans from east to west by 1:2:2. In view of the expansion of the room area and local requirements for the number of guest rooms less than 15. Combined with the influence of the inner courtyard on the main axis of the main building, we redistributed the rooms. From east to west, we divided the total width and weight of the rooms into three rooms (Figure 48) of 1.5:1.5:2, and picked out a steel structure area from the original structural framework, adding a balcony for each room that can penetrate into the external landscape.
▲ 改造前後客房層平面比較及柱網©久舍營造工作室
▲ 階梯空間，正對玻璃窗內為早餐廳©趙奕龍
▲ 兩層通高大臺階的公共性©趙奕龍
▲ M.C.埃舍爾（M. C. Escher）《相對性》Relativity，1953
餐廳部分的客房隔牆全部拆除，形成了朝向後山的多跨連續空間，結合外部廚房的屋頂露臺，我們為原山房的特色餐飲提供了同樣具有山林景觀的獨立空間（圖 52）。
The partition walls of some guest rooms in the dining room have been completely removed, forming a multi span continuous space towards the back mountain. Combined with the roof terrace of the external kitchen, we have provided an independent space with the same mountain forest landscape for the characteristic catering of the original mountain house (Figure 52).
▲ 餐廳及外部山景露臺©趙奕龍
▲ 改造後二層平面圖©久舍營造工作室
▲ 改造後四層及loft閣樓層平面©久舍營造工作室
▲ 頂層超大套間©趙宏飛
▲ loft房內部©趙宏飛
總結
至此，經由場地的界定，動線的轉折，界面的滲透，結構的改造與內部平面的調整。原本「視而不見」的山水被重新從外部和內部同時看見，建築和場地自身也融入了環境與過去，成為了與山水共生的一部分。山水不僅被重新「看見」，某種意義上也被再次「重建」。
So far, through the definition of the site, the turning point of the moving line, the penetration of the interface, the transformation of the structure and the adjustment of the internal plane. The original "blind" landscape is seen from the outside and the inside at the same time. The building and the site itself are also integrated into the environment and the past, and become a part of symbiosis with the landscape. Landscape is not only "seen" again, but also "rebuilt" in a sense.
後記
魚樂山房改造從開始設計到建成正式運營，歷時兩年有餘，遠超我們開始預計的一年。這讓我們對鄉村條件下的非專業建設項目積累了豐富的經驗與教訓。回顧這一過程，很多時候都瀕臨方案實施不下去的邊緣。
感謝業主的義無反顧和地方政府在政策層面對項目的大力支持，才讓這個雖然不大但複雜的「小」項目最終能夠建成。在完全沒有專業營造商統籌介入的條件下，業主和設計方互相充分信任，一起解決了工地上的施工錯誤、材料替換、現場構造變化等問題。作為設計方，我們也充分利用身邊的資源，為這個項目爭取了很多設計、材料、施工、後期陳設等有利條件，最終完成度大概有70%左右，已是非常幸運的結果。
項目信息
項目名稱：魚樂山房建築室內整體改造設計
設計單位：久舍營造工作室（www.continuation-studio.com）
項目設計 & 完成年份：2016-2018
主持建築師：範久江、翟文婷
設計團隊：餘凱、陳凱雄、黃鶴、李婷、孫福東、呂爽爾、董潤進（實習）
項目地址：浙江省杭州市臨安區太湖源鎮
建築面積：約1100㎡
攝影版權：趙奕龍、趙宏飛、範久江
燈光設計：上海品光照明設計
軟裝設計：深圳雯華設計
結構加固設計及施工：能肖文團隊
客戶：夏鞠萍，姜永水
主要材料及品牌：
木飾面材料：臻藏古木
其餘：現場製作
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