2014-09-30 13:13:20 來源：智康1對1
動詞的時態語態（一）
時態：表示動作發生或存在狀態以及表現方式的一種動詞形式。
語態：用來說明主語和謂語之間關係的一種動詞形式。
主動語態表示句子的主語是動作的執行者或行為的主體；
被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者或行為的對象
英語中，在不同時間，以不同的方式發生的動作或存在的狀態要用動詞的不同形式表現出來，動詞的這些不同形式構成了動詞的時態。一般來說，發生在現在的事情用現在的時態進行描述，發生在過去的事情，用過去的時態進行描述，將要發生的事情用將來的時態進行描述。英語中的時態共計16種，常用的有12種。
在高中階段，我們將會主要學習到的時態有：一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時、現在完成進行時。本次課我們主要講解一般現在時、一般過去時以及一般將來時
一.一般現在時
1.基本結構
肯定形式：
①be動詞：am/is/are
②行為動詞：動詞原形、第三人稱單數。
否定形式：
①am/is/are+not
②don't/doesn't+動詞原形+……
一般疑問句：
①把be動詞放於句首
②Do/Does+…+動詞原形+…？
特殊疑問句：
特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
2.一般現在時的第三人稱單數的構成：
3.基本用法：
① 表示經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語有：always， usually， often， sometimes， every week （day， year， month…）， once a week， on Sundays等。
例：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
② 表示客觀真理，客觀存在或科學事實，以及格言或名言警句中。如：
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
③ 表示愛好、能力、性格、個性。
I like Chinese food.
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
4. 特殊用法
① 一般現在時代替將來時
1. 時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句用一般現在時代替將來時。如：when， before， after， till， once， as soon as， if， in case （that）， unless，等。
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。I will call you as soon as I go back home. 我一到家就給你電話。
註：1. 可以代替as soon as表示一……就的詞語：the moment、the minute、immediately、instantly
2. 主句部分除了用一般將來時，還可以用祈使句以及情態動詞
例：If you have any problem， please contact me. （主祈從現）
If you have any problem， you can contact me.（主情從現）
3. not…until用法總結：
A. sb didn't do sth until sb did sth.
I didn't go home until I finished my homework yesterday. 我昨天直到完成作業才回家
B. sb won't do sth until sb do/does sth.（主將從現）
I won't leave until you come tomorrow. 我明天會直到你過來才會離開。
練習：翻譯下面的句子
1. 昨天修理完桌椅後，我們才回家。
答案：We didn't go home until we finished repairing desks and tables.
2. 有時候，直到珍貴的時刻成為了回憶，你才會真正認識到它的價值所在。
答案：Sometimes， you won't know the true value of a moment until it becomes a memory.
2. 用於表示較固定的，按計劃、規定將要發生的動作，但只限於begin， come， go， leave， arrive， stop， return， close， open， take， start， take place 等少數動作。
例：The train leaves Beijing at six and arrives at Jinan at nine.
② 一般現在時代替進行時
句型：Here comes… ； There goes…
例：Look， here comes Mr. Li.
There goes the bell.
二. 一般過去時
1. 基本結構
肯定形式：
① be動詞：was / were …
② 行為動詞：動詞的過去式
否定形式：
① was/ were + not
② didn't +動詞原形
一般疑問句：
① was或were放於句首
② Did + … + 動詞原形……？
特殊疑問句：
特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
2. 動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構成：
規則動詞的變化：
規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構成方法是相同的。
3. 用法
① 表示過去某一具體時間發生的動作或存在的狀態，常用的時間狀語有last year， yesterday， just now， in +過去年份， a few years ago， in the past.
例：Yesterday， I saw my friends off at the airport.
② 表示過去的經常性、習慣性動作或狀態，常用的時間狀語有always， often， usually， sometimes， seldom， never等
例：I always got up late and never had enough time for breakfast when I was a child.
三. 一般將來時
結構+用法
① "will/ shall + 動詞原形"構成將來時，表示將要發生的動作或將要存在的狀態。shall僅用於第一人稱I/we作主語，而will 則用於各種人稱。常用於將來時的時間狀語有：next time， tomorrow， this afternoon， before long，in the future， soon， the day after tomorrow.
例：I shall visit my teacher when I go to Beijing.
② "be going to + 動詞原形"，表示打算、計劃、安排做某事。
例：We are going to hold a sports meet next weekend.
③ begin， leave， arrive， start， finish， meet， return等動詞的一般現在時，表示按計劃或安排將要發生的事。（時刻表）
例：Flight 55 leaves at six p.m.
④ leave， go， come， stay， do， take， have 等動詞的現在進行時，表示按計劃或準備要做某事。
例：She is leaving early tomorrow morning. 明天她很早就出發。
⑤ "be to + 動詞原形"，表示即將發生某事、安排做某事或要求做某事。
例：The meeting is to take place at 8：00 tomorrow.
⑥ "be about + to+動詞原形"，表示即將發生某事，不與具體的將來時間狀語連用
例：Hurry up！ The train for Shanghai is about to start.
注意：1. shall/will do和be going to do的區別
shall/will do表示一種趨勢或習慣性動作，或預言將要發生的事，或表示臨時性打算等。
Fish will die without water.（趨勢）
He will sit there doing nothing for hours.（習慣動作）
We haven't seen each other for a long time. Shall we have a dinner tonight？（臨時性的打算）
be going to do表示提前計劃、安排好的事情，或者表示有跡象發生
We are going to have a meeting at 8：00 tomorrow.（計劃、安排）
Look at these clouds！ It's going to rain.（跡象發生事情）
2. 一般現在時表將來和現在進行時表將來的區別
一般現在時表示計劃、安排將要發生事情的時候主語通常為物（火車、飛機等-時刻表，有具體的時刻）
The train leaves Beijing at 7：00.
現在進行時表示計劃、安排將要發生事情的時候主語通常為人。
They are having a meeting tonight.
練一練
1. 觀察下列例句，將序號填入對應用法之後的空白欄中
A. 一般現在時
① All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.
② The plane takes off at 5：00 a.m.
③ Unless it rains tomorrow， the sports meet will take place.
④ Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.
⑤ He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.
⑥ We always care for each other and help each other.
⑦ She is a teacher.
⑧ -Do you sing？ -A little.
B. 一般過去時
① I didn't know you bought the present for me.
② The Great Wall came into being in 221BC.
③ We used to get up at five every morning when we were at school.
④ When I was in the factory， I often worked in the workshop.
⑤ The professor put one finger in his mouth， tasted it， and smiled with satisfaction.
C. 一般將來時
① If you are going to do it， you had better do it well.
② If you will wait here， the manager will be back 10 minutes later.
③ We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.
④ He will be thirty years old next year.
⑤ No one is to leave the cinema without the police's permission
⑥ The train is about to start.
⑦ Look at the clouds， there is going to be a storm.
⑧ Will we clone a dinosaur？
⑨ You forgot to turn off the light！-Really， I will go and turn it off.
2. 單項選擇
1. Please give Jim the schedule for tomorrow's conference when he _____ back. He is to chair the conference.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
2. Mr. Brown _____ his office an hour ago and he is still on his way home.
A. left B. leaves C. is leaving D. was leaving
3. Mr. Black ______Shanghai in a few days. Do you know when the earliest plane _____ on Sunday？
A. leaves； takes off B. is leaving； takes off
C. is leaving； is taking off D. leaves； is taking off
4. --- Do you have any plans for this Sunday？
--- Yes. I ____ my cousin who has just returned from America.
A. visit B. am visiting C. would visit D was visiting
5. --- I am trying to find yesterday's newspaper. Have you seen it ？
--- I am afraid that I ______ it away .I thought you had finished reading it .
A. threw B. had thrown C. throw D. will throw
6. You can not go out to play unless you ______your homework .
A. finished B. will finish C. finish D. are finishing
7. He looks excited because his parents ___________to her birthday party this weekend .
A. come B. have come C. are coming D. could come
8. ---Have you seen your aunt recently ？
---Yes. I to visit her last night.
A. went B. was going C. has gone D. will go
9. --- Look at that beautiful sky！
--- It looks like it a wonderful day.
A. was B. will be C. is going to be D. would be
10. Donny helped us get the tickets. We __________to Guangzhou next Wednesday.
A. flew B. fly C. are flying D. will have flown
11. Hurry up！ The train __________ at 7：00.
A. leaves B. left C. was leaving D. leave
12. It has been well accepted by most English learners that practice _______ perfect.
A. made B. will make C. makes D. make
13. --- How can I apply for an online course？
--- Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you.
A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see
14. - Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya？ - Who _______ it？
A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written
15. Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ into being.
A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come
3. 翻譯練習
① 他並不總是在6點鐘下班，有時他會工作到7點。
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② 機會總是青睞有準備的人。
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③ 如果她來看我，我會很高興。
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④ 那個年輕人把座位讓給了一位老大爺。
___________________________________________________________________________
⑤ 你畢業之後想要幹什麼。
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⑥ 他們明晚出發去上海。
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