Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1．(2015·北京，33改編)I truly believe__that__beauty comes from within.
解析：考查名詞性從句引導詞。從句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起連接作用的that。
2．(2015·陝西，19改編)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for __what__Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
解析：考查賓語從句中引導詞的選擇。分析語境可知，此處是介詞for後接了賓語從句。從句中缺少achieved的賓語，故要用what來引導。句意：讀她的傳記，我對多麗絲·萊辛在文學上所取得的成就欽佩不已。
3．(2015·安徽，25改編)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not __what__ ships are built for.
解析：what引導表語從句，在從句中作介詞for的賓語。句意：船停泊在港口裡是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。
4．(2015·浙江，6改編)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate __what__ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
解析：investigate後面是賓語從句，從句中缺主語，故用what。句意：如果你在河裡或湖裡遊泳，一定要調查一下水面下的東西。經常會有石頭或樹枝藏在水中。
5．(2016·南昌十所重點中學交流試卷)The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check__whether/if__the bag had 50 gold coins.
解析：句意：……他把包還給了Sam，請他檢查包內是否有50個金幣。
6．(2016·濰坊高考模擬)He has heart disease. That is__because__he has been smoking too much.
解析：句意：他有心臟病，這是由於他一直吸菸造成的。
7．(2016·大慶質量檢測二)People who visited me used to ask me__how__I could sleep.「Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you？How can you get used to so much noise？」
解析：句意：來看我的人過去常常問我怎麼能睡得著……。
8．We know from the survey on cigarettes __that__ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.
解析：句意為：我們從關於香菸的調查了解到，在產品包裝盒上和廣告中的警告信息能夠影響潛在的危險產品的消費。know後的賓語從句結構完整，因此用從屬連詞that引導。
9．Following the decline in house prices in many small and medium－sized cities， there are now signs __that__ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.
解析：句意為：隨著中小型城市房價的下跌，現在有跡象表明在大城市房價也可能有下滑的趨勢。signs後是同位語從句，從句結構和意義完整，用從屬連詞that引導。
10．Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial， celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech， through which we know __what__ he said meant to the black.
解析：句意為：數以萬計的人奔向馬丁·路德·金紀念碑，慶祝他的那次著名的演講發表50周年。通過這個演講，我們知道他所說的對於黑人的意義。設空處引導賓語從句，並在從句中作賓語，指「他所說的話」，故填what。
11．New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are __that__ students have to be tested on Chinese， math， English and another three subjects as they prefer.
解析：句意為：浙江的高考新計劃是考生必須參加語文、數學、英語和他們喜歡的其他三科的考試。設空處引導表語從句，從句中不缺成分和意義，故用that引導。
12．There is a strong possibility __that__ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.
解析：句意為：人類在將來主要依靠太陽能是非常有可能的。設空後的從句句子結構完整，不缺少成分，且是對possibility的進一步解釋、說明，故設空處引導同位語從句，故填that。
13．(2014·湖南，24改編)As John Lennon once said， life is __what__ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
解析：句意為：正如約翰·列儂曾經所說，生活就是在你忙於制訂其他計劃的時候發生在你身上的事情。設空處引導表語從句並在從句中充當主語，故填what。
14．(2014·陝西，15改編)__When__ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
解析：句意為：延誤的航班將何時起飛主要取決於天氣。分析句子結構可知，depends much on是句子的謂語，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主語，設空處引導主語從句。根據句意，設空處在主語從句中作時間狀語，故填when。
15．__That__mathematics is one of the most useful sections in human knowledge is widely accepted.
解析：句意為：人們普遍認為數學是人類知識中最有用的部分之一。設空處引導主語從句且從句中不缺任何成分，故用that引導。
16．The bride and groom gave __whoever__ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
解析：句意為：新娘和新郎給每個參加他們婚禮的人都送了禮物，來分享他們的幸福。設空處引導賓語從句，在從句中作主語，意思是「凡是……的人」，相當於anyone who，故用whoever。
17．I couldn't imagine __how__difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.
解析：句意為：我無法想像這些嚴重受傷的受害者能成功到達醫院該有多麼困難。設空處引導賓語從句，空後是形容詞difficult，應該用how修飾，how difficult it was意為「這是多麼困難」。
18．(2014·四川，2改編)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said， 「That's __where__ I was born.」
解析：句意為：「那就是我出生的地方，」奶奶指著那家醫院對我說。前面提到了醫院，所以設空處應該是表地點，故用where引導該表語從句，並在從句中作地點狀語。
19．(2014·北京，33改編)Some people believe__whatever__has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
解析：句意為：一些人認為，無論是曾經發生過的事情還是現在正在發生的事情，都會在將來重演。從句中缺少主語，且表示「無論……的事情」，故填whatever。
20．(2014·重慶，12改編)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday？
—Yeah， but I have no idea__why__he did it； that's one of his favorite universities.
解析：句意為：——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學的錄取嗎？——是的，可我不知道他為什麼那麼做；那是他最喜歡的大學之一。設空處引導同位語從句，用於解釋說明idea的內容；從句中缺少狀語，根據句意此處表示原因，故用why引導。
Ⅱ. 語法填空
在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
I like reading very much. My classmates' question is __1. when__ I began to love reading. Actually， I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was __2. that__ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. __3. That__ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact __4. that__ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It's not really surprising __5. that__ literature became my vocation.
Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. __6. Whether__ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall， her research showed me the answer. She argued __7. that__ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story， I still have some doubts __8. how__ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi， a doctor， became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. __9. What__ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. __10. Why__ she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.
Ⅲ. 單句改錯
1．I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.
答案與解析：what→which 此處表示「不知道該買哪一個」意義，故「疑問詞＋不定式」結構中的疑問詞應用which。
2．You want to know that everthing is going in our school.
答案與解析：that→how 賓語從句的引導詞在從句中作狀語，表示go的程度，表示「我們學校的情況如何」，故用how。
3．The problem is what the 「Play」 doesn't work at all.
答案與解析：what→that 表語從句的引導詞在從句中不作成分，而且不表示意義，故用that。what在名詞性從句中需要作主語、賓語等。
4．There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.
答案與解析：whether→that 否定句或疑問句中doubt後的從句用that引導，肯定句doubt後的從句用whether/if引導。There is no doubt that...「毫無疑問……」。
5．At that time， I just wondered that my mother was so delighted.
答案與解析：that→why 根據wonder判斷，引導詞表示「為什麼」意義，故用why。句子表示「我不明白為什麼媽媽那麼高興」。
6．Which is worse， they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake.
答案與解析：Which→What What is worse是固定用法，意為「更糟糕的是」。
7．I went up and asked what I could help them.
答案與解析：what→if/whether 賓語從句的引導詞不需要在從句中作成分，再根據ask判斷句子的引導詞表示疑問意義，故應為if/whether。
8．As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year.
答案與解析：As→It 本句是一個it作形式主語，that引導的從句作真正主語的句子，故改為it。如果用as，則為As is known to all， millions of graduates...。
9．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words， not the whole sentence.
答案與解析：That→What 主語從句的引導詞需要在從句中作learn的賓語，故用what。
10．The main reason for this was because my mother didn't know how to cook anything when she got married.
答案與解析：because→that was後是表語從句且從句中不缺少成分，故用that引導。