魔女藍：在學習古希臘文明的時候，被這些壁畫上的形象深深吸引，深入了解之後，才知道這是早於古希臘文明的米諾斯文明。
米諾斯文明，是愛琴海地區的古代文明，出現於古希臘，邁錫尼文明之前的青銅時代，約公元前3000年—前1450年。該文明的發展主要集中在克裡特島。
米諾斯文明，確切地說是應該是克裡特地區文明。克裡特文明源於古埃及和小亞細亞。從出土物來看，克裡特島曾是早期地中海上一處良好的貿易港口，與古埃及和小亞細亞有密切的商業聯繫。而從其器物和建築考古類型學角度考察，克裡特文明也可以看做是亞非古大陸文明在地中海上的一處海島次生文明。
事實上，米諾斯文明即克裡特文與古希臘文明沒有絲毫關聯。當希臘人出現的時候，克裡特文明已經在大海中消亡。
The Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC.It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Arthur Evans. Will Durant referred to it as "the first link in the European chain."
The early inhabitants of Crete settled as early as 128,000 BC, during the Middle Paleolithic age. It was not until 5000 BC that the first signs of advanced agriculture appeared, marking the beginning of civilization. The Minoan culture was established by the 27th century BC.
The term "Minoan" was coined by Arthur Evans after the mythic "king" Minos. Minos was associated in Greek myth with the labyrinth, which Evans identified with the site at Knossos. It has sometimes been argued that the Egyptian place name "Keftiu" (*Káftiu kftiw) and the Semitic "Kaftor" or "Caphtor" and "Kaptara" in the Mari archives refer to the island of Crete; "On the other hand some acknowledged facts about Caphtor/Keftiu can only with difficulty be reconciled with Crete," observes John Strange.In the Odyssey, composed centuries after the destruction of the Minoan civilization, Homer calls the natives of Crete Eteocretans ("true Cretans"); these may have been descendants of the Minoans.
Minoan palaces (anaktora) are the best known building types to have been excavated on the island. They are monumental buildings serving administrative purposes, as evidenced by the large archives unearthed by archaeologists. Each of the palaces excavated to date has its own unique features, but they also share features which set them apart from other structures. The palaces were often multi-storied, with interior and exterior staircases, light wells, massive columns, storage magazines, and courtyards.
「米諾斯文明」一名，來自古希臘神話中之克裡特賢王米諾斯。它是歐洲最早的古代文明，也是希臘古典文明的前驅。以精美的王宮建築、壁畫及陶器、工藝品等著稱於世。
最早出現於希臘的文明是愛琴海的米諾斯文明，它的存在從大約公元前3000年一直持續到約1450年前。我們對於米諾斯人知之甚少，甚至連這個名字也只是一個現代的稱呼，來自傳說中克裡特島的國王米諾斯。他們似乎屬於前印歐民族（pre-Indo-European）；他們的語言米諾斯語（Eteocretan）可能使用仍未被解讀的線性文字A書寫；他們主要是海上的商人。雖然他們勢微的原因不祥，但是可以確定的是他們最終為希臘大陸的邁錫尼人所入侵和統治。 希臘克裡特島的中、晚期文化。又稱克裡特文化或克裡特文明。約始自公元前1900年，至前1450年左右克裡特為邁錫尼人佔領而結束。
The greatest collection of Minoan art is in the museum at Heraklion, near Knossos on the north shore of Crete. Minoan art, with other remains of material culture, especially the sequence of ceramic styles, has been used by archaeologists to define the three phases of Minoan culture (EM, MM, LM) discussed above.
Since wood and textiles have vanished through decomposition, the best preserved, and so most easily learned from, surviving examples of Minoan art are its pottery, the palace architecture with frescos that include landscapes, stone carvings, and intricately carved seal stones.
由於木頭和織物無法抵禦歲月的侵襲，米諾斯文明最重要的藝術遺存為米諾斯陶器、宮殿建築與壁畫、石雕以及印章。藝術和物質文化的遺蹟，特別是陶瓷風格的序列，幫助在考古學中界定了米諾斯文化的三個階段，每個階段有其自有的特徵。
米諾斯早期的陶瓷製品以線狀的螺旋、三角、曲線、十字、魚骨紋等為特徵。到中期，自然主義的設計，如魚、烏賊、鳥和百合的圖案則變得普遍。到米諾斯晚期，花和動物依然是主要的特徵，但是增強了變化性。在諾索斯周圍的地區通常體現出「宮殿風格」，特徵為對自然形狀的幾何抽象以及單色的繪畫。非常值得注意的是邁錫尼藝術與後期米諾斯藝術十分相似。
米諾斯人主要以從事海外貿易為主。他們的文化在約前1700年之前顯現出高度的組織性，與繼後以軍事貴族統治為特點的文化相迥。許多歷史學家和考古學家相信米諾斯人在青銅時期重要的錫交易中扮演了重要的角色：錫與產自賽普勒斯的銅的合金被用來製造青銅。而隨後青銅工具逐漸由性能更優的鐵器所取代的過程，似乎與米諾斯文明的衰落相吻合。此外，米諾斯人還進行番紅花的貿易，這是一種產自愛琴地區的自然基因變種。很難找到這種貿易的實物證據，不過在聖託裡尼有一幅著名的壁畫「番紅花採集者」。這種貿易形式可能在米諾斯文明之前就存在，作為對乳香，或更晚地，對辣椒的交換。考古學家傾向於強調更耐用的交易品：陶、銅、錫，以及大量的金銀奢侈品。
各地發現的米諾斯製造的物品顯示，它有一個與希臘本土（邁錫尼文明）、賽普勒斯、敘利亞、安納託利亞、埃及、西班牙及美索不達米亞通商的網絡。
The Minoans were primarily a mercantile people engaged in overseas trade. Their culture, from 1700 BC onward, shows a high degree of organization.
The Minoan trade in saffron, the stigma of a mutated crocus which originated in the Aegean basin as a natural chromosome mutation, has left fewer material remains: a fresco of saffron-gatherers at Santorini is well-known. This inherited trade pre-dated Minoan civilization: a sense of its rewards may be gained by comparing its value to frankincense, or later, to pepper. Archaeologists[who?] tend to emphasize the more durable items of trade: ceramics, copper, and tin, and dramatic luxury finds of gold and silver.
Objects of Minoan manufacture suggest there was a network of trade with mainland Greece (notably Mycenae), Cyprus, Syria, Anatolia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and westward as far as the coast of Spain.
Minoan men wore loincloths and kilts. Women wore robes that had short sleeves and layered flounced skirts. The robes were open to the navel, allowing their breasts to be left exposed.[33] Women also had the option of wearing a strapless fitted bodice. The patterns on clothes emphasized symmetrical geometric designs. Given the fragility of organic materials, other forms of dress may have been worn of which no archeological evidence exists.
The Minoan religion focused on female deities, with females officiating.[34] The frescos include many depictions of people, with the genders distinguished by colour: the men's skin is reddish-brown, the women's white.
米諾斯人崇拜女神。雖然也提到過一些男神，但是米諾斯宗教中對於女神的描寫大大超過了前者，比如掌管生育的母神，一個女性的動物主宰，一個城市、家庭、收穫、冥界的女性保護者，等等。有些人認為這些是同一個女神的不同表現，她們通常顯現為蛇、鳥、罌粟，或一個頭為某種動物的形象。一些人認為這個女神聯繫著「撼地者」，一個由牛和太陽代表的男性形象，他每個秋天死去，在下個春天復生。雖然著名的牛頭人身的米諾陶純粹是希臘人的描寫，一些印章表現了鳥頭或帶鳥面具的神祇。
Walter Burkert提醒道「在哪種程度上人們可以和應該區分米諾斯和邁錫尼宗教，這是個仍未有答案的問題。「，並認為這個問題終將在埃特魯裡亞與古希臘（或者羅馬和希臘）的宗教、文化間的關係上找到有用的類比。米諾斯宗教並未通過自己的語言進行傳承，並且後世希臘文人對於經過數百年口耳相傳而存世的克裡特神話主題的發揮，也革洗了這涓涓細源：比如忒修斯的傳說。一些克裡特名字被希臘神話所保留，但是我們已無法將這些名字對應於發現的米諾斯神像，如著名的蛇女神。
在一些確認的宗教遺址內發現了金屬和粘土製的崇拜物：雙面斧、船隻小雕塑、 人造品的模型、動物、人形等。這些遺址，包括克裡特島上的無數小神灶、山的峰頂及為數眾多的神聖洞穴——已經發現了300多個——被確認為一些信仰的中心，然而還未發現像希臘人所建的神廟。在複雜的宮殿裡沒有識別出主要用於宗教活動的中心房間，而中心院落則用於給年輕的男女進行跳牛祭祀活動。
米諾斯神聖的符號包括公牛和獻祭的角、雙面斧、立柱、蛇、太陽圓盤和樹。
米諾斯文明的一個突出特點是他們對女性神祀的崇拜，而非男神。「埃文思已經發現米諾斯人的主神是一個強大的自然女神，而這一論斷從未被挑戰過。」
出土的壁畫和女祭司雕塑顯示了男人和婦女參與同一個體育項目（通常是跳牛），因而一些考古學家相信米諾斯社會中男人和女人有著相同的地位。甚至繼承權有可能是母系的。
壁畫有很多是描繪人群的，而性別由顏色來區分：男人的皮膚是紅褐色，而女人的則是白色。米諾斯的男人穿褶皺短裙和纏腰帶，婦女穿敞開至肚臍的長袍，配以短袖和鑲邊的裙子。服裝上的花紋多為對稱幾何形狀。
魔女藍；關於米諾斯文明，今天只說壁畫，稍後向大家展示非常精美漂亮的米諾斯陶器。
感謝收看和訂閱魔女屋LYL，我們一起學習分享這世上的美好事物，歡迎轉發給小夥伴們！