1 引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句(that, whether, if)
2 引導狀語從句 (時間-since, when ;理由-because ;條件-if,讓步-though, although;結果-so that;比較as...as...)
3 引導主語、賓語、表語從句等的從屬連詞
3-1 引導主語從句、賓語從句或表語從句等的連詞,主要有that,whether, if等
Whether he will come or not is still unknown.
(whether 引導主語從句)
他是否會來還不得而知
He said that he had a very good journey home.
(that 引導賓語從句)
他說他回家的旅行很順利
Her hope is that she will become a doctor.
(that引導表語從句)
她的希望就是將來成為一位醫生、
4 引導狀語從句的從屬連詞
根據其意義和作用,引導狀語從句的連詞大致可分為:
4-1 說明時間的連詞。常用的有after, before, as, since, until, while,when, as soon as等
I went to bed after I finished my homework.
我做完作業就睡覺了
Don't say that before you look at the picture.
在你看到圖像前先別那樣說
When she reached home, she had a short rest.
當她到家時,她稍微休息了一下
Go on until you see a bookshop on the right.
一直向前走,直到你看見在右邊的一家書店
4-2 說明原因或理由的連詞,常用的有because等
Young people like this time of year, because it is good for sports.
年輕人喜歡一年中這個時節,因為對運動有好處。
The children went to the farm, because the farmers needed help.
孩子們去了農場,因為農夫們需要幫助。
4-3 表示條件,引導條件狀態從句的從屬連詞。常用的有if 等
If you eat unclean food, you may be ill.如果你吃了不乾淨的食物,你會生病的。
If you cut in line, other people will not be pleased.如果你插隊,別人會不高興的。
4-4 表示讓步的意義,引導讓步狀態從句的從屬連詞。常用的有though,although等。
Though I like writing to my pen pal, it takes a lot of time.
雖然我喜歡寫信給我的筆友,但這要花很多時間。
Although Australia is very large, the population is very small.
雖然澳大利亞 面積 很大,人口卻很少。
4-5 表示結果,引導結果狀態從句的從屬連詞。常用的有so that, so that 等
He became so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他氣得說不出話來
He ran so quickly that he won the race. 他跑得那麼快,以至於他比賽獲勝。
4-6表示比較,引導狀態從句的從屬連詞。常用的有as...as, so...as, than等。
Ann jumped farther than Lily.安跳得比莉莉遠
English is not so dififcult as math. 英語沒有數學那麼難學
5 幾個連詞的用法區別
5-1 because,though,but
在中文裡,我們常用「因為……所以……」「雖然……但是……」,但是在英語句子裡,because和so,though和but都只能用其中一個,這點,我們一定要牢記。這是因為because和though是從屬連詞,so和but是並列連詞,他們不能並用。
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. 因為他病了,所以他沒有去上學。
Though we only stayed there for a few days, we had a great time.
雖然我們待在那裡只有幾天,( 但是)我們過得很愉快
He doesn't like writing letters, but he likes receiving them. (雖然)他不喜歡寫信,但是他喜歡收到信。
5-2 when,while
它們既是並列連詞(連接並列分句),也是從屬連詞 引導從句 。區別是:它們作並列連詞時,引導的句子不能放在句首,只能放在句末,在它們的前面一般要用逗號隔開,它們作從屬連詞時,引導的句子可放在句首,也可放在句末。when, while 作並列連詞時,意思分別為「在這 那 時」,而作從屬連詞時分別是「何時、當……時」和……同時」之意。
We were about to go when it began to rain. 我們正要走時,天空就下起雨了
(when 是並列連詞,作「就在這時」講)
When she knocked at the door, I was watching TV. 當她敲門時,我正在看電視。
(when 是從屬連詞,作「當……時」講)
She always sings in a low voice while she is working. 她總是一邊工作,一邊低聲唱歌。
(while是從屬連詞,作「當……時」講)
Tom can't have chicks, while hens can.湯姆不能孵出小雞,而母雞卻能。
(while是並列連詞,作「而、然而」講)
6 容易犯錯的句子
6-1 There is no air and water on the moon. (and換成or才正確)
在月球上沒有空氣和水
連詞and用在肯定句中,連接對等的詞或短語;在否定句中應用連詞or連接對等的詞或短語。
6-2 Mother bought me a present, and I didn’t like it. (and換成but才正確)
媽媽買給我一件禮物,但我不喜歡。
根據句意,應用表示轉折語氣的連詞
6-3 讓我們移開那塊石頭,否則可能會有意外發生。
Let's move that stone, and there may be an accident. 錯誤
Let's move that stone, or there may be an accident.正確
在句型「祈使句+ and/then +簡單句and或then表示肯定的條件如果表示否定的條件,則用or不用and,
6-4 你和我都不對
Both you and I are not right.錯誤
Neither you nor I am right.正確
both...and... 用在肯定句中,意思是「兩者都……」,表示「兩者都不……」,應用neither...nor...
6-5 他直到做完作業才睡覺
He went to bed until he finished his homework.錯誤
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.正確
表示「直到……才……」應用「not...until該句中主句的動詞為非延續性動詞,表示這一動作到何時才發生。