2020高考即將開戰，你準備好了嗎？高考網小編為各位考生整理了一些高頻考點，供大家參考閱讀！
2.命題基本規律
閱讀理解七選五重點考查考生對文章基本結構的理解。閱讀理解七選五注重對語篇和段落結構的考查，不僅要求考生能夠理解文章的內容，還要求考生能夠從篇章和段落上去把握文章的結構與層次，在理解文章基本結構和把握全篇文脈（即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關係）的基礎上完成試題。由上面的統計表可以看出:
(1)近三年選用的文章所涉及的題材比較廣泛，給人以"情理之中、預料之外"的感覺，但都突出了生活化的特點；就體裁而言，除了2017年全國卷Ⅰ採用了一篇記敘文外，其餘均為說明文，說明如何做某事或介紹某事物；
(2)試題閱讀總量（包括文章、文章中的試題序號、選項及序號）在230詞到310詞之間；
(3)文章結構比較清晰，有時提供標題和小標題，有些閱讀材料甚至出現了編號或項目符號，所提供的文章段落數在2到5之間，大部分採用了"總—分"結構，即在第一段（或第一、二段）引入所要說明的主題後，在其餘的段落中從某一角度對這一主題展開說明，有時還會有一個總結性的段落；
(4)從題目設定和選項設置的角度來看，所留出的5個空白中有1至2個空設在小標題、主旨句或首句的位置，用於考查考生概括段落主旨的能力，其餘3至4個空設在段落之中，用於考查細節過渡銜接句和線索句，需要填入的句子與上下文之間大多通過語意和詞彙聯繫起來。所提供的7個選項大多是完整的句子，其中祈使句和陳述句居多，錯誤選項與文章內容有一定的相關性，對正確選項會形成一定的幹擾，另外，正確選項之間也會形成相互幹擾。
3.命題趨勢
對近三年全國卷閱讀理解七選五試題進行分析對比，可以看出在體裁的選擇上仍以說明文為主，行文仍多用"總—分"結構，閱讀總量相對穩定，但也有一些新的變化。
(1)除了說明文外，也會選用記敘文。如2017年全國卷Ⅰ就採用了一篇記敘文，這就意味著以後閱讀理解七選五命題材料可能會選用記敘文，但說明文還會是命題的首選。
(2)不再提供標題和小標題。2017年三套全國卷均沒有提供文章標題和小標題，沒有顯性的文章結構提示，增加了試題的難度，這就要求考生在理解閱讀材料的基礎上，弄清文章與各個段落的主旨和結構，準確地做出判斷。但有的文章仍有明顯的段落主旨句，如2017年全國卷Ⅲ的後四段段首就出現了段落主旨句。
考點1
主旨概括題
主旨概括題主要考查考生對文章或段落進行概括的能力，它要求考生在閱讀文章時，能夠提煉其中心思想，體會作者的寫作意圖，充分運用概括能力提取文章的主題、觀點以及作者的情感態度。這類題常以考查段落標題為主，設題位置一般在段首,有時總結性的語句也會出現在段中或段尾。這類題有時也會考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主題句，一般會在首段設空。概括起來講，命題人通常從兩個方面設題：①概括文章或段落的主題句或結論性語句；②段落標題。
【典例1】
（2017·浙江卷） 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn?t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you wonot be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.35(F) ...
A.Limit your time.
B.As you approach people, be polite.
C.If you donot own a camera, you can buy one.
D.For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E.To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G.With a question like this, you will get more than a "Yes" or "No" reply
【解析】主題句一般是對上文或下文內容的總結，所以我們通常採用瀏覽的方式，重點搜索主題線索和脈絡，並準確判斷出主題句，切忌主觀臆斷或以偏概全，以點代面。根據語段中的" shouldn?t be longer than ten minutes"以及" As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person "可知，本段主要講要控制採訪的時間，此空應是本段的主題句，引領下文。本題易誤選B項，但本段並未介紹如何在採訪時保持禮貌，故排除B項。也易誤選E項，但該項屬於對街頭採訪的主觀臆斷，並無信息支持，故也不能選。A。
【方法點津】位置先後Foretelling
1.設空在段首：
（1）通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀後文內容，根據段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關的詞，推斷出主題句。調研1即屬於這種類型。
（2）與後文是並列、轉折、因果關係等。著重閱讀空後第一句，鎖定線索詞，然後在選項中查找相關特徵詞。通常答案與空前後的句子在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這些句子之間會用到某種銜接手段。比如，選項中出現時間，考生往往要注意其與正文中的時間的前後對應關係。
（3）是段落間的過渡句。這時要前瞻後望，即閱讀上一段結尾部分，通常答案會與上一段結尾有機地銜接起來，並結合下一段的內容，看所選的答案是否能使兩段內容連貫起來。
2.設空在段尾：
（1）通常是概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、總結等的過渡性詞語，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等，選項中也可能會出現前文的同義詞或同義句。
（2）與前文是轉折或對比關係。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉折、對比的連接詞，同時注意選項中所講內容是否與前文形成對比關係。
（3）與前文是並列或遞進關係。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補全說明本段主題的其他細節，因此根據段落一致性原則，在原文和選項中找到相關的特徵詞，通常在選項中會出現表示並列、遞進關係的連接詞,與前文類似的句式結構或同義詞等線索。
（4）所選答案引出下一段的內容。如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否能與選項緊密連接起來。
3.設空在段中：
重點閱讀該空的前一句和後一句，找出它們之間的邏輯關係，或者根據意義的連貫性得出答案；如果還沒有把握，再分析該段的中心句，因為中心確定後所有的句子都是圍繞該中心來描述的。
【典例2】
When mouth\|watering food on a white plate is served, do you eat it right away? 36(G) Then you post it on your favorite social networking sites and apps. Shooting food has become a popular practice for people all over the world.Last month, The Telegraph published an article from British food photographer Hugh Johnson in which he shared tips.Read and find out how to get better at taking food pictures....Move things aroundToo many people might ruin a good shot by failing to look at the backdrop properly. Make sure all the dirty spoons and used napkins（餐巾紙）are out of sight. Double check that you havenot left anything in your background that you don?t want to be seen. 40
A.Consider the light.
B.Let the food take centre stage.
C.The food will sparkle in the sunshine.
D.Try and use the shadow to your advantage.
E.Unnatural light may ruin amazing pictures.
F.Donot try and put too much in a single picture.
G.Chances are that you actually take a photo first.
【解析】由前兩段可知，文章主要講"how to get better at taking food pictures"。根據空白處所在段內容可推知，拍攝美食時，食物才是重點，其他不必要的或影響主題的東西都要收起來，空白處應是對本段內容的概括或總結。結合本節標題"Move things around"可知B項符合語境。B。
考點2
語段過渡題
語段過渡題所涉及的句子是過渡句，具有承上啟下的作用，該題型主要考查考生對篇章的理解能力和對上下文之間邏輯關係的分析能力。其設空位置比較靈活，可位於段尾、段首或段中。解這類題通常可採用位置判斷法。如果空白位於段首，要前瞻後望找提示，即閱讀上一段結尾部分，通常正確答案與之銜接，並結合下一段內容，看所選的答案是否能將兩段內容連貫起來。如果空白位於段中，重點閱讀該空的前一句和後一句，找出它們之間的邏輯關係或根據意義的連貫性得出答案；如果還沒有把握，再分析該段的中心句。如果空白位於段尾，在選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯時，可考慮與下一段開頭之間的銜接。仔細閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否能與所選選項緊密連接起來。
【典例3】
（2016·浙江10月高考）How to Have a Successful Teenage LifeEveryone wants to succeed in their life, do not they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it really isnot that hard. 31 Do well in school. No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society. Try your best for excellence in school; listen to the teachers, do your homework, study, and get good grades...
A. Live life to the fullest.
B. School sets you up on the right track!
C. Be nice to your parents and teachers.
D. Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you.
E. It will help you pass time and develop your personality.
F. Here are some important points that you may find helpful.
G. Keep in mind that they do the things they do because they care about you.
【解析】空白處在段尾，所填句子要麼是段落總結句，要麼是上下過渡句。空白處前的"Everyone wants to succeed in their life, don?t they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it really isn?t that hard"表明成功並非如此困難，下文則又講了如何成功，可見選項要在這裡起到承上啟下的作用，用來引出下文成功的方法，所以F項符合語境。
考點3
細節線索題
細節線索類的試題要求考生更加注重文章中的細節，比如某個關鍵的單詞或數字等。解答這類試題經常用到的方法有：詞彙復現法、詞彙同現法、代詞線索法、邏輯關係線索法等。
1.詞彙復現法
復現法是保證文章前後銜接而經常使用的一種寫作手段，即在文章中不同的位置對同一個概念進行重複描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章中不同的地方重複出現。復現的形式主要包括原詞復現、同（近）義詞復現、反義詞復現等。考生可利用文章的這一特點，在解題時注意選項中出現的與正文意思相同、相近或相反的詞。
【典例4】（2017·浙江卷）How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy....
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don?t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a "Yes" or "No" reply.
【解析】解此題可運用反義詞復現法。本段用來引入本文的話題。空白處的後一句話中有一個形容詞"easy"，且該句是由But引導的，說明該句話與空白處在意義上是相反的。因此，在選項中找出" easy "的反義詞" challenging "，將答案鎖定為D項。D。
2.詞彙同現法
詞彙同現是指屬於同一詞彙範疇或者某一領域的詞彙在文章中同時出現，達到語意銜接的目的。一般來說，上下文中詞彙的範疇越小，上下文的銜接關係越緊密。
【典例5】（2017·全國卷Ⅰ）...I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature\|loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
...
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【解析】解此題可運用詞彙同現法。該空前面的部分說明了作者被說服參加另一次野營活動，而空白後則說這次野營活動有舒服的床和空調，因此空白處的論述應該是在"住宿"這一範疇內，幾個選項中只有A項合適。A。
3.代詞線索法
英語文章中代詞出現的頻率極高，代詞一般用來指代前面提及的名詞，考生巧妙地利用這樣的指代關係或根據代詞的單複數就可以準確而快速地解題。
【典例6】（2017·全國卷Ⅰ）...I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 （A） Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature\|loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty\|eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ...
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【解析】解此題可運用代詞線索法。一方面，利用代詞指代關係，空白處後面的句子裡提到的We指代的是選項裡面的my family。另一方面,從結構上來說，聯繫上下文，上文提到的是野營的過程，該空後面提到的具體做法表現出了"我們"對野營的熱愛，由此可推知空白處表示野營結束之後的態度。弄清楚代詞We的指代，對解答此題非常重要。F。
4.邏輯關係線索法
一篇文章往往是一個有機的整體，各部分之間存在著一定的聯繫。從邏輯意義上來看，句子與句子之間常常有並列、順承、遞進、轉折、總分、解釋、因果等關係，有時甚至包含一種以上這樣的關係。因此，理解閱讀材料時一定要把握文章脈絡，弄清其中的邏輯關係。如果文中或選項中出現了邏輯關係詞，考生就可以利用其來進行推理判斷；如果文中或選項中未出現邏輯關係詞，這就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根據上下文語境弄清文章內在的邏輯關係，作出正確的判斷。
【典例7】（2017·全國卷Ⅰ）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill\|cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36.The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer...I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness......We have done a lot of it since... 40（E） It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【解析】此題考查考生對文章內在邏輯的把握能力。首句"如果三年前有人告訴我我會花大部分的周末時間去野營，我將會開懷大笑"使用了虛擬語氣，預示了後面的轉折關係。接著講述了作者過去對野營的看法。由下文可知作者起初和後來對野營的態度不一樣。D項表示"但是，從那時起我就學習了很多關於野營的知識"，however與上文構成轉折關係，因此是最佳選項。此題的關鍵是however這個邏輯關係詞，承上啟下，為下文內容做鋪墊。
【知識拓展】由於英語的段與段之間、句與句之間經常會使用連接詞進行銜接和過渡，使文章的邏輯更清楚、結構更連貫，因此文章中和選項中表示各種邏輯關係的連接詞在選擇答案時都是很重要的線索。能表明句與句、段與段之間邏輯關係的連接性詞語有以下幾種：
因果關係：如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等。
條件關係：如as/so long as, on condition that, if, unless等。
並列關係：如first, second, third...; firstly, secondly, thirdly...;first, next, then...; in the first place, in the second place...; for one thing, for another thing...等。
轉折關係：如however, nevertheless, though, yet, otherwise等。
對比關係：如on the contrary, by contrast, in/by comparison, conversely（相反地）等。
遞進關係：如also, further, furthermore, even, besides, moreover, in addition, what is more等。
解釋關係：如for example, for instance等。
考生在解題過程中如果抓住了這些表示邏輯關係的連接詞，也就掌握了解題的關鍵，從而就能順利地選出答案。
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