在英語學習中, 我們因閱讀量有限, 很難遇到和掌握每個多義詞的各個意義, 因此, 在試卷中不可避免地會出現熟詞生義。這給我們造成理解上的障礙, 特別是完形填空。
例如高考英語全國Ⅲ卷完形填空中的第53題的答案bearing。學生往往熟悉bear 做名詞, 表示「熊」, 他們很難想到bearing 表示「攜帶」 的意義:
53. He turned up at the hospital 53gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.
A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making
小試牛刀
下面我們選取的幾道高考真題,第二欄是標註的熟義,你可以在第三欄裡寫下在句子中的生義。一起來試試吧!
1. One more look and he noticed flames shootingout from under the vehicle. ( 2016 年全國I 卷)
2. Oncefire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man backed off. ( 2016 年全國I 卷)
3. Sitting back in the car on the way to airport, I figured_it all out. (2016 年全國II 卷)
4. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for practice. (2016 年全國III 卷)
5. I then made it a pointto attend those meetings and learn all I could. (2017年全國I 卷)
6. Freddy was an average_student, but not an averageperson.(2017年全國II 卷)
7. A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But restrictions apply. ( 2017 年全國III卷)
8. Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his thengirlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round -the -world air tickets in May. (2017 年全國III 卷)
9. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him; he meant business. ( 2018年全國I 卷)
10. On every single move you have to analyze a situation, processwhat your opponent (對手) is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.」 (2018 年全國I 卷)
11. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was shakingviolently. (2018 年全國II卷)
12. When most of us get a textmessage on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say 「sorry, wrong number!」and move on. ( 2018 年全國III 卷)
參考答案:
1.vi. 冒出
2. conj. 一……就
3. vt. (out) 弄明白
4. vi. 鍛鍊
5. n. 特別留意
6. adj. 普通的
7. vi 適用
8. adj. 當時的
9. n. 要事(mean business 是認真的)
10. vt. 審視
11. adv. 猛烈地
12. n. 文本
怎麼樣?你寫對了多少呢?縱觀高考試題,熟詞生義主要涉及四個方面,即:動詞偏義現象、名詞偏義現象、形容詞偏義現象、詞性活用導致偏義現象。
一、動詞偏義現象
1. They had been such a happy distraction(調劑) that I have saved all the postcards and still bring them out to read when I need a lift.
save
熟義:v. 救,挽救
生義:v. 省去;留存
2. Angela was all smiles and broke the news to Amy and Daniel.
break
熟義:v. 打破,弄斷
生義:v. 最先道出實情
3.On the day Joe graduate, he presented the teacher with his most precious possession----the picture of a bright yellow sun. On the picture Joe had written: This is the day I woke up to my brightness.
wake up to
熟義:v. 醒來
生義:v. 意識到,認識到
4. I felt a little uneasy, but to my relief, I had a good excuse: A business had run over and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.
run over
熟義:v. 碾過
生義:v. 剛剛結束
二、名詞偏義現象
1. Upon awaking, I went to the kitchen to start the coffee, tea and morning goodies... I stood the shocked, crying a river, asking myself how my son could afford this expensive gift. Of course, the house awoke, and my son was thrilled with my reaction.
house
熟義:n. 房子
生義:n.全家人
2.To get an education, he has struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His dad couldn't afford the board at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.
board
熟義:n. 木板
生義:n. 膳食
3. For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard, he simply stared down at his fingers. Has he forgotten the notes.
note
熟義:n. 筆記,便條
生義:n. 音符
4. I’m not suggesting you ignore problems, or that you pretend things are better than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are——at least most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big deal.
deal
熟義:v. 交易
生義:n. 重要的事
三、形容詞偏義現象
1.What was supposed to be a stopgap (權宜之計) trip turned into a new life. I kept travelling between London and here and felt lighter than I had in months.
light
熟義:adj. 輕的n. 光
生義:adj. 輕鬆愉快的
2.Just sitting in the wheelchair was a learning experience. I had never considered before how awkward it would be to use one.
awkward
熟義:adj. 笨拙的
生義:adj. 難對付的,使用不便的
四、詞性活用導致偏義現象
1. I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, when children from different races and religious stayed and studied together in harmony. At that time my family lived a stone's throw from Ismail’s.
throw
熟義:v. 扔,投
生義:n. 一步之遙
2. While nursing her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine.
nurse
熟義:n. 護士
生義:v. 護理
針對熟詞生義這一命題趨勢,我們在複習中就應該特別注意以下幾點:
首先,培養自己在語境中猜詞悟義的能力。依託語境和已有的知識進行合理的推斷和猜測。這一能力需要紮實的基本功和駕馭語言的能力,要善於利用已有的知識對詞彙的意義進行延伸理解,捕捉與所給語言環境意義相關聯的信息,從而做出符合語境的判斷。
其次,加大知識儲備的力度,注意積累,不斷擴充詞彙量。在複習中對那些平時比較熟悉的詞彙不要滿足於知其一,更要知其二,這就要在學習中多查閱詞典。查詞典時,不應把重點放在我們熟悉的詞條上,應繼續研讀後面詞條的意思,深究詞彙的內涵。這樣,既可以拓寬自己的知識視野,也完善了已有的知識儲備庫。
英文中有句諺語:Familiarity breeds contempt.(熟生蔑;親近生輕侮)。不過,對於常見詞可不要「熟生蔑」,否則吃大虧!希望同學們在複習中重視熟詞生義的積累,減少不應有的失分。
公開課
微課主講人:濟南高新區實驗中學李俏,視頻來源:濟南市教育資源公共服務平臺空中課堂
課件講解
熟詞生義500詞(用法+例句)
高中三年英語熟詞生義500詞(用法+例句),這裡全了!
高考英語語法填空詞性轉換必備詞彙,超實用,強烈收藏列印!
高考英語3500詞彙:單詞+詞組+句型(建議收藏)
近6年高考英語5大類詞形轉換全匯總!老師說必須掌握!
高考英語書面表達:2019全國卷公開課+書面表達策略,絕對精華