課程介紹 (學習前閱讀)
本微課先讓學習者觀看動畫片《熊出沒》的視頻片段,然後展示一篇包含非謂語動詞作表語的小短文讓學習者在語境中感受非謂語動詞的三種形式:to do 、doing和done作表語的用法,並通過小短文中的例句來歸納非謂語動詞作表語的用法。鞏固練習中,通過描述趣味圖片讓學習者在體會趣味性的同時達到知識的遷移和運用。
學習目標:掌握非謂語動詞to do 、doing和done作表語的用法。
學習內容:觀看視頻,學習知識點
一. .觀看視頻並判斷描述視頻的短文中紅色字體在句子中所充當的成分。
In order to visit a sick old man in hospital, Xiong'er and Xiongda's plan was to pass off themselves as(把他們自己喬裝成)cleaning men. But they were frightened when almost recognized by another cleaning man. It is really annoying. Luckily, one of their talents is disguising(偽裝) themselves. However, they had better not do it again because disguising oneself is taking a risk.
二. 非謂語動詞作表語的用法:
I. 動名詞(doing)作表語:
Luckily, one of their talents is disguising(偽裝) themselves.
動名詞作表語相當於一個名詞作表語,含義是回答主語「是什麼」,主語和表語位置可以互換而含義不改變,強調的是一般性、抽象的、或經常發生的動作。
II. 不定式(to do)作表語:
……Xiong』er and Xiongda ’s plan was to pass off themselves as cleaning men.
不定式作表語也相當於一個名詞作表語,含義也是回答主語「是什麼」,主語和表語位置可以互換而含義不改變,但強調的是一次性、具體的、或將來發生的動作(表將來發生的動作時常與plan、goal 、dream 、ambition等連用)。
III. 現在分詞(doing)作表語:
It is really annoying.
現在分詞作表語相當於形容詞作表語,含義是回答主語「怎麼樣」,說明主語的特徵,主語和表語位置不可以互換,現在分詞在句中修飾「物」,可以翻譯成「令人……的」。
IV. 過去分詞(done) 作表語:
But they were frightened when almost recognized by another cleaning man.
過去分詞作表語相當於形容詞作表語,含義是回答主語「怎麼樣」,說明主語的狀態,在句中修飾「人」,可以翻譯成「感到……的」。
※注意:
However, they had better not do it again because disguising oneself is taking a risk. = to disguise oneself is to take a risk.
I. 用於平行結構中,主語和表語的形式要一致。即若主語用動名詞則表語也用動名詞,若主語用不定式則表語也用不定式。
II. 動名詞作表語、現在分詞作表語與現在進行時在形式上都有be doing,但用法上有區別:
1. His job is teaching English.
他的工作是教英語。(動名詞作表語,回答主語「是什麼」)
2.The news is surprising.
這則消息令人驚訝。(現在分詞作表語,回答主語「怎麼樣」)
3.He is teaching English.
他正在教英語。(現在進行時,回答主語「正在做……」)
III. 動詞不定式作表語與be to do表將來時的區別:
1.My dream is to be an English teacher.
我的夢想是做一名英語老師。(動詞不定式作表語,回答主語「是什麼」)
2.My English teacher is to leave China soon.
我的英語老師即將離開中國。(be to do表將來時,回答主語「即將做……」)
三.課堂練習:
1.(改錯) The boy is exciting when singing songs, so his performance is excited.
2 .(用動詞的正確形式填空)
Lily’s habit is (practice) running every morning. And her ambition is _______(be) an Olympic champion.
3. (用動詞的正確形式填空)
To do this is ________(cut) the foot to fit the shoes.
這樣做是削足適履。
四.Summary:非謂語動詞作表語的用法:
動名詞(doing)與不定式(to do)作表語都相當於一個名詞作表語,含義都是回答主語「 」,主語和表語的位置都 互換;但是動名詞強調的是 、 、
或 的動作;而不定式強調的是 、 、或 的動作。
※注意:平行結構中,動名詞或不定式作表語時,主語和表語的形式要 。
2.現在分詞(doing)與過去分詞(done)作表語都相當於一個形容詞作表語,含義都是回答主語「 」,主語和表語的位置都 互換; 但現在分詞是說明主語的 ,在句中修飾「 」,可譯成「 」;而過去分詞說明主語的 ,在句中修飾「 」,可譯成「 」
五.課後鞏固練習:用動詞的正確形式填空。
1. The film was quite _______(move), so I was deeply _______(move).
2. They music sounds very _______(excite), and everyone in the room soon gets _______(excite).
3. The most beneficial sport is _______(run).
4. Our aim is (help) them,not to teach them a lesson.
5. The situation is____ (encourage).
6. The door remained____ (lock) when he came again.
7. The news was (astonish).
8. We were (astonish) at the news.
9. She looked_____ (disappoint).
10. The bottles are (break).
練習參考答案:
1. moving; moved 2.exciting; excited 3. running 4. to help 5.encouraging
6.locked 7. astonishing 8. astonished 9. disappointed 10. broken