在上一篇《會話和鎖信息查詢視圖|全方位認識 sys 系統庫》中,我們介紹了如何使用 sys 系統庫總的視圖來查詢會話狀態信息以及鎖等待信息,本期的內容先給大家介紹查詢表和索引相關的統計信息快捷視圖。下面請跟隨我們一起開始 sys 系統庫的系統學習之旅吧。
PS:由於本文中所提及的視圖功能的特殊性(DBA日常工作中可能需要查詢一些統計信息做一些數據分析使用),所以下文中會列出部分視圖中的select語句文本,以便大家更直觀地學習它們。
01schema_auto_increment_columns在所有資料庫中(排除系統字典庫 mysql,sys,INFORMATION_SCHEMA,performance_schema)查找帶有自增列的基表及其相關的信息,默認按照自增值使用率和自增列類型最大值進行降序排序。數據來源:INFORMATION_SCHEMA的COLUMNS、TABLES
視圖查詢語句文本
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA,
TABLE_NAME,
COLUMN_NAME,
DATA_TYPE,
COLUMN_TYPE,
(LOCATE('unsigned', COLUMN_TYPE) = 0) AS is_signed,
(LOCATE('unsigned', COLUMN_TYPE) > 0) AS is_unsigned,
(
CASE DATA_TYPE
WHEN 'tinyint' THEN 255
WHEN 'smallint' THEN 65535
WHEN 'mediumint' THEN 16777215
WHEN 'int' THEN 4294967295
WHEN 'bigint' THEN 18446744073709551615
END >> IF(LOCATE('unsigned', COLUMN_TYPE) > 0, 0, 1)
) AS max_value,
AUTO_INCREMENT,
AUTO_INCREMENT / (
CASE DATA_TYPE
WHEN 'tinyint' THEN 255
WHEN 'smallint' THEN 65535
WHEN 'mediumint' THEN 16777215
WHEN 'int' THEN 4294967295
WHEN 'bigint' THEN 18446744073709551615
END >> IF(LOCATE('unsigned', COLUMN_TYPE) > 0, 0, 1)
) AS auto_increment_ratio
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES USING (TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME)
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('mysql', 'sys', 'INFORMATION_SCHEMA', 'performance_schema')
AND TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'
AND EXTRA='auto_increment'
ORDER BY auto_increment_ratio DESC, max_value;
下面我們看看使用該視圖查詢返回的結果
admin@localhost : sys 11:11:58> select * from schema_auto_increment_columns limit 5;
+----+--+---+-+---+-+---+--+-+--+
| table_schema | table_name | column_name | data_type | column_type | is_signed | is_unsigned | max_value | auto_increment | auto_increment_ratio |
+----+--+---+-+---+-+---+--+-+--+
| sbtest | sbtest1 | id | int | int(10) unsigned | 0 | 1 | 4294967295 | 10713891 | 0.0025 |
| sbtest | sbtest2 | id | int | int(10) unsigned | 0 | 1 | 4294967295 | 10710865 | 0.0025 |
| sbtest | sbtest3 | id | int | int(10) unsigned | 0 | 1 | 4294967295 | 10714919 | 0.0025 |
| sbtest | sbtest4 | id | int | int(10) unsigned | 0 | 1 | 4294967295 | 10714039 | 0.0025 |
| sbtest | sbtest5 | id | int | int(10) unsigned | 0 | 1 | 4294967295 | 10713075 | 0.0025 |
+----+--+---+-+---+-+---+--+-+--+
5 rows in set (1.50 sec)
視圖欄位含義如下:
TABLE_SCHEMA:包含自增值的表的schema名稱
TABLE_NAME:包含AUTO_INCREMENT值的表名
column_name:AUTO_INCREMENT值的列名稱
data_type:自增列的數據類型
COLUMN_TYPE:自增列的列屬性類型,即在數據類型基礎上加上一些其他信息。例如:對於bigint(20) unsigned,整個信息就被稱為列屬性類型,而數據類型只是指的bigint
is_signed:列類型是否是有符號的
is_unsigned:列類型是否是無符號的
MAX_VALUE:自增列的最大自增值
auto_increment:自增列的當前AUTO_INCREMENT屬性值
auto_increment_ratio:自增列當前使用的自增值與自增列最大自增值的比例,表示當前自增列的使用率
02schema_index_statistics,x$schema_index_statistics索引統計信息,默認按照使用索引執行增刪改查操作的總延遲時間(執行時間)降序排序,數據來源:performance_schema.table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage
視圖查詢語句文本
# 不帶x$前綴的視圖
SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA AS table_schema,
OBJECT_NAME AS table_name,
INDEX_NAME as index_name,
COUNT_FETCH AS rows_selected,
sys.format_time(SUM_TIMER_FETCH) AS select_latency,
COUNT_INSERT AS rows_inserted,
sys.format_time(SUM_TIMER_INSERT) AS insert_latency,
COUNT_UPDATE AS rows_updated,
sys.format_time(SUM_TIMER_UPDATE) AS update_latency,
COUNT_DELETE AS rows_deleted,
sys.format_time(SUM_TIMER_INSERT) AS delete_latency
FROM performance_schema.table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage
WHERE index_name IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY sum_timer_wait DESC;
# 帶x$前綴的視圖查詢語句與不帶x$前綴的視圖查詢語句相比,只是少了單位格式化函數
.
下面我們看看使用該視圖查詢返回的結果
# 不帶x$前綴的視圖
admin@localhost : sys 11:19:43> select * from schema_index_statistics limit 5;
+----+--+--++-++-+----+-+----+-+
| table_schema | table_name | index_name | rows_selected | select_latency | rows_inserted | insert_latency | rows_updated | update_latency | rows_deleted | delete_latency |
+----+--+--++-++-+----+-+----+-+
| xiaoboluo | test | PRIMARY | 1159 | 3.57 s | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps |
| sys | sys_config | PRIMARY | 1 | 62.53 ms | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps |
| sbtest | sbtest1 | i_c | 20 | 31.43 ms | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps |
| xiaoboluo | test | i_test | 400 | 3.77 ms | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps |
| luoxiaobo | public_num | PRIMARY | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps | 0 | 0 ps |
+----+--+--++-++-+----+-+----+-+
5 rows in set (0.45 sec)
# 帶x$前綴的視圖
admin@localhost : sys 11:20:21> select * from x$schema_index_statistics limit 5;
+----+--+--++-++-+----+-+----+-+
| table_schema | table_name | index_name | rows_selected | select_latency | rows_inserted | insert_latency | rows_updated | update_latency | rows_deleted | delete_latency |
+----+--+--++-++-+----+-+----+-+
| xiaoboluo | test | PRIMARY | 1159 | 3573795058125 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| sys | sys_config | PRIMARY | 1 | 62528964375 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| sbtest | sbtest1 | i_c | 20 | 31429669125 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| xiaoboluo | test | i_test | 400 | 3765146625 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| luoxiaobo | public_num | PRIMARY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+----+--+--++-++-+----+-+----+-+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
視圖欄位含義如下:
TABLE_SCHEMA:包含索引的表所在的schema名稱
TABLE_NAME:包含索引的表名
INDEX_NAME:索引的名稱
rows_selected:使用索引讀的總數據行數
select_latency:使用索引讀的總延遲時間(執行時間)
rows_inserted:插入索引的總行數
insert_latency:插入索引行的總延遲時間(執行時間)
rows_updated:索引更新的總行數
update_latency:索引更新行的總延遲時間(執行時間)
rows_deleted:從索引中刪除的總行數
delete_latency:從索引中刪除行的總延遲時間(執行時間)
03schema_object_overview每個schema中包含的表、視圖、索引等對象的統計信息,默認按照schema名稱和對象類型進行排序,數據來源:information_schema的routines、tables、statistics、triggers、events
視圖查詢語句文本
SELECT ROUTINE_SCHEMA AS db, ROUTINE_TYPE AS object_type, COUNT(*) AS count FROM information_schema.routines GROUP BY ROUTINE_SCHEMA, ROUTINE_TYPE
UNION
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_TYPE, COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.tables GROUP BY TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_TYPE
UNION
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, CONCAT('INDEX (', INDEX_TYPE, ')'), COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.statistics GROUP BY TABLE_SCHEMA, INDEX_TYPE
UNION
SELECT TRIGGER_SCHEMA, 'TRIGGER', COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.triggers GROUP BY TRIGGER_SCHEMA
UNION
SELECT EVENT_SCHEMA, 'EVENT', COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.events GROUP BY EVENT_SCHEMA
ORDER BY DB, OBJECT_TYPE;
下面我們看看使用該視圖查詢返回的結果
admin@localhost : sys 11:20:27> select * from schema_object_overview limit 10;
+++--+
| db | object_type | count |
+++--+
| information_schema | SYSTEM VIEW | 61 |
| luoxiaobo | BASE TABLE | 3 |
| luoxiaobo | INDEX (BTREE) | 3 |
| mysql | BASE TABLE | 31 |
| mysql | INDEX (BTREE) | 69 |
| performance_schema | BASE TABLE | 87 |
| qfsys | BASE TABLE | 1 |
| qfsys | INDEX (BTREE) | 1 |
| sbtest | BASE TABLE | 8 |
| sbtest | INDEX (BTREE) | 17 |
+++--+
10 rows in set (0.27 sec)
視圖欄位含義如下:
04schema_redundant_indexes查找重複或冗餘索引,數據來源:sys.x$schema_flattened_keys,該數據來源視圖被稱作schema_redundant_indexes視圖的輔助視圖
下面我們看看使用該視圖查詢返回的結果
admin@localhost : sys 11:21:13> select * from schema_redundant_indexes limit 1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
table_schema: test
table_name: test
redundant_index_name: i_id
redundant_index_columns: id
redundant_index_non_unique: 1
dominant_index_name: i_id_id2
dominant_index_columns: id,id2
dominant_index_non_unique: 1
subpart_exists: 0
sql_drop_index: ALTER TABLE `test`.`test` DROP INDEX `i_id`
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
視圖欄位含義如下:
TABLE_SCHEMA:包含冗餘或重複索引的表對應的schema名稱
TABLE_NAME:包含冗餘或重複索引的表名
redundant_index_name:冗餘或重複的索引名稱
redundant_index_columns:冗餘或重複索引中的列名
redundant_index_non_unique:冗餘或重複索引中非唯一列的數量
dominant_index_name:與重複或冗餘索引相比佔據優勢(最佳)的索引名稱
dominant_index_columns:佔據優勢(最佳)的索引中的列名
dominant_index_non_unique:佔據優勢(最佳)的索引中非唯一列的數量
subpart_exists:重複或冗餘索引是否是前綴索引
sql_drop_index:針對重複或冗餘索引生成的drop index語句
05schema_table_statistics,x$schema_table_statistics查看表的統計信息,默認情況下按照增刪改查操作的總表I/O延遲時間(執行時間,即也可以理解為是存在最多表I/O爭用的表)降序排序,數據來源:performance_schema.table_io_waits_summary_by_table、sys.x$ps_schema_table_statistics_io
下面我們看看使用該視圖查詢返回的結果
# 不帶x$前綴的視圖
admin@localhost : sys 11:52:25> select * from schema_table_statistics limit 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
table_schema: xiaoboluo
table_name: test
total_latency: 2.10 m
rows_fetched: 1561
fetch_latency: 2.08 m
rows_inserted: 1159
insert_latency: 865.33 ms
rows_updated: 0
update_latency: 0 ps
rows_deleted: 0
delete_latency: 0 ps
io_read_requests: 43
io_read: 178.86 KiB
io_read_latency: 15.00 ms
io_write_requests: 10
io_write: 160.00 KiB
io_write_latency: 76.24 us
io_misc_requests: 42
io_misc_latency: 9.38 ms
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
# 帶x$前綴的視圖
admin@localhost : sys 11:52:28> select * from x$schema_table_statistics limit 1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
table_schema: xiaoboluo
table_name: test
total_latency: 125711643303375
rows_fetched: 1561
fetch_latency: 124846318302750
rows_inserted: 1159
insert_latency: 865325000625
rows_updated: 0
update_latency: 0
rows_deleted: 0
delete_latency: 0
io_read_requests: 43
io_read: 183148
io_read_latency: 15001512375
io_write_requests: 10
io_write: 163840
io_write_latency: 76237125
io_misc_requests: 42
io_misc_latency: 9384933000
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
視圖欄位含義如下:
TABLE_SCHEMA:包含TABLE_NAME欄位的表所在的schema名稱
TABLE_NAME:表名
total_latency:表的I/O事件的總延遲時間(執行時間),針對表增刪改查操作
rows_fetched:表讀取操作的總數據行數,針對表查詢操作
fetch_latency:表select操作的I/O事件的總延遲時間(執行時間),針對表查詢操作
rows_inserted:表插入操作的總數據行數,針對表插入操作
insert_latency:表insert操作的I/O事件的延遲時間(執行時間),針對表插入操作
rows_updated:表更新操作的總數據行數,針對表更新操作
update_latency:表更新操作的I/O事件的總延遲時間(執行時間),針對表更新操作
rows_deleted:表刪除操作的總數據行數,針對表刪除操作
delete_latency:表刪除操作的I/O事件的總延遲時間(執行時間),針對表刪除操作
io_read_requests:表讀取操作總請求次數,針對表.ibd和.frm文件的讀I/O操作
io_read:表讀操作相關的所有文件讀取操作的總字節數,針對表.ibd和.frm文件的讀I/O操作
io_read_latency:表讀操作相關的所有文件讀取操作的總延遲時間(執行時間),針對表.ibd和.frm文件的讀I/O操作
io_write_requests:表寫操作的總請求次數,針對表.ibd和.frm文件的寫I/O操作
io_write:表寫操作相關的所有文件寫操作的總字節數,針對表.ibd和.frm文件的寫I/O操作
io_write_latency:表寫操作相關的所有文件寫操作的總延遲時間(執行時間),針對表.ibd和.frm文件的寫I/O操作
io_misc_requests:表其他各種混雜操作相關的所有文件的I/O請求總次數,針對表.ibd和.frm文件的其他混雜I/O操作
io_misc_latency:表其他各種混雜操作相關的所有文件的I/O請求的總延遲時間(執行時間),針對表.ibd和.frm文件的其他混雜I/O操作
06schema_table_statistics_with_buffer,x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer查詢表的統計信息,其中還包括InnoDB緩衝池統計信息,默認情況下按照增刪改查操作的總表I/O延遲時間(執行時間,即也可以理解為是存在最多表I/O爭用的表)降序排序,數據來源:performance_schema.table_io_waits_summary_by_table、sys.x$ps_schema_table_statistics_io、sys.x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_table
下面我們看看使用該視圖查詢返回的結果
# 不帶x$前綴的視圖
admin@localhost : sys 12:36:57> select * from schema_table_statistics_with_buffer limit 1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
table_schema: xiaoboluo
table_name: test
rows_fetched: 1561
fetch_latency: 2.08 m
rows_inserted: 1159
insert_latency: 865.33 ms
rows_updated: 0
update_latency: 0 ps
rows_deleted: 0
delete_latency: 0 ps
io_read_requests: 48
io_read: 179.29 KiB
io_read_latency: 15.02 ms
io_write_requests: 10
io_write: 160.00 KiB
io_write_latency: 76.24 us
io_misc_requests: 47
io_misc_latency: 9.47 ms
innodb_buffer_allocated: 112.00 KiB
innodb_buffer_data: 48.75 KiB
innodb_buffer_free: 63.25 KiB
innodb_buffer_pages: 7
innodb_buffer_pages_hashed: 0
innodb_buffer_pages_old: 0
innodb_buffer_rows_cached: 1162
1 row in set (2.21 sec)
# 帶x$前綴的視圖
admin@localhost : sys 12:37:35> select * from x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer limit 1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
table_schema: xiaoboluo
table_name: test
rows_fetched: 1561
fetch_latency: 124846318302750
rows_inserted: 1159
insert_latency: 865325000625
rows_updated: 0
update_latency: 0
rows_deleted: 0
delete_latency: 0
io_read_requests: 48
io_read: 183595
io_read_latency: 15019373250
io_write_requests: 10
io_write: 163840
io_write_latency: 76237125
io_misc_requests: 47
io_misc_latency: 9465938250
innodb_buffer_allocated: 114688
innodb_buffer_data: 49917
innodb_buffer_free: 64771
innodb_buffer_pages: 7
innodb_buffer_pages_hashed: 0
innodb_buffer_pages_old: 0
innodb_buffer_rows_cached: 1162
1 row in set (2.12 sec)
視圖欄位含義如下:
表相關的統計信息欄位的含義與視圖schema_table_statistics的欄位含義相同,這裡省略,詳見schema_table_statistics,x$schema_table_statistics 視圖解釋部分
innodb_buffer_allocated:當前已分配給表的buffer pool總字節數
innodb_buffer_data:當前已分配給表的數據部分使用的buffer pool字節總數
innodb_buffer_free:當前已分配給表的非數據部分使用的buffer pool字節總數(即空閒頁所在的字節數,計算公式:innodb_buffer_allocated - innodb_buffer_data)
innodb_buffer_pages:當前已分配給表的buffer pool總頁數
innodb_buffer_pages_hashed:當前已分配給表的自適應hash索引頁總數
innodb_buffer_pages_old:當前已分配給表的舊頁總數(位於LRU列表中的舊塊子列表中的頁數)
innodb_buffer_rows_cached:buffer pool中為表緩衝的總數據行數
07schema_unused_indexes查看不活躍的索引(沒有任何事件發生的索引,這表示該索引從未使用過),默認情況下按照schema名稱和表名進行排序。數據來源:performance_schema.table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage
視圖查詢語句文本
SELECT object_schema,
object_name,
index_name
FROM performance_schema.table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage
WHERE index_name IS NOT NULL
AND count_star = 0
AND object_schema != 'mysql'
AND index_name != 'PRIMARY'
ORDER BY object_schema, object_name;
下面我們看看使用該視圖查詢返回的結果
admin@localhost : sys 12:40:28> select * from schema_unused_indexes limit 3;
++---+----+
| object_schema | object_name | index_name |
++---+----+
| luoxiaobo | public_num | public_name_index |
| sbtest | sbtest1 | k_1 |
| sbtest | sbtest2 | k_2 |
++---+----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
視圖欄位含義如下:
object_schema:schema名稱
OBJECT_NAME:表名
INDEX_NAME:未使用的索引名稱
本期內容就介紹到這裡,本期內容參考連結如下:
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sys-schema-unused-indexes.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sys-schema-auto-increment-columns.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sys-schema-index-statistics.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sys-schema-object-overview.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sys-schema-redundant-indexes.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sys-schema-table-statistics.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sys-schema-table-statistics-with-buffer.html
| 作者簡介
羅小波·資料庫技術專家《千金良方——MySQL性能優化金字塔法則》、《數據生態:MySQL複製技術與生產實踐》作者之一。熟悉MySQL體系結構,擅長資料庫的整體調優,喜好專研開源技術,並熱衷於開源技術的推廣,在線上線下做過多次公開的資料庫專題分享,發表過近100篇資料庫相關的研究文章。
全文完。
Enjoy MySQL :)
葉老師的「MySQL核心優化」大課已升級到MySQL 8.0,掃碼開啟MySQL 8.0修行之旅吧