BBC 6 Minute English 是 BBC Learning English 出品的英語學習節目。每周一期，每期約6分鐘，兩位主播圍繞某個話題展開對話，非常適合英音愛好者模仿學習。
Note：This may not be a word-for-word transcript
Hello. This is6 Minute English and I'm Catherine.Sam, how do youfeel about tipping?Tipping? Youmean giving extra money to people in certain jobs for doing their jobs?給小費？你的意思是因為從事特定工作的人完成他們的工作而給他們額外的錢？Well, Iwouldn't put it quite like that.But yes, it'sgiving money to waiters and waitresses, hairdressers, taxi drivers - money thatis more than the actual bill.但是，是的，它是給服務員、理髮師、計程車司機的錢——那筆錢比實際帳單錢數要多。I never knowwho to tip, how to tip, by cash or by card, how much to tip – is it 10,12.5, 20 percent, or even if I should tip at all because in some places aservice charge is automatically added to the bill.我從不知道該給誰小費，如何給小費，是付現金還是用信用卡，也不知道應該給多少小費——是消費的10%，12。5%，20%？或者說我是否應該給小費，因為在一些地方服務費是自動加到帳單上。Yes, tipping isa really complicated issue which we will be looking at in this programme.是的，給小費是一個非常複雜的問題，我們將在本期節目中探討這個問題。But to startwith, a question.What is thebiggest tip that we know somebody gave?Is it… A:$10,000, is it… B: $250,000, or is it… C: $3,000,000?是A：1萬美元，B：25萬美元，還是C：300萬美元？I'm going to gofor $250,000.OK, we'll findout if you're right at the end of the programme.Now, back tothe topic of tipping and in particular, tipping people who work in restaurants.現在，回到給小費的話題上，尤其是給在餐廳工作的人小費。William Beckettruns a number of restaurants and he recently appeared on the BBC FoodProgramme.威廉·貝克特經營多家餐廳，最近還做客BBC美食節目。He was askedabout his view of tipping.Now as we hearhim, listen out for this information: in how many cities does he say hecurrently has restaurants?現在我們來聽聽他是怎麼說的：他說自己目前在幾個城市開了餐廳？It is cultural,i. e. it differs from place to place.I mean, we haverestaurants in London, we have a restaurant in Manchester, we're also opening arestaurant in New York and those three cities have quite different attitudes totipping.我的意思是，我們在倫敦有餐廳，在曼徹斯特也有餐廳，我們同樣要在紐約開了一家餐廳，這三個城市對於給小費有不同的態度。In London, thenorm is, it's there, it's on your bill.That's not thenorm, for example, in Manchester and it's not the norm in New York where we'regoing to open a restaurant later this year.例如，在曼徹斯特和紐約那都不是正常的。我們今年晚些時候要在紐約開一家餐廳。So, first, howmany cities does he currently have restaurants in?That would betwo. London and Manchester.He's going toopen one in New York later in the year, but it's not open yet.他今年晚些時候要在紐約開一家餐廳，但現在還沒有開張。And what doeshe say about tipping?Well, he saysthat it is very cultural.What is thenorm in one city is not necessarily the norm in another.The norm is anexpression that means, as you might guess, what is normal, what is usual."Thenorm"是一個表達，意思是，你可能猜到了，正常的，平常的。So in London,for example, a service charge is usually added to the bill, but in Manchester itisn't.例如，在倫敦服務費通常加在帳單上，但在曼徹斯特卻沒有。So the policyin London and Manchester differs which means, again as you might guess, it'sdifferent.所以倫敦和曼徹斯特的原則相異，正如你可能猜到的，這指的是不同。There's anothershort expression that he used that I'd like to highlight.Before he talksabout how the policies differ, he says i. e.These twoletters stand for the Latin phrase 'id est'.Now we neversay 'id est' but we do write and say i. e.現在我們從來不說"id est"，但是我們會寫和說"i。e"。。We use it toshow that what comes next is using different words to say what we have justsaid or written.我們用它來表示接下來用不同的單詞來表達我們剛剛說過或寫過的東西。So he says,about tipping, it's cultural i. e. it differs from place to place.It's cultural'is a more general statement and 'it differs from place to place' is a morespecific definition of what he means."它與文化相關"是一個更通常的說法，"它因地而異 "是對他所指的一個更具體的解說。So, onedifference is that in some places people prefer an automatic service charge sothat they don't have to think about or try to calculate a tip.所以一個不同之處在於，在一些地方人們更喜歡自動算上服務費，這樣他們就不用考慮或計算小費了。But in otherplaces, people hate that - they want to decide who and how much to tipthemselves.但在其它地方，人們討厭那樣——他們想決定給誰以及給多少小費。But do peopleactually make use of that freedom not to tip?Here's WilliamBecket again and this he's time talking about New York.這裡是威廉·貝克特又談到的，這次他要談論的是紐約。New York exactlythe same. There's a tacit pressure to tip.Buttheoretically you just stand up and walk out.You don't,everybody tips 20% or, there is a theory of an option.你不用給每個人20%的小費，或者說你可以選擇給不給。So he saysthere is a tacit pressure to tip.What does hemean by that?Something thatis tacit is not spoken, not said, yet it is still understood.So in New Yorkno one tells you that you have to tip, but everyone knows that you have to.所以在紐約沒有人告訴你要給小費，但每個人都知道你必須給。And becausethere is no service charge on the bill and no one tells you what to tip, youcould just walk out after paying.因為帳單上沒有服務費，而且也沒有人告訴你給多少小費，所以你付完錢就可以走。He says that'stheoretically possible.That meansalthough it may be possible it's actually very unlikely because of the tacitpressure and the way we behave.這意味著，儘管它是可能的，但實際上是非常不可能的，因為不言而喻的壓力以及我們的行為方式。Buthe does say people like that freedom not to tip, even if they don't actuallyuse that freedom.但是他確實說人們喜歡不給小費的那種自由，即使他們實際上並不利用這種自由。Right, nearlyvocabulary time, but first, let's have the answer to our question.好了，快到詞彙的時間了，但首先，讓我們來看看問題的答案。Now Sam what isthe biggest tip we know someone gave?Well it wasactually, believe it or not, a whopping $3,000,000.Yes! Now, onwith today's vocabulary review.Right. So we'vebeen talking about tipping, the practice of giving extra money to, for example,waitresses and waiters.好的。所以我們一直在討論給小費，例如給服務員額外的錢的慣常做法。To differ fromis a verb which means to be different from.The norm iswhat is usual or normal. i. e. is a short form of a Latin expression andit means 'in other words'.平常的就是指通常的或正常的。"i。e"。是一個拉丁文表達的縮寫形式，意思是"換句話說"。Something thatis tacit is not said but is nevertheless understood.And ifsomething is theoretically possible it can be done but for different reasons itprobably won't be.如果某件事在理論上是可能的，那麼它是被做的，但出於不同原因，它可能不會被做。And that iswhere we must leave it today.