託福口語備考誤區
託福備考並非易事,為了幫助大家在有限的時間內獲得預期的效果,阿倫老師在這裡為大家整理了幾點口語備考中需要避開的誤區,希望能夠幫助大家提高備考效率。更多備考Tips,歡迎登錄教書匠阿倫微信公眾號查看!
1. 模板是萬能藥
當我們剛開始進行口語備考時,背模板的確可以幫助我們進入備考狀態,但是,模板並不是考試的萬能藥,在實戰中,總有一些題型或表達需要我們自主進行發揮。而且,考官往往能立馬識破口語中的模板,一旦被考官識破你是在完全照背模板,那就別想在口語考試中取得好成績了。
解決策略
對要表達的內容進行整理,以話題為中心,在紙上構建思維導圖,要說的點用關鍵詞關聯起來,對照思維導圖做口語練習,根據關鍵詞給出一段完整的闡述,這樣能夠使口語表達條理清晰、內容完整。而且,這樣的訓練可以幫助我們積累語料素材,以備考試之需。
2. 練習完全看心情
很多考生對這種狀態並不陌生,今天太累了先休息一天,明天有事推遲到後天練習,後天身體不適再推遲……語言學習是一場持久戰,要想取得好的成績,就需要付出日積月累的努力。如果三天打漁兩天曬網,對備考缺乏規劃性,最終只能陷入無休無止的備考輪迴。
另外,聽力與口語密切相關,聽力好的考生在口語考試中會覺得如有神助,而聽力較差的考生會在口語考試中遇到重重困難。口語備考中,切不可忽略聽力練習,要讓聽力與口語水平共進退。
解決策略
做好備考計劃,按照計劃嚴格執行,學會使用工作分解結構,由小及大,最終實現考試目標。對於自覺性較差的考生,你們可以選擇和小夥伴一起備考,這樣既能增加學習的樂趣,也能督促自己按時完成練習任務。
最後,如果時間允許,考生也可以將精讀、精聽納入備考計劃(注意:口語和聽力務必要做到每日練習);對於時間比較倉促的考生,最有效的建議是,每天至少要完成一套模擬題。
3. 只錄音不批改
很多考生在備考中都採取先背單詞、再背模板、最後練習的步驟,這種方法其實效率十分低下。不可否認,總結和修正是學習中非常重要的一部分。很多考生在說的時候往往自我感覺良好,覺得自己的水平已經不錯了,但其實,當我們對自己的口語表達進行錄音後,從一個旁觀者的角度對口語進行審視,會發下其中還存在很多問題。
另外,如果我們只錄不改,對發音錯誤的地方不加以修正,這個錯誤就會一直持續到實戰中。
解決策略
在口語練習過程中進行錄音,通過錄音來檢查自己表達上的錯誤,比如發音不準、語法錯誤、停頓不當等。對錯誤進行總結和修正,在後續的練習中規避這些錯誤,最終使口語達到一個精準流利的水平。當然,如果考生自己無法識別表達上的錯誤,可以找教書匠阿倫團隊的專業口語老師進行評判,從專業的角度來糾正這些錯誤。除此之外,考生還需要了解託福口語的評分細則,這樣可以根據具體要求有方向地進行備考。
哈佛大學國際教育教授:讓學生成為全球公民
Fernando M. Reimers is a professor of international education and the director of the Global Education Innovation Initiative and the International Education Policy Program at Harvard University. He is the co-author of Empowering Global Citizens: A World Course (CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2016).
費爾南多·M·賴默斯(Fernando M. Reimers)是哈佛大學國際教育教授、全球教育創新計劃和哈佛大學國際教育政策計劃的主任。他是《增強全球公民權能:世界課程》(CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2016)一書的合著者。
We are living in a world that is increasingly interdependent. Local and global affairs are deeplyintertwined,and technology has transformed the ways in which most peopleinteract, access knowledge, work, and participate civically. These changes are part of our ever-increasing globalization—a process that isshrinkingour planet and bringing us all into more intense contact with one another, often across lines of social, cultural, and racial differences. Preparing students to live and work in anintegratedworld and contribute to improving society fulfills public schools' intended purpose.
我們生活在一個日益相互依存的世界。地方事務和全球事務相互交織,技術改變了大多數人互動、獲取知識、工作以及公民參與的方式。這些變化是我們不斷發展的全球化進程的一部分,這個進程正在縮小我們的星球,讓我們所有人之間的聯繫更加緊密,常常會跨越社會、文化和種族的界限。讓學生在一個融合的世界中生活和工作,為改善社會做出貢獻,這些都符合公立學校的預期。
But many schools fail to provide students with such opportunities at a moment in history when the need has never been greater.Ethnicand religious differences continue to be a source of conflict rather than the basis of productive and creative collaboration. These differences are exacerbated by politicians whocapitalizeon fear, creating walls thatmarginalizemany groups and contribute to furtheralienation.Rhetoricin the U.S. presidential race and in the United Kingdom's Brexit vote echo these themes of unease.
但是,在歷史上從未有過的這個時刻,許多學校都無法為學生提供這樣的機會。種族和宗教差異仍然是衝突的根源,而不是富有成效和創造性合作的基礎。政客們利用恐懼製造隔離牆,將許多群體邊緣化,加劇了這些分歧。美國總統競選和英國脫歐公投中的言辭都呼應了這些不安的主題。
Recent tragedies in cities around the worldunderscorea widespread attitude ofbigotryand prejudice. Recent headlines recount a succession of deaths resulting from this attitude, including in Dallas, Baton Rouge, Orlando, and St. Paul in our own country, as well as in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, France, Germany, Iraq, and Turkey.
最近發生在世界各地城市的悲劇凸顯了一種普遍存在的偏執和偏見態度。最近的頭條新聞報導了一系列由這種態度而導致的死亡,包括在我們國家的達拉斯、巴吞魯日、奧蘭多和聖保羅,以及在阿富汗、孟加拉國、法國、德國、伊拉克和土耳其。
This educational failure highlights theparadoxthat even though children across the world have greater access to education than they've had at any time in the past century, and globalization is bringing humanity closer together, we have also been pushed further apart. To help students respond to this crisis in aconstructiveway—rather than with fear—schools must take responsibility for effective and more deliberate global-citizenship education. Advancing such education requires a well-designed curriculum and built-in support for educators to develop global competency themselves. This effort should embrace professional-development opportunities, along with the guidance of strong school and district leadership.
這種教育上的失敗凸顯了這樣一個悖論:儘管世界各地的兒童接受教育的機會比過去一個世紀的任何時候都多,全球化使人類更緊密地團結在一起,但我們也被進一步地拉開了距離。為了幫助學生以建設性的方式而不是恐懼的方式應對這場危機,學校必須承擔起更有效、更深思熟慮的全球公民教育的責任。推進這樣的教育需要精心設計的課程和對教育者自身發展的全球競爭力的內在支持。這項努力應包括專業發展機會,以及強有力的學校和地區領導的指導。
There is an existing body of effective practices in global education on which educators can build. After reviewing different approaches, a group of current and former colleagues at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and I created a framework for a K-12 global competency curriculum that is project-based andinterdiscipliary. The curriculum, which is highlighted in our recently published book Empowering Global Citizens: A World Course, is influenced by the United Nations'sustainable-development goals—a vision of inclusive progress for all nations that should be required reading for any globally minded educator.
在全球教育中,現有有效的實踐體系可供教育工作者借鑑,加以發展。在回顧了不同的方法之後,我和哈佛大學教育研究生院(Harvard Graduate School of Education)的一群現任和前任同事創建了一個基於項目和跨學科的K-12全球能力課程框架。我們最近出版的《增強全球公民權能:世界課程》(Global Citizens: A World Course)一書中強調了這門課程,即實現所有國家包容性進步的願景,任何具有全球視野的教育者都應閱讀該願景。
The framework takes academic subjects and emphasizes how to integrate topics with clear global dimensions, such as environmental studies, world history, and public health. In addition to helping students develop knowledge of critical global challenges, educators must also address the range of skills global competency requires, from foreign-language study and religious literacy to a curiosity about the world and an understanding of personal agency, empowerment, and leadership. Using technology, educators can encourage students' project collaboration with peers in other countries to reinforce these learnings.
該框架以學術主題為重點,強調如何整合具有明確全球維度的主題,比如環境研究、世界歷史和公共衛生。除了幫助學生培養應對全球挑戰的知識外,教育工作者還必須解決全球能力所需的一系列技能,從外語學習和宗教素養到對世界的好奇心,以及對個人能動性、賦權和領導力的理解。利用技術,教育工作者可以鼓勵學生與其他國家的同齡人進行項目合作,以鞏固這些知識。
To better prepare teachers and school leaders, districts should encourage their educators to pursue opportunities to learn about global education practices in other countries, including by researching the field ofcomparativeeducation to ensure their teaching methods and curricula are effective. Educators around the world, and the children they teach, must take the time to learn from one another.
為了更好地訓練教師和學校領導,地區應鼓勵他們的教育工作者尋求機會來了解其他國家的全球教育實踐,包括研究比較教育領域,以確保他們的教學方法和課程是有效的。世界各地的教育工作者,以及他們所教的孩子們,必須花時間互相學習。
If we are to help students develop the capacity to make their communities and societies more inclusive and sustainable, school and district leaders must provide the conditions, empowerment, and support for teachers to integrate global education curriculum in the classroom. In so doing, schools can help replace fear of difference with understanding. These lessons will prepare students to collaborate with others beyond the classroom as they work to appreciate a shrinking world.
如果我們要幫助學生發展能力,使他們的社區和社會更具包容性和可持續性,那麼學校和地區領導人必須為教師提供條件、授權和支持,以便教師將全球教育課程納入課堂。這樣一來,學校就可以幫助人們用理解代替對差異的恐懼。這些課程將幫助學生們在課堂之外與他人合作,因為他們正在努力欣賞一個不斷縮小的世界。
重點詞彙
intertwined
adj. 纏繞的;錯綜複雜的
v. 使纏結,纏繞(intertwine的過去式)
interact
vt. 互相影響;互相作用vi. 互相影響;互相作用n. 幕間劇;幕間休息
shrink
v. (使)縮小,(使)收縮n. 收縮;畏縮
integrated
adj. 綜合的;完整的;互相協調的v. 整合;使…成整體(integrate的過去分詞)
ethnic
adj. 種族的;人種的
capitalize
vt. 使資本化;以大寫字母寫vi. 利用;積累資本
marginalize
vt. 排斥;忽視;使處於社會邊緣;使脫離社會發展進程
alienation
n. 異化;疏遠;轉讓
rhetoric
n. 修辭,修辭學;華麗的詞藻adj. 花言巧語的
underscore
vt. 強調;劃線於…下n. 底線,[計] 下劃線
bigotry
n. 偏執;頑固;盲從
paradox
n. 悖論,反論;似是而非的論點;自相矛盾的人或事
constructive
adj. 建設性的;推定的;構造上的;有助益的
interdisciplinary
adj. 各學科間的;跨學科的
sustainable
adj. 可以忍受的;足可支撐的;養得起的;可持續的
inclusive
adj. 包含的,包括的;包含全部費用的adv. 包括一切費用在內地
comparative
adj. 比較的;相當的 n. 比較級;對手
innovation
n. 創新,革新;新方法
句型解析
This educational failure highlights the paradox that even though children across the world have greater access to education than they've had at any time in the past century, and globalization is bringing humanity closer together, we have also been pushed further apart.
This educational failure highlights the paradox為句子主幹,主語為This educational failure,謂語動詞為highlight,表示這種教育上的失敗凸顯了一個悖論;
that even though……為that所引導的同位語從句,that為引導詞,不作句子成分,說明悖論的具體內容;
even though children across…… further apart.其中even though引導狀語從句,從句中包含比較級(than),表示儘管現在的機會更多等,但是人們還是被拉開了距離。
The curriculum, which is highlighted in our recently published book Empowering Global Citizens: A World Course, is influenced by the United Nations' sustainable-development goals—a vision of inclusive progress for all nations that should be required reading for any globally minded educator.
The curriculum is influenced by the United Nations' sustainable-development goals為句子的主幹部分,主語為The curriculum,被動語態,其中插入了從句,表示這門課程,它受到聯合國可持續發展目標的影響;
which is highlighted…… World Course為which所引導的非限制性定語從句,which為關係代詞,在從句中作主語,先行詞為the curriculum,表示我們最近出版的《增強全球公民權能:世界課程》(Global Citizens: A World Course)一書中所強調的這門課程;
that should …….minded educator. 為that所引導的限制性定語從句,that為關係代詞,在從句中作主語,先行詞為a vision,表示任何具有全球意識的教育工作者都應該閱讀這一願景。
託福口語批改