【導讀】今天的精讀文章是選自經濟學人最新一期(Feb.29th 2020),不知道你也沒有發現,這周的三篇精讀筆記是來自3篇不同的外刊文(前兩篇分別來自South China Morning Post和Forbes)。這三篇文章從不同角度來談疫情背景下走進公眾視野的在線教育,前兩篇原文很長,我都只選擇了其中幾段分享筆記。今天這篇文章又從另一個角度來談論疫情下的網上授課模式給各方帶來的影響,學生上網課時如何監管,師生關係有了什麼變化?一起來讀外刊-學英語-看世界!
本期精讀筆記回看:
讀報刊學英語:在線教育-精讀筆記00
讀報刊學英語:在線教育-精讀筆記01
大標題:
Remote learning
小標題:
Getting to know your teacher
【標題解析】
remote/rmt/ 表示「偏遠的、偏僻的;遙遠的」,在計算機領域,remote就表示「遠程的」
e.g. a remote terminal/database 遠程終端╱資料庫
所以,remote learning就是「遠程學習」
總結一下這次的在線教育話題,對「在線/線上/網絡/遠程學習」的表達我們就可以使用以下替換使用:online learning/e-learning/cloud learning/remote learning
再來看小標題部分:Getting to know your teacher
看到這個小標題,不知道你會不會有點兒印象,七年級Starter Unit 1的標題就是「Getting to know you」——逐漸認識你。
那我們就跟著小標題來「逐漸認識你的老師」吧。
引語:
Education has been badly disrupted by covid-19. There are upsides
2019新冠肺炎嚴重擾亂了教育。但也不無好處。
【語言點】
upside:the more positive aspect of a situation that is generally bad (糟糕局面的)好的一面,光明的一面,正面;
upside用在這裡可謂恰如其分。回想一下我們在上一周的「如何分析利弊」中學到的幾個表達利弊的詞語,你還想得到幾種呢?
原文1
Remote learning 01.mp3
00:56來自外刊譯言
「Don’t delete your browser history,」 Lin Kai warns his 11-year-old son, who is supposed to be live-streaming lectures delivered by his schoolteachers. Mr Lin has reason to be anxious. To curb the spread of covid-19, the authorities have closed schools and universities indefinitely. But 「study must not stop」, says the education ministry. Under its orders, the country’s biggest exercise in remote learning is under way,watched over by parents. Mr Lin, who lives in the eastern city of Hangzhou, has caught his son being distracted by online games. He wants his son to know that he will inspect the browser for evidence of such naughtiness.
【句子】
①「Don’t delete your browser history,」 ②Lin Kai warns his 11-year-old son, ③who is supposed to be live-streaming lectures ④delivered by his schoolteachers.
【句子結構分析】
本句是包含一直接引語的複合句。②是主句,①是直接引語,作為warn的賓語;③是who引導的非限制性定語從句,who指代「his 11-year-old son」;④是過去分詞短語作後置定語,修飾限定名詞lectures;
【語言點】
be supposed to(按規定、習慣、安排等)應當,應該,須
e.g. I thought we were supposed tobe paid today. 我以為我們今天會領到薪水呢。
e.g. 這些都不是從天上掉下來的,而是中菲關係原本應有的常態。None of this has happened by accident; it merely reflects what the relationshipis supposed to be like.
stream:名詞用法表示「小溪、小河」,其動詞用法在計算機領域就可表示「用流式傳輸,流播」,意思是無須待整個文件下載到計算機便可播放網際網路上的視頻或音頻文件;live-stream在這裡也是動詞用法,是現場直播的意思。live-stream lectures直播講座/教學
常見名詞詞組:live streaming流媒體直播,ive streaming video流媒體視頻;
e.g. With the combined power of e-commerce and live-streaming, an individual can set a higher daily sales record than a major retailer. 在電商和直播的合力下,一個人可以創造比大型零售商。
curb:to control or limit sth, especially sth bad 控制,抑制,限定,約束(不好的事物)
e.g. He needs to learn to curb his temper. 他得學著控制自己的脾氣。
e.g. 共同遏制信息技術濫用take collective action to curb information technology abuses
根據前幾期的精讀筆記,我們又可以總結出來,表達「限制,控制」概念的替換詞有5C:curb/contain/control/constrain/check,還有stem,rein in等
indefinitely /ndefntli/ :for a period of time with no fixed limit 無限期地
e.g. The visit has now been postponed indefinitely. 這次訪問現在已被無限期地推遲。
under way:having started 已經開始;在進行中
e.g. 中國文化中心設立工作正在有序推進。At present, the work to complete the establishment of the Chinese Culture Center is under way on a regular basis.
e.g. Preparations are well under wayfor a week of special events in May. 五月份特別活動周的準備工作已經順利開展。
watch over sb/sth:to take care of sb/sth; to guard and protect sb/sth 照管;監督;保護
exercise:作名詞時我們熟悉的含義是「鍛鍊、運動」,在這裡是熟詞僻義,表示「an activity that is designed to achieve a particular result (為達到特定結果的)活動」
e.g. an exercise in public relations 公共關係活動
naughtiness/ntins/ 頑皮,淘氣
【參考譯文】
「不要刪除你的瀏覽器歷史記錄,」林凱(音譯,Lin Kai)警告他11歲的兒子說。孩子原本應該在聽學校老師進行的直播講座。林先生感到焦慮是有原因的。為了控制2019新冠肺炎(covid-19)傳播,當局已經無限期地關閉了中小學和大學。但是教育部規定,「停課不停學」。根據教育部規定,全國進行著最大規模的遠程教育活動,而監督孩子遠程學習的任務便交給了家長。林先生家在中國東部城市杭州,他發現兒子被網路遊戲分散了注意力。他想讓兒子知道,他會檢查瀏覽器,看是否會抓到兒子玩網路遊戲的證據。
原文2
There are other ways to enforce discipline. Liu Weihua, who teaches at Wuhan University of Technology, cold-calls his students during live streams. With sit-down exams now impossible, his grading system places more emphasis on how students perform in classroom discussions, Mr Liu explains. These are conducted using video-conferencing platforms such as Dingtalk by Alibaba, a tech giant, and Ketang by Tencent, a competitor.
【句子】
①With sit-down exams now impossible, ②his grading system places more emphasis on ③how students perform in classroom discussions, ④Mr Liu explains.
【句子結構分析】
④是主句,①②③構成explains的賓語,是賓語從句;①是with的複合結構「with+賓語+賓語補足語(形容詞)」,在句子中作狀語,其中賓語補足語可以是名詞,形容詞,副詞,現在分詞(主謂關係),過去分詞(動賓關係),不定式(將要發生),介詞短語;③是嵌套在賓語從句中的賓語從句,作介詞on的賓語;
【語言點】
cold-call:to make a cold call. 打陌生推銷電話; 進行陌生推銷拜訪,上門推銷;其名詞形式為cold-calling,cold caller就表示陌生拜訪者、電話銷售
cold-calling,又名冷電。由於接收來電的人一般都不期望來電者是個陌生人,英語圈的人都會將這種關係描述成「冷」。對推銷者而言進行意外訪問式推銷可能很容易令他們感到艱難或洩氣,他們會經常在電話中被回絕、掛線,甚至遭到投訴。接到陌生推銷電話的人亦會對這種推銷手法感到厭惡,因為他們希望電話中的人是他們認識和關心的,而不是素未謀面又搬出推銷腔調的人的聲線。為了增加冷電推銷的成功率,一些銷售公司會篩選出潛質較高的人或公司的電話號碼進行利用。所以cold-calling也可表示向潛在主顧冷不防打的電話。
那麼在這個網絡授課的背景下,cold-call是否可以理解為在直播授課時,通過授課平臺的語音功能來跟學生連麥,讓學生更多的參與到網絡課堂中。好像他們會使用一個新詞,「上麥」?
place emphasis on:重視,強調
【參考譯文】
還有其他方法來加強紀律。在武漢理工大學(Wuhan University of Technology)任教的劉偉華(音譯)會在直播中讓學生上麥。劉先生解釋說,由於現在不可能坐在教室考試,他的評分體系更加強調學生在課堂討論中的表現。課堂討論可以通過視頻會議平臺進行,如科技巨頭阿里巴巴(Alibaba)的釘釘(Dingtalk)及其競爭對手騰訊課堂(Ketang)。
原文3
Slow internet speeds at home are no excuse for shirking, says Yue Qiu, a secondary-school teacher in Beijing. If connections are too wobbly for video calls, students can download audio files and assignments. Parental supervision is encouraged. The municipal government of Beijing has decreed that, in households with two working parents, one is entitled to stay home without any loss of pay.
【語言點】
shirking逃避,偷懶;其動詞為shirk
e.g. Discipline in the company was strict and no one shirked. 公司有嚴格的紀律,沒有人偷懶。
e.g. 脫貧摘帽後工作放鬆,有的摘帽縣出現撤攤子、甩包袱、歇歇腳的情況,有的摘帽縣不是把精力物力用在鞏固成果上,而是慶功搞鋪張浪費。Finally, we have seen efforts slacken after exits from poverty, with some counties abandoning poverty alleviation projects, shirking their responsibilities, or choosing to take a break, while others have wasted energy and resources on celebrations instead of building on their achievements.
wobbly不穩定的;擺動的;作名詞時,指的是突然發脾氣,throw a wobbly勃然大怒;猛發脾氣
decree命令;頒布
households with two working parents雙職工家庭
entitle使享有權利;使符合資格
e.g. You will be entitled toyour pension when you reach 65. 你到65歲就有資格享受養老金。
【參考譯文】
嶽秋(音譯,Yue Qiu)是北京一名中學教師,她說,家裡網速慢不是偷懶的藉口。如果看直播授課時網絡連接太不穩定,學生可以下載音頻文件和家庭作業。家長要在家監督。北京市政府已經頒布法令,雙職工家庭有一人可帶薪在家看護未成年子女。
以上。