雙語剪,未來開!
第 16 期
一、視頻課
如何給自己的生活製造快樂?
趣味動漫
瘋狂動物城六
French restaurants fighting climate change
變廢為寶:法國餐廳應對氣候變化
要點
有關 「rubbish (垃圾)」 的詞彙
問題
Why is food waste sent to landfill bad for the environment?
文稿
French cuisine, but not as you know it. On this idyllic-looking island on the northern outskirts of Paris, a food revolution is underway.法國菜,但不是你所熟知的那種。在巴黎北郊這座充滿田園風情的島上,一場食物變革正在進行中。
The team here are busy turning waste food from nearby restaurants and hotels into this stuff: compost. This is one of six urban composting sites across France, run by a social enterprise called Les Alchimistes.
這支團隊正忙著把來自附近餐館和酒店的剩菜剩飯變成這個東西:堆肥。這是法國六個城市堆肥場之一,由一家名為 「Les Alchimistes」 的社會企業經營。
Cyrielle Callot, Les AlchimistesOne of the biggest problems we noticed was that 30% of the waste produced within city… within Paris was actually made of organic waste. This goes to landfill, which makes no sense. We decided we could take this organic matter, which is very precious, and turn it into a solution, to turn it into compost.
西裡艾爾·卡洛 Les Alchimistes 公司「我們注意到的一個最大的問題是巴黎市內產生的 30%的垃圾其實是有機垃圾。這些垃圾會被送往垃圾填埋場,這毫無道理。我們決定把這些非常珍貴的有機物質變成解決問題的辦法,變成堆肥。」
Compost that is then sold in bulk to farmers. This is good for the environment, because when food waste ends up in landfill, it releases methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that warms up the planet.
隨後堆肥被批量賣給農民。這樣做對環境有益,因為食物垃圾被送往填埋場後會釋放甲烷,這是一種強大的溫室氣體,會使地球升溫。
In order to produce the compost a bit faster than you can in your garden, the team rely on industrial composters like these.
為了比你在自家花園裡更快地生產堆肥,這個團隊依靠這種工業堆肥機。
But how does the food waste get here in the first place, you might wonder. A team of cyclists is being assembled to collect the food in cities. More than sixty businesses have signed up and receive multiple visits like this one every day. This hotel was one of the first to get on board.
但這些食物垃圾一開始是怎麼運到這裡的?你可能想知道。一組自行車騎手被召集在一起,在各城市收取食物垃圾。超過六十家企業已經註冊參與,像這家酒店一樣,每天都有人多次前來取垃圾。這家酒店是最先加入該計劃的公司之一。
Cedry Daroso, Campanile La Villette HotelOur generation, we are really concerned about everything with [the] climate change and [the] waste of food.
賽德利·達羅索 維耶特鐘樓酒店「我們這一代真的很關心一切有關氣候變化和食物浪費的事情。」
If the scheme proves popular, this may become a more common sight in our cities.
如果該計劃確受歡迎,這也許會成為我們城市中更常見的一道風景線。
詞彙
waste food 食物垃圾,剩菜剩飯
compost 堆肥,有機肥料
organic 有機的
landfill 垃圾填埋場
greenhouse gas 溫室氣體
答案
Food waste that ends up in landfill releases methane - a greenhouse gas.
二、口語題
漲知識:如何用英文稱呼「師哥師姐」?
中國的盆友們在聊天的時候,不管聊學習啊,聊生活,都離不開聊到有關師哥師姐,學長學姐,導師輔導員等等的內容。可是碰到這種表示尊敬的稱謂(臉上笑嘻嘻,心裡在呵呵),用英語聊天時,就蒙圈了,學長怎麼說?師姐怎麼說?
說到師哥師姐,來源於中國武術文化。師從同一個「師父」的學徒們(apprentices),我們可以叫做「同門師兄弟(姐妹)」,英文直譯過來就是」senior/junior male/female fellow apprentices」.
中國有句古話說的好:
師父領進門,修行在個人。The master teaches the trade, but apprentice's skill is self-made.
這句話中出現了:師父(master)以及徒弟(apprentice)。基於此,我們可以把師哥叫做senior apprentice或者 senior schoolfellow,但過於中式,不屬於地道的表達方式。
那麼怎麼才算是地道的表達呢?
英語中有一個詞彙:alumnus男校友 (注意:女校友是alumnae,複數形式為:alumni), 也許是最接近「師哥師弟」這層含義的單一詞彙。例如:
John and I are both alumni of The University of Chicago.約翰和我都是芝加哥大學的。
但這句話同時暗示:「我們」都已經畢業了。
所以在英文中,我們很難找到一個單詞能代表「師哥」的含義,所以需要其他表達來幫忙。我們可以說:
We're both majoring in business at Stanford University.我們是在史丹福大學學商務的同門。
He shares the same major as me but is senior/junior to me.他是跟我同專業的師哥/師弟。
Lisa and I both studied under Professor Smith, though at different times.我和麗薩都在史密斯教授門下做研究,只不過不是同屆罷了。
He's in my same major but a year ahead.他是跟我同專業的上屆師兄。
She's in my major but a year below/behind me.她是跟我同專業的下屆師妹。
We both studied at the Boston Biomedical Research Institute, and Ethan is my senior by two years.我們都在波士頓醫學研究所學習,伊森是比我高兩屆的師兄。
由於美國文化中不那麼在意「師兄弟」之類的關係,英美人親兄弟姐妹之間也以名字相稱,如果在同一個實驗室中,我們經常會聽到以下的對話:
A: Hey, dude, let's go for a picnic this Saturday.A: 老兄,這周六咱們去野餐。
B: Great!B:好啊!
上面的對話中,對實驗室的同學稱呼為dude。這裡也可以替換成Bro,意思是哥哥或弟弟,相對應的,Sis 就是姐姐或妹妹。例如:
A: Sis, it's raining outside!A: 姐姐,外面下雨了!
B: Crap!We need to take the clothes back!B:糟糕!我們要回家收衣服!
最後補充幾個大學裡常用的稱謂表達:
輔導員 counsellor
助教 tutor/assistant
講師 lecturer
教授 professor
導師 supervisor
碩士生導師 supervisor of postgraduate/ graduate supervisor
博士生導師 doctoral supervisor/ PHD supervisor
三、雙語讀
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