【詞條1】apply
【點撥】apply 意為"申請"，為不及物動詞。常構成短語apply for sth."申請……";apply to do sth. "申請做某事"。如:
We advertised three positions and over 50 people applied for them.
He has applied for a scholarship to Harvard University.
Why don’t you apply to be admitted to the club?
【拓展】
1. apply還可意為"應用，運用;適用;有關，涉及"。常構成短語:apply to"適用於;運用到;關係到";apply sth. to sth. "把……運用於……";apply oneself to"致力於"。如:
The new method can’t be applied in every case.
The rules just apply to the kids under twelve years old.
The experience can be applied to other fields.
She applies herself to helping children in the poor areas.
2. application n. 申請;應用，運用
applicant n. 申請人
【詞條2】require
【點撥】require vt. 需要，要求，後面可接不同的賓語形式。requirement為其名詞形式。
1. 接名詞或代詞。如:
As a primary teacher， it requires great patience to teach children.
2. 接動詞-ing的主動式或不定式的被動式。如:
The old house requires repairing / to be repaired.
3. 接不定式的複合結構。如:
They required people not to smoke in the room.
4. 接賓語從句(從句常用虛擬語氣)。如:
We required that people present at the meeting (should)arrive on time.
【拓展】辨析:require， demand&request這三個詞都有"要求"之意，具體區別如下:
1. require 強調根據需要或紀律、法律等提出的要求。如:
The situation there requires that I should take effective measures.
2. demand 一般指理直氣壯地提出強烈要求(或不允許對方拒絕的要求)。不用於demand sb. to do sth.結構。此外，demand還可用作名詞。如:
He demanded an immediate answer from me.
3. request 是正式用語，指非常正式有禮貌地請求或懇求(多含擔心種種原因導致對方不能答應的意味)。request還可用作名詞。如:
In the invitation， he requested that my family should attend his wedding.
【詞條3】suffer
【點撥】suffer
vt.遭受，經歷，後常跟defeat， hunger， loss， pain， poverty等詞作賓語。如:
They have been suffering poverty since their unemployment.
The enemy has suffered a sharp defeat and huge losses.
vi. 受損失;受痛苦
If you break your promise， your reputation will suffer a lot.
He suffered terribly when his parents died in the accident.
【拓展】suffer from意為"受……折磨，受……之苦"。如:
Workers in this factory suffered from overwork.
A lot of old people suffer from heart disease.
suffering n. 疼痛，痛苦， 常用作複數，表示"種種痛苦(苦難)"。如:
He died without much suffering.
She keeps complaining about all her sufferings.