風華正安徽 | 繁昌：春谷存古韻 如今繁而昌

群山環繞、北靠長江，這裡是皖南門戶；這裡有240萬年前古人類活動的遺址人字洞，是整個亞歐地區最古老的古人類活動地區，早於北京周口店160萬年；有制瓷工藝領先瓷都景德鎮300多年的繁昌窯；2006年被評為安徽全省第一個工業縣（區），是2019年度全省製造業發展綜合十強縣（區），也是人均收入全省最高的縣（區）。

繁昌，一直走在安徽縣（區）域經濟的第一梯隊，這裡，也正迸發著前所未有的生機。

繁昌美麗鄉村晨曦

Beautiful countryside of Fanchang in the morning

Surrounded by mountains and adjacent to the Yangtze River in the north, Fanchang is the gateway to the south of Anhui. Renzidong Cave, a remote ancient human activity site about 2.4 million years ago, is here. Fanchang Kiln, with its porcelain manufacturing technology leading Jingdezhen for more than 300 years, is also here. As the richest county in terms of per capita income in the province, Fanchang was honored as Anhui's No.1 industrial county in 2006 and listed among Anhui's top 10 counties in comprehensive manufacturing development in 2019.

Fanchang, full of unprecedented vitality, is advancing in the first echelon of county economy in Anhui.

千年的蛻變——從春谷縣到繁昌區

From Chungu county to Fanchang District in a millennium transformation

2020年7月6日，經國務院批覆同意，繁昌撤縣設區。位於安徽東南部的繁昌區，其實早在240萬年前，就有古人類活動。新石器時期，先祖聚居繁衍，創造了燦爛的繆墩文化。西漢元封二年（公元前109年）設春谷縣，這是繁昌最早的名字。三國時期，周瑜曾在這裡任春谷長。晉元帝司馬睿南遷，在此僑置繁昌。南唐升元年間復置縣治後，繁昌名一直沿襲至今。

俯瞰繁昌全貌

A panoramic view of Fanchang

歷代著名詩人王維、李白、梅堯臣曾行跡於此，留下了許多美麗的詩篇。解放戰爭時期，人民解放軍百萬雄師「渡江第一船」在境內登陸。

據悉，李白曾在繁昌的隱靜寺遊歷，並有詩：「我聞隱靜寺，山水多奇蹤。巖種朗公橘，門深杯渡松。道人制猛虎，振錫還孤峰。他日南陵下，相期谷口逢。」彼時南陵包含今繁昌、南陵一帶，李白只要由水路遊歷，大凡都要經過繁昌。

Fanchang was transformed from county administration into urban district administration on July 6, 2020. In the Neolithic period,human ancestors created Miaodun culture here. In 109 BC, a county was chartered here called Chungu, the earliest name of Fanchang came into being. During the Three Kingdoms period,Zhou Yu served as the mayor here. Sima Rui, emperor of Yuan in the Jin Dynasty, named this place Fanchang for migrants when he shifted the country capital to the south. The name of Fanchang has been followed since the restoration of county administration in the Southern Tang Dynasty.

荻港江畔

Digang Port by the Yangtze River

Ancient famous poets like Wang Wei, Li Bai and Mei Yaochen visited here and left may beautiful poems. During the War of Liberation, the "first ship of the PLA that has crossed the Yangtze River" landed here.

It is reported that Li Bai once visited Yinjing Temple in Fanchang and left a very touching poem dedicated to the history, culture and landscape of Fanchang. In that poem, he said he would like to visit the place again. In fact, each time when he planned a journey or a tour by waterway, he listed Fanchang in his itinerary.

全國3D列印產業創新發展高地——

春谷3D列印

Chungu 3D Printing, a national innovative leader in 3D printing industry development

繁昌工業起步早、經濟基礎較好，2006年即成為全省第一個工業縣，主要有醫藥食品、輕紡服裝、冶金機械、新型建材四大支柱產業。此前，繁昌先後獲得十多項國家級榮譽稱號——國家級綠色模範縣、投資潛力縣、創新百強縣、文明縣城等等，2019年全區地方生產總值298億元，同比增長8.3%；財政收入54.3億元。繁昌區人均財政收入、人均工業增長值和人均GDP三項指標連續十幾年位居安徽省縣（區）第一位，所以繁昌的人均收入在全省縣區中是最高的。

春谷3D列印展廳

Chungu 3D printing exhibition hall

這一方面得益於這裡的區域優勢。繁昌位於國家級皖江城市帶承接產業轉移示範區核心區，交通便捷，京福高鐵、滬銅鐵路、寧安城際鐵路、沿江高速、滁黃高速等在此交匯。這樣的區位優勢，吸引了大量優質企業落戶於此。

目前，繁昌春谷3D列印產業園，已經成為華東地區最大的增材製造產業集聚區，正發展成為全國產業鏈最齊全的增材製造產業園區之一。在春谷3D列印智能裝備產業園，共籤約落戶3D列印企業60餘家，產品涉及整機設備、專用材料、數據軟體、應用服務等多個領域，基本構建出了全產業鏈不斷高端延伸。

3D列印製作的鞋子

Shoes made by 3D printing

Fanchang started its industry earlier than other places and boasts of a good economic foundation. In 2006, it became the first industrial county in the province, featuring four pillar industries of medicine and food, textile and clothing, metallurgy and machinery,and new building materials. It has been awarded a dozen national honors, such as green model county, profitable county for investment, innovative county in the list of top 100, and model county of civilization. In 2019, its GDP reached 29.8 billion, 8.3% up year on year and its financial revenue was 5.43 billion yuan. Fanchang has maintained for more than ten years on the top of the index lists of per capita financial income, per capita industrial growth value and per capita GDP among counties in Anhui.Fanchang is the richest county in Anhui in terms of per capita income.

繁昌經濟開發區

Fanchang Economic Development Zone

The fast development can be credited to the location advantages.Being in the core demo area for industry relocation in Wanjiang City Belt, Fanchang is easily accessible as the Beijing-Fuzhou High-Speed Railway, Shanghai-Tongling Railway, Nanjing-Anqing Intercity Railway, the expressway along the Yantze and the Chuzhou-Huangshan Expressway meet here. Thanks to that, many enterprises have been attracted to Fanchang.

Now, Fanchang Chungu 3D Printing Industrial Park is the largest additive manufacturing industry cluster in East China. It will be developing into one of the most complete AM industrial parks in China featuring most complete industry chain. In the intelligent equipment campus of the industrial park, more than 60 3D enterprises have settled. The products cover the whole set of equipment, special materials, data software, application services,etc. The industry chain has continuously extended to higher end.

歐亞大陸最古老人類活動遺址——

人字洞

Renzidong Cave, the oldest human activity site in Eurasia

人字洞遺址公園位於繁昌區孫村鎮癩痢山南坡，是一處舊石器時代早期文化遺址，地質時代距今約220萬~ 256萬年，該遺址是歐亞大陸最古老的舊石器文化遺址。2006年5月25日，人字洞遺址被國務院公布為第六批全國重點文物保護單位。

今年7月，中科院古脊椎所與美國紐約大學、繁昌文物局合作，在國際古人類學著名期刊《人類演化雜誌》上發表了發現於安徽繁昌的上猿超科新屬種：金氏繁昌上猿，其生存年代距今約為1800萬年。這對國際上研究人類起源的歷史，也具有極大的影響和作用。

人字洞遺址考古發掘發現的一具成年個體乳齒象的臼齒化石

Molar fossils of a grown-up mastodon unearthed in the archaeological excavation site by Renzidong Cave

除此之外，專家們還發現了距今約215萬年的乳齒象頭骨，這是第一次在中國境內發現乳齒象，因此將其命名為「中華乳齒象」。在此之前，學界普遍認為乳齒象起源於美洲，而人字洞遺址的中華乳齒象頭骨化石，也讓原有結論需要被重新思考和研究。

人字洞遺址考古發掘現場

Archaeological excavation site by Renzidong Cave

Located on the south slope of Mt. Laili, Suncun Town, Renzidong Cave Park is an early Paleolithic cultural site dating back to about 2.2-256 million years ago geologically age is. It is the oldest Paleolithic cultural site in Eurasia. On May 25, 2006, the cave was included by the State Council in the 6th batch of national key cultural relics under national protection.

In July this year, the CAS Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, New York University, and Fanchang Cultural Heritage Administration jointly published in the Journal of Human Evolution the discovery of Fanchangia jini belonging to genus-species of pliopithecoidea living about 18 million years ago. The archeological finding in Fanchang is of great importance to the international study of anthropogenesis.

In addition, archeologists also found in Fanchang skull fossils of a mastodon that is about 2.15 million years old, which was named Chinese Mastodon for it was the animal first ever found in China. As it was generally believed that mastodon originated in America, the fossils of mastodon from the Renzidong Cave would surely trigger a new round of study and thinking on the former conclusion.

泥土中的瓷器會說話——繁昌窯

Fanchang Kiln site, unearthed porcelain tells you its history

中國是瓷的國度。早在公元8世紀，中國瓷器就曾與絲綢、茶葉一起源源不斷輸往海外。繁昌窯的發現，以其獨特的內涵為我國青白瓷的研究提供了新的視角，掀開了早期青白瓷燒制工藝的神秘面紗。

繁昌窯分布於繁昌縣城西南郊、峨溪河上遊兩岸的山崗緩坡地帶。這裡瓷石資源豐富，水運交通便利，燃料充足。據調查，在繁昌縣城周邊約20平方公裡的範圍內，發現駱衝窯、柯衝窯、姚衝窯、半邊街窯窯址多處，現有窯業遺存100多萬平方米。

繁昌窯遺址外景

A view of the Fanchang Kiln Museum

1954年，繁昌窯首次被發掘。1995年和2015年，中國古陶瓷學會先後兩次在繁昌召開年會，繁昌窯歷史價值經充分論證。2002年至2015年，兩次大規模系統發掘，讓繁昌窯文化內涵得到全面揭示。

繁昌窯創燒於五代。五代十國的南唐，是亂世中的一方淨土，因為對文化的重視和對外貿易的開拓，開始在水運便捷、瓷土豐富的繁昌創燒青白瓷，並成就一代名窯——宣州窯。青白瓷的出現，打破了自唐代以來，中國瓷器南方青瓷北方白瓷的產業格局。多數專家學者認為，中國十大傳世名畫《韓熙載夜宴圖》中，所呈現的部分青白瓷器就是繁昌窯產品。

繁昌窯1號龍窯遺址

Longyao, No.1 kiln of the Fanchang Kiln Site

學術界在對繁昌窯不斷的考古研究中，得出一個令人驚嘆的結論：一千多年前，繁昌窯率先使用瓷石加高嶺土「二元配方」的制瓷工藝，領先著名瓷都景德鎮300多年，為中國瓷器工藝技術發展做出了重要貢獻。

China is famous for its porcelain production. The country started the export of porcelain, together with silk and tea,to overseas countries as early as in the eighth century. The discovery of Fanchang Kiln site has unveiled the mystery of the early firing process for bluish white porcelain and will provide a new perspective for the study on the porcelain in China.

Fanchang Kiln site is scattered in the southwest suburb of Fanchang and on the gentle slope of the hilly land on the both side of the upper reaches of the Exi River, where chinastone and fuel are abundant and the places are easily accessible by waterway. Quite a few kilns have been found in a land area of about 20 square kilometers, covering a total of about 1 million square meters.

Fanchang Kiln site was first excavated in 1954. The China Society of Ancient Ceramics held two annual meetings in Fanchang in 1995 and 2015 to demonstrate the historical value of Fanchang Kiln. Two more large-scale systematic excavations were carried out from 2002 to 2015, which revealed the cultural connotation of Fanchang Kiln.

繁昌窯出土的文物——溫壺（上）和蓮花託盞（下）

Items unearthed from the Fanchang Kiln Site: a set of warming liquor pot and a cup on a lotus flower-shaped saucer

Fanchang Kiln started porcelain production in the Five Dynasties over 1,000 years ago. At that time, the Southern Tang Dynasty chose Fanchang, a place rich in porcelain clay and convenient for waterway transport to produce porcelain for foreign trade. The quality bluish white porcelain produced there won the kiln an acknowledged title: Xuanzhou Kiln.The outcome of bluish white porcelain had changed the industrial pattern of porcelain production that the celadon was only produced in the south while the white porcelain in the north since the Tang Dynasty. It is believed some of the porcelain items in the celebrated painting of Night Revels of Han Xizai were produced in Fanchang.

After continuous research on Fanchang Kiln,archaeologists concluded that the porcelain production process adopted in Fanchang featuring the application of the "dual formula" of chinastone and kaolin over 1,000 years ago is 300-odd years earlier than Jingdezhen, which is considered an important contribution to the development of the porcelain technology in China.

烽火中的歲月可緬懷——譚震林故居

Former residence of Tan Zhenlin, a reminder of the Anti-Japanese War

繁昌地處「皖南門戶」，北臨長江，西通中部腹地，是新四軍軍部及後方基地的重要屏障。1938年12月，譚震林率領新四軍第三支隊進駐銅陵、南陵、繁昌抗日前線，擔負起三個地區的防禦作戰任務，自此揭開了保衛繁昌一系列戰鬥的序幕。

如今，在繁昌孫村鎮中分村，譚震林故居安靜地坐落於此。中分村是原新四軍第三支隊司令部所在地，譚震林將軍曾在此指揮過載入軍史的「塘口壩血戰」「繁昌保衛戰」等著名戰役，並在此和田秉秀相識、戀愛、結婚，村口的老樺樹下，譚震林曾和妻子留下珍貴合影，這裡的一草一木見證了當年的革命愛情。

1939年6月譚震林在繁昌赤沙中分村的結婚照

A wedding photo of Tan Zhenlin and his wife taken in Zhongfen Village of Chisha Town, Fanchang, in June 1939

Located at the "gateway to the south of Anhui", facing the Yangtze River to the north and leading to the central part of China in the west,Fanchang served as an important barrier protecting the headquarters the rear base of the New Fourth Army. In December 1938, Tan Zhenlin led the third detachment of the New Fourth Army to the front line along Tongling, Nanling and Fanchang, and waged several battles against Japanese invaders to defend Fanchang.

赤沙中分村村口的老樺樹

The time-honored birch trees at the entrance to Zhongfen Village of Chisha Town

The former residence of Tan Zhenlin is in Zhongfen Village, Suncun Town of Fanchang. The village was the location of the headquarters of the third detachment of the army, where General Tan Zhenlin commanded several brilliant battles such as the Tangkouba Bloody Battle and the Fanchang Defense Battle, all recorded in the military history. It is also here the general met, fell in love with and married his wife Tian Bingxiu. They once took a photo under the old birch tree in front of the village that witnessed the love in revolutionary years.

新四軍第三支隊司令部舊址

The site of the headquarters of the third detachment of the New Fourth Army

In addition, archeologists also found in Fanchang skull fossils of a mastodon that is about 2.15 million years old, which was named Chinese Mastodon for it was the animal first ever found in China. As it was generally believed that mastodon originated in America, the fossils of mastodon from the Renzidong Cave would surely trigger a new round of study and thinking on the former conclusion.

世界最長的高空玻璃系綜合體——

馬仁奇峰

Maren Qifeng Complex, where stands the world's longest glass rafting complex

繁昌山川秀美、資源豐富。這裡地處長江中下遊衝積平原與皖南丘陵山區的過渡帶，四季分明，氣候宜人。境內河流縱橫，湖泊、水庫眾多，地表水年平均資源量約20.2億立方米。

繁昌孫村鎮馬仁奇峰有「皖南張家界、江濱小黃山」之稱，是國家AAAA級景區、國家級森林公園。今年9月，馬仁奇峰景區舉行了5項世界紀錄認證儀式，這5項世界紀錄分別是：世界最長的森林高空玻璃漂流、世界落差最大的森林高空漂流、世界最長的高空玻璃系體驗綜合體以及北緯30度面積最大楠木林和世界最大的福鼎。其中，玻璃漂流全長2828米，落差218米創三項世界紀錄。

馬仁奇峰玻璃棧道

Maren Qifeng Glass Skywalk

稀奇的是，在馬仁奇峰景區，成片生長的楠木林近千畝，六萬多棵珍貴楠木，全為天然野生，棵棵樹齡都在100年以上，有不少高達300多年。

來馬仁奇峰，如不去品嘗山腳下蒙古包內的魚頭鍋，可謂浪費此行。食材採用千島湖野生活魚，佐以精緻絕妙廚藝，可謂人間一絕。

Fanchang is picturesque and has abundant resources. Being in the transition zone between the alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze and the hilly and mountainous area in southern Anhui, it enjoys distinct seasons and pleasant climate. Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs total the average annual resource quantity of surface water to about 2.02 billion cubic meters.

Maren Qifeng Peak by Suncun Town is a national AAAA tourist attraction and also a national forest park. This September, the scenic area of the peak celebrated the world record certification for its five tourist service items, namely: the world's longest forest overhead glass rafting route,the world's biggest-fall forest rafting route, the world's longest glass route experience complex, the world's largest nanmu forest in the 30 degrees north latitude, and the world's largest Fuding (cauldron-like sacrificial vessel). The total length of the glass rafting route is 2828 meters,and the fall is 218 meters, all hitting high of the world records.

晨霧中的馬仁奇峰

Maren Qifeng clad in the morning mist

It is really rare that in the Malin Qifeng Scenic Area is a nanmu forest covering nearly 1,000 mu, more than 60,000 precious nanmu are all natural wild. The age of the trees is over 100 years old and many of them are aged at up to 300 years.

People say it is a false journey to Maren Qifeng if you don't have a taste of the fish head pot in the Mongolian Yurt at the foot of the peak. The fresh fish is from the nearby Qiandao Lake, with exquisite and wonderful culinary art, the food can be rated the best in the world.

（本欄目部分圖片由繁昌區委宣傳部提供）

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文字： 孫婷

圖片：刑朝明 楊華 高斌

翻譯：王冀皖

譯審：A. Mabaire（英國）

編輯：張倩瑩

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