實力鑄就硬核原創
在上一期推送中，如何突破「無話可寫」的窘境（上）、如何突破「無話可寫」的窘境 （下）這兩篇文章為大家提供了六種思路來解決在英語寫作時寫不下去、思路枯竭的難題，受到廣泛好評。
「優可威」英語今起將推出雅思寫作系列，為廣大學子分享一針見血、實用性極強的寫作秘籍。內容覆蓋每一種大作文和小作文，既講解每一種作文的內容構思和布局，也提供常用的單詞句子，更講解篇章語言技巧，不僅讓你構思有路，詞句有範，更讓你語言有魅力，直接徵服考官。「優可威」英語，致力於原創的英語乾貨硬核方法技巧的分享，讓你即讀即受益。
本系列雖以雅思作文為例，但完全同樣適用於四六級、英語專業四八級和考研等考試的的英語寫作。我們授人以魚，更授人以漁。立足雅思，將最高效的英語寫作思路擴展到不同類型的英語考試中去。
本文將從作文內容布局與構思、常用表達、真題解析三個方面來對討論利弊型作文的構思和成文進行講解。對於具體的文章內容寫作思路，可以參考如何突破「無話可寫」的窘境（上）、如何突破「無話可寫」的窘境 （下）。對於語言方面如何寫出更有效的句子，本公眾號將在以後推出更有針對性的介紹。
一、內容布局與構思：
段落1 Para.1: Introducing the topic + thesis （引出話題+表明觀點）
段落2 Para.2: Advantages
段落3 Para.3: Disadvantages
段落4 Para.4: Conclusion （簡要總結利和弊；表明 which outweigh which；簡要陳述理由）
二、常用語言：
中間段開頭句：
(1) … has both advantages and disadvantages.
(2) The advantages / disadvantages of ... can generally be categorized as follows.
(3) The advantages / disadvantages of ... generally fall into the following categories.
(4) Generally, ... has / enjoys the following advantages.
(5) Despite the many advantages, ... also has its disadvantages.
結尾段開頭句：
To conclude / In summary / To sum up / To put it in a nutshell / In short / All in all / Altogether / To cut a long story short, the advantages of ... mainly lie in .. ... , ..., and ..., while its major disadvantages include ..., ..., and ...
表達個人觀點：
(1) Personally / As far as I am concerned, the advantages of ... outweigh its disadvantages.
(2) It all depends on whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
表示利弊的詞語：
Advantages and disadvantages
Benefits and drawbacks
Pros and cons
Merits and demerits
三、真題例文：
The number of older people in many countries is increasing. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?
Para.1: Introducing the topic 引出話題+表明觀點
Nowadays, the improved living standards and ever better medical services, hav made people’s life span greater and greater in many countries. Therefore, the elderly population is ever increasing.（引出話題，提高的生活品質使得人均壽命變長、老年人口不斷增加） In my opinion, the increasingly huge elderly population has both advantages and disadvantages. （表明觀點，不斷增加的老年人口有利也有弊）
Para.2: Advantages 分析利端
Generally, a great elderly population has / enjoys the following advantages. First of all, old people can offer guidance of some kinds to the younger generation. （一級展開，老年人口多的好處之一：老年人對年輕人具有指導意義） As is known to all, old people have accumulated some knowledge and experience and are, on the whole, more experienced in one occupation or another, which is of great value. （二級展開，分析原因，為什麼老年人對年輕人具有指導意義） If they share the precious knowledge and experience with the youths, it will certainly be a great help. （二級展開，分析結果，得出結論） And without the help and guidance of the elderly population, young people might waste much of their time and energy in cracking some hard nuts in some circumstances. （二級展開，逆向思維，如果沒有老年人的引導，年輕人會怎麼樣） Secondly, with a huge elderly population, the shortage of labor can be relieved / alleviated to some extent. （一級展開，老年人口多的好處之二：勞動力短缺問題能夠得到緩解） There is no arguing that in countries where the labor is inadequate, old people can join the workforce and thus make the shortage of labor less severe. （二級展開，分析原因，為什麼老年人口多能緩解勞動力短缺問題）
Para.3: Disadvantages 分析弊端
The disadvantages of a great elderly population roughly fall into the following three categories. To start with, an elderly population which is too large can be a heavy burden on the national economy. （一級展開，老年人口多的弊端之一：國家經濟負擔） Although having made contributions to the society in one way or another before retiring, most old people will retire at a certain age and are not able to contribute as much as they did before retirement. However, the society still has to provide enormous pensions for them, which adds to the burden of the government and may even give rise to social problems where the government is short of money. （二級展開，分析原因，為什麼老年人口多會增加國家經濟負擔） Another demerit is that seniors may sometimes exert a negative influence on young people’s work. （一級展開，老年人口多的弊端之二：對年輕人的影響）Generally, the elderly are more vulnerable to certain diseases and injuries of various kinds. Falling ill or seriously injured, they need caring hands. This may distract young people from their daily work. （二級展開，分析原因，為什麼老年人口多會對年輕人的工作產生影響）
Para.4: Conclusion（簡要總結利和弊；表面 which outweigh which；簡要陳述理由）
All in all, the major merits of an increasing elderly population are that old people can be a great help for the youth and, and can still contribute to the workforce. And the main demerits include being a heavy burden on the national economy and sometimes distracting young people from their work. （總結利弊，老年人口多既有利也有弊） As far as I am concerned, it all depends whether the pros outweigh the cons.（辯證思維，老年人口利是否大於弊取決於不同的情況） In developed countries, the pros does outweigh the cons, because the seniors can fully tap their resources while the government has adequate funds to cover the medical and living expenses of the elderly population. In underdeveloped countries, however, the cons outweigh the pros. After all, a huge number of old people do not work any more, but they have to live on their pensions. Additionally, they are more vulnerable to various severe diseases or injuries, which will incur a huge medical expense to the society, which will be a big headache to the government of an underdeveloped country. （不是簡單地認為利大於弊或弊大於利， 而是區分發達國家和不發達國家兩種不同的情況。當然，也可以持利大於弊或弊大於利的觀點，但都必須給出論證，否則缺乏說服力。）
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