「情態動詞＋have done」表示對過去情況的推測或估計，是歷年高考的熱點。現就這一語言現象作如下歸納：
1． should (ought to) have＋過去分詞
表示過去應該做而（實際）沒有做的事情,含有責備或遺憾的語氣，意為「本應該……」；其否定形式為「should not／ought not to have ＋ 過去分詞」，表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。
Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t』 show up.（04』廣西卷）
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving
[解析]本題中的一個關鍵詞but暗示了「Mr. White按道理理應到了，而他沒有到」。故答案選[A]。
2．needn’t have＋過去分詞
表示過去沒有必要做某事, 但實際上做了某事。
As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning.(06』陝西卷)
A. mayn’t B. can’tC. mustn’tD. needn’t
[解析] He needn't have come，表示「他本沒有必要來（實際卻來了）」，根據句意，答案應選[D]。
[注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意為「他昨天沒有必要來（實際也沒來）」。
3．must have＋過去分詞
用於肯定句，表示「過去一定做過某事」，表示一種很有把握的推測。
[注意] 對過去發生情況的否定推測常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋過去分詞。
I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere .（05』北京春季）
A. must dropB. must have dropped
C. must be droppingD. must have been dropped
[解析]本題應選B。本題的前一句說明一個結果，後一句則表示一個原因。
I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（05』天津卷）
A. shouldn'tB. couldn'tC. mustn'tD. needn't
[解析]從題意上分析，本題的前一句陳述一個理由，後一句則是由前一句得出的結論。故本題選[b] 。
4．may／might have＋過去分詞
表示對過去情況的一種不太有把握的可能性推測，表示「過去可能／大概已做了某事」；否定句表示「過去可能還沒有做某事」。
Wehave proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.(06』天津卷)
A. needn’t B. may notC. shouldn’tD. mustn’tKey:[b]
5．can／could have＋過去分詞
表示「過去本來可以做某事，但實際上沒有做」；否定句表示「不可能已做了某事」；疑問句表示「可能／也許已做了某事嗎？」。
--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .
--- Oh, did you? You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara．(NMET』98)
A. could have stayedB. could stay
C. would stayD. must have stayed Key: [A]
鞏固性練習：從A、B、C、D中選擇最佳答案。
1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?
---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.
A. couldn’t have waitedB. needn’t have
C. didn’t need toD. should wait
2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.
A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. must
3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o』clock tonight ?」
---「I’m sorry, Mr. Smithto a conference before then.」
A. will have goneB. had goneC. would have goneD. has gone
4．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.
--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.
A. mustB. mayC. can D. should
5．--- Was it you that made the suggestion?
--- Ithave been. I can’t remember.
A. needB. mustC. shouldD. may
6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .
A. should have takenB. could have taken
C. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken
7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could B. wouldC. mustD. need
8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. Sheat the meeting .
A. mustn’t have spoken B. mightn’t have spoken
C. can’t have spokenD. shouldn’t have spoken
9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?
---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number .
A. must dial B. must have dialedC. should dialD. should have dialed
10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour .
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
Keys for reference： 1---5 CAADD6---10 CACBB
高考「情態動詞＋have done」考點解析
「情態動詞＋have done」結構是高考重要考點，也是較難掌握的語法項目之一，為了幫助同學們更好地掌握使用這一考點，下面結合近年高考試題談談其主要用法。
考點之一：在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句中用過去完成時，而主句中則用「情態動詞＋現在完成時」，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。例如：
If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.
If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.
高考題分析：
1. If it ___ for the snow, we ___ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91)
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
2. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you?You ___ with Barbara. (NMET98)
A. could have stayB. could stayC. would stay D. must have stay
3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.( 96上海)
A. had saidB. saidC. might say D. might have said
答案簡析：
1. 根據信息詞yesterday可以判斷該句是表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句，從句中應該用「情態動詞＋現在完成時」，故答案選C。
2. 本句是一個含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是：If you hadn’t stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表達了與過去事實相反的情況，答案選A。
3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虛擬語氣，意思是：如果她參加了討論，她可能會說出一些後來令她後悔的話。表達了與過去事實相反的情況，故答案選D。
考點之二：must have done表示對過去已經發生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，語氣較強，意思是「一定……、肯定……」。其否定形式分別用can’t/ couldn’t和can/ could。例如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因為今晨地面是潮溼的。
She didn’t attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.
她昨天沒有上課，她一定是生病了。
鞏固練習：
He ____ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (０５北京 ２６題)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
This cake is very sweet. You ___ a lot of sugar in it. (05 遼寧 26題)
Ａ. Should put B. could have put C. might putD. must have put
--- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
--- Something ___ to him. ( 05江西 22題
A. must happenB. should have happenedC. could have happened
D. must have happened
I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ___ at least 150 kilometers an hour. ( 05重慶 33題)
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
I ____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.( 05天津 14題)
A. shouldn’tB. couldn’t C. mustn’tD. needn’t
--- Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. (05湖北32題)
A. shouldn’tB. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
1. I didn’t hear the phone. I ____ asleep. (MET 89)
A. must be B. must have beenC. should beD. should have been
2. --- I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn’t recognize the voice.
--- On, it ___ my brother, Peter.
A. must beB. must have beenC. can have beenD. might be
答案簡析：
1. 關鍵詞是didn’t，說明動作發生在過去，所以是對已經發生過的情況的推測判斷。故答案選B。
2. 本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家裡打的電話。是對過去情況的推測判斷，應該用must have done結構。故答案選B。
原文內容來自：http://www.enfamily.cn/thread-734446-1-1.html
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