北半球複合極端高溫事件呈上升趨勢 |《自然-通訊》 |
論文標題:Anthropogenically-driven increases in the risks of summertime compound hot extremes
期刊:Nature Communications
作者:Jun Wang, Yang Chen et.al
發表時間:2020/02/11
數字識別碼:10.1038/s41467-019-14233-8
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複合極端高溫事件指的是,夏季某一天的晝夜溫度均處於該日歷史高溫前10%之列。根據《自然-通訊》發表的一項研究Anthropogenically-driven increases in the risks of summertime compound hot extremes,在人為造成的氣候變化影響下,這類事件將顯著增加。到本世紀末,北半球人口暴露於這類事件的頻率或比2010年代高4-8倍。
觀測到的夏季極端高溫的變化。
圖片來源:Wang 等
中國氣象科學研究院的陳陽等人分析了北半球1960年至2012年的溫度數據,表明在此期間平均每十年約增加一天的複合極端高溫,而且溫度平均每十年增加0.28°C。統計分析證實,這種增加主要是由人為造成的溫室氣體排放引起的。
作者還展示了相關氣候模型結果,研究了在兩種排放場景下,複合極端事件未來有何變化。他們提出,在中度溫室氣體排放場景(RCP4.5)下,複合極端高溫事件的發生頻率將增加4倍,每個夏季達到32天;在重度排放場景(RCP8.5)下,將增加8倍,達到69天左右。相較於全球升溫1.5°C,若全球升溫2°C,可能導致每年的複合極端高溫事件額外增加5天,溫度額外上升0.5°C。
摘要:Compared to individual hot days/nights, compound hot extremes that combine daytime and nighttime heat are more impactful. However, past and future changes in compound hot extremes as well as their underlying drivers and societal impacts remain poorly understood. Here we show that during 1960–2012, significant increases in Northern Hemisphere average frequency (~1.03 days decade−1) and intensity (~0.28 °C decade−1) of summertime compound hot extremes arise primarily from summer-mean warming. The forcing of rising greenhouse gases (GHGs) is robustly detected and largely accounts for observed trends. Observationally-constrained projections suggest an approximate eightfold increase in hemispheric-average frequency and a threefold growth in intensity of summertime compound hot extremes by 2100 (relative to 2012), given uncurbed GHG emissions. Accordingly, end-of-century population exposure to compound hot extremes is projected to be four to eight times the 2010s level, dependent on demographic and climate scenarios.
來源:科學網
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