瀏覽器版本過低，暫不支持視頻播放
Well hello! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
I'm super excited to share this video with you today.
大家好，我是Emma，歡迎來到Emma的美味英語！
今天和大家分享這個視頻我超級激動的呢。
I want to challenge your thinking about fluency.
What does it mean to be fluent in English?
我想挑戰一下大家對於流暢度的看法。
英語說得很流利意味著什麼呢？
And are you actually more fluent than you think? . . . . . .
你真的比你想像的更加流暢嗎？
Before we get started I just want to thank the sponsor of today's lesson, Skillshare.
Now I mentioned Skillshare a few weeks ago, in this lesson here.
在我們開始之前，我想首先感謝本次課程的贊助商，Skillshare。
我幾周之前就提到過Skillshare，就在這節課程中。
They're an online learning platform with lots of free classes but through their Premium Membership, you can access thousands of amazing classes taught by expert teachers across so many different areas.
It's mind-blowing really, just how many different courses there are.
它是一個在線學習平臺，有很多免費的課程，但是如果你成為他們的高級會員的話，成千上萬超級贊的課程就可以任君挑選，這些課程都是由各個領域的專家老師教授的。
非常令人大開眼界，各種各樣的課程真的是五花八門。
I've taken three classes already.
I took one in productivity because I need as much help as I can get in that area.
我已經參加了三門課程了。
我參加了一門創造力的課程，因為我需要在那個領域非常需要幫助。
But I'm completely hooked on baking.
I've never baked my own bread before but I've taken two classes about bread-making on Skillshare and I'm getting pretty good at it now.
但是我著實愛上了烘焙。
我從來沒有自己烘焙過麵包，但是我已經參加了Skillshare上面兩節麵包烘焙的課程，我現在已經非常擅長做麵包了。
I learned so much about the baking process and it's actually easier than you think.
Now, taking a course relating to your interest in English is an awesome way to build your fluency around topics that you love and Skillshare is the perfect place to do that.
我學到了很多烘焙過程的知識，真的比你想像中更加簡單。
好的，上一節和你的興趣相關的用英語教授的課程是提升你喜歡的話題的流暢度的超讚的方式，而Skillshare就是一個完美的平臺。
It's super affordable, a premium membership will cost you as little as ten dollars a month on their annual plan.
But Skillshare have given us a special deal today.
而且真的超級便宜，高級會員如果是年費的話，每月才花十刀。
但是Skillshare今天給了我們一個折扣。
The first five hundred mmmEnglish viewers who sign up with a credit card using the link in the description will get two whole months of premium access to all their courses.
It's unlimited!
You can take as many classes as you want!
前五百名美味英語的觀眾通過下方的連結用信用卡購買的話可以獲得兩個月的會員，可以看到所有的課程。沒有限制的！
你想上多少課就可以上多少！
We're so grateful to Skillshare for offering this deal and giving you yet another way to practise your English skills.
So quickly! Get down there and grab that link before someone else does!
非常感謝Skillshare提供給我們這個優惠，也提供給大家另一種練習英語技能的方式。
超快的！在其他人行動起來之前點擊下方獲取連結吧！
All right. Back to the lesson.
Today I've got three ways to increase your English fluency, but first and this is a very important question.
好的。回到我們的課程。
今天我準備了三種方式提成大家的英文流暢度，但是首先有一個非常重要的問題。
What does fluency mean to you?
Now it's tricky because if I asked five of you, I'm sure I'd hear five completely different answers.
流利對你而言意味著什麼？
這個問題並不簡單， 如果我問你們其中五個人的話，我敢肯定肯定會聽到五個完全不同的回答。
What does it mean to be fluent in English? What do you think?
英語流利是什麼意思呢？你覺得呢？
I want you to write me a comment below.
Tell me your opinion about this question.
For some people, fluency is being able to have a normal conversation with a native speaker.
我想讓大家寫在下方的評論處。告訴我你們對於這個問題的想法。
對於有些人來說，流利就是能夠和母語者進行正常交談。
Small talk, general topics like work, where you're from, your family - that kind of thing.
But for others, fluency relates to tests and exams.
隨意的聊天，比如說像工作、你來自哪裡、你的家庭這種類似的一般話題。
但是對於其他人而言，流暢是和考試掛鈎的。
A certain level that you need to achieve before you can enter a university or apply for a visa. And that's okay too!
在你進入大學或者是申請籤證之前需要達到的某一個特定水平。那也沒問題！
But it's really important that you answer this question.
When you say "I want to be fluent in English" what do you actually want to be able to do?
但是重要的是你要去回答這個問題。
當你說「我想讓自己的英語變得很流暢」的時候，你是想擁有什麼能力呢？
Really think about your answer.
I'm pushing you to do this.
要認真考慮一下你的答案。
我在敦促大家做這件事情。
I want you to join in on this discussion, be part of the conversation today here my friend.
Don't just watch, I want you to participate.
我的朋友們，我很想讓大家加入這個討論之中，成為今天這個對話的一部分。
不要只在一邊默默地看，我想讓大家進行練習。
. . . . . . So for me, fluency is a mix of ability: reading, writing, listening, speaking skills and confidence.
那對於我而言呢，流暢是一系列的能力：閱讀、寫作、聽力、口語技巧和自信。
有信心有英語進行對話。
Confidence to stay in an English conversation.
To me, fluency doesn't mean that you're an advanced English user.
對我而言，流暢並不意味著你是高級英語使用者。
當然可以是這樣的，但是並不一定是那個意思。
It could but it doesn't necessarily mean that. In my opinion, someone who's fluent in English can maintain a conversation and feel reasonably relaxed while they're doing it.
在我看來，英語流暢的人可以與人對話，而且在對話的時候感覺非常地放鬆。他們的語氣和速度都很舒適。
Their tone and their pace is comfortable.
They don't hesitate too often.
他們不會經常猶豫。
他們可以用言語，也可以用面部表情來傳達他們的情感。
They should be able to speak words and also express their feelings through their facial expression.
And importantly, they should be able to talk themselves around their mistakes, correct themselves if they need to.
重要的是，他們應該可以談論自己的錯誤，如果需要的話會進行糾正。
一個人的英語越流利，他們就會感到越放鬆，對吧？
The more confident that someone is speaking English, the more relaxed they are, right?
They're comfortable in the language even if it's not a hundred per cent perfect.
他們對這門語言感到非常舒適，即使並不是百分之百的完美。
所以按照我對流利的定義，中等水平的學生可以英語很流利，因為流利是擁有那些你需要進行自然有效交流的技巧，而非一定是完美的程度。
So with my definition of fluency, someone who is an intermediate level student, could be fluent in English because fluency is about having the skills that you need to communicate comfortably and effectively but not perfectly.
So I wonder if our ideas of fluency are slightly different.
我在想你對於流利的想法是不是有點不同。
你可能和我的觀點背道而馳，但是沒關係的，只要你知道英語流利度對於你而言意味著什麼就可以。
You might completely disagree with me and that's okay as long as you know what English fluency means to you.
Okay we've all agreed that your own definition of fluency is completely acceptable here.
好的，我們都同意你對於流利的定義是完全可以接受的。
既然你已經了解了定義，是時候讓我們來談論一下提升流利度的一些方式了吧。
And now that you know that definition, it's time for us to talk about some ways that you can increase your fluency.
Firstly, I want you to worry less about accuracy.
首先，希望你不要太擔心正確性。
對於你們其中的某些人而言，這可能並不是什麼新鮮事。
Now for some of you, this might not be such a new idea.
Maybe you don't worry too much about your mistakes and that's perfect.
你可能對於自己的錯誤並不那麼擔心，那就太棒了。
但是要繼續聽下去哦，因為我這節課的後面還有其他的一些策略。
But stay with me because I've got some other strategies coming up later in the lesson.
But for most of you, this idea might seem a little crazy especially if you've studied English at school or at a university.
但是對於你們中的大多數人而言，這個想法可能有點點瘋狂，尤其是如果你在學校或者是大學裡面學習過英語的話。
我們所接受的教育就是要說對，如果不對的話，就是錯的。
Everything that we are taught there is about getting it right and if it's not right, it's wrong. You have to prove your ability by passing an exam.
你必須提升自己的能力通過考試。好的，生活並不是一場考試，所以我希望大家在思考流暢度的時候，忘記這些東西。
Well, life is nothing like an exam so I want you to forget all of that when you're thinking about fluency.
As your teacher, helping you to become more confident as an English speaker, you need to change the way that you think about accuracy when you're speaking in English.
作為你的老師，幫助你成為更加自信的英語學習者，你需要改變你說英語的時候對於正確度的看法。
我現在談論的不是英語寫作，而是英語口語。
Now I'm not talking about writing in English here, I'm talking about speaking.
You know that there are many different ways to say the same thing, right?
你知道可以有很多不同的方式來說同一種事情，對吧？
如果你說話的時候犯了錯誤的話，你只需要學習如何回到這個話題，然後改掉這個錯誤就行啦。
And if you make a mistake when you're speaking, you just need to learn how to loop yourself around in that conversation and fix it.
You don't need to feel worried or ashamed, it happens to me, to native speakers all the time too.
你不需要擔心或者是感到很羞恥，我也會有這種情況的，所有的母語者也都會犯錯誤。你需要做的就是充滿信心，相信自己能夠改掉你犯的那些錯誤。
All you need to do is feel confident that you can fix the mistakes that you make.
If you're too focused on the mistakes that you're making and you're constantly questioning yourself in your head during your conversation, this is going to hold you back because if you're too afraid or you're too worried to even start speaking, how are you supposed to get any practice, right?
如果你太關注你犯的錯誤的話，你就會在對話的時候在腦海中一直問自己，而這會對你造成阻礙，因為如果你太害怕或者是太擔心以至於不敢開始說話的話，你怎麼能進行練習呢，是吧？
所以試著少關注你犯的那些錯誤，將注意力放在清晰地傳達信息上。
So try to focus less on the mistakes that you're making and focus more on communicating your message clearly. This is going to help you to relax and focus on the positives of your conversation.
這能夠幫助你放鬆，並且關注對話中的積極方面。
是的，我現在在談論的就是思維定式。
Yes I am talking about your mindset here. I'm talking about changing the way that you think about yourself.
我說的是改變你認識自己的方式。
當然了，說得好總比做得好簡單，我知道，但是我想讓大家改變對於正確性的觀念模式是因為你需要開始讓自己接觸真實情境中的英語，對嗎？
Now that is easier to say than it is to do, I know but the reason why I want you to shift your mindset on accuracy is because you need to start exposing yourself to English in real situations, right?
So that you can get comfortable being flexible with the language.
這樣你才能對這門語言感到更加地輕鬆自如。
而母語者們一直都是這麼做的，對嗎？
It's what native speakers do all the time, right?
We make up words to express our ideas we end and we twist the tenses a little if we make a mistake but it doesn't really affect the meaning of our sentence.
我們用詞彙來表達我們的想法，如果我們犯錯了的話，就回去進行一下修改，但那並不影響我們句子的意思。
我們可能並不想費事去修改，誰會在意呢，尤其是你在和朋友或者是家人對話的話，所以不要太被正確性所桎梏。
Well we might not bother to fix it, who cares when you're speaking to, you know, friends and family in particular so don't get too caught up on accuracy.
Now the next thing I want you to think about is focus on the English that you need to use.
我想和大家討論的另一件事情就是關注你需要使用的英語。關於這個問題，有兩種不同的思考方式。
Now there's two different ways to think about this.
The first way is to think really broadly about English as a language.
首先是非常寬泛地將英語看作是一門語言。
英語或者是其他任何一種語言的現實就是它們其中包含著成千上萬的單詞，只有一部分在日常的對話中會使用地比較頻繁，我說的是英語母語者，不是英語學習者。
The reality of English or any language is that there are thousands and thousands of words yet, only a percentage of those are used frequently in daily conversation and I'm talking about native English speakers here, not English learners.
An average native English speaker actively uses around ten to twelve per cent of English words.
一般的英語母語者只會使用大概百分之十到十二的英文單詞。
那是他們的積極詞彙，當他們寫作和說話的時候就會用這些單詞表達自我。
That's their active vocabulary, words that they use to express themselves when they write and they speak. Now this is the full vocabulary that they use out in the world but satisfies their need to communicate in every part of their life.
這就是他們使用的全部單詞，但是卻能夠滿足他們日常交流的所有需求。
這些普通的英語母語者大概有百分之二十三到二十四的單詞是消極詞彙，也就說這些單詞他們在閱讀和聽力的時候能夠理解，但是自己卻不怎麼用。
Now this same average native speaker keeps about twenty-three to twenty-four per cent of English words in their passive vocabulary which means that, you know, their words that they read and they listen to and they understand but they don't really use them themselves.
There is a percentage of English words that you need to know and understand and I invite you to focus on more specific and useful parts of English rather than feeling completely overwhelmed by this really huge and complicated language.
有一部分英語單詞你需要了解並且理解，所以我希望大家專注於特定的、更加有用的那部分，而不是被這龐大複雜的語言而嚇壞了。
簡單來說，如果你知道十分之一的英文單詞的話，你就和英語母語者水平差不多好了。
To put it simply, if you know ten per cent of English words, you'll be as good as a native English speaker. So break that down for yourself, you know.
自己把那些單詞進行劃分吧。先專攻前一千個單詞，然後轉移到另外三千個單詞，五千個單詞。
我在描述區分享了一些非常有用的連結，所以如果你想要獲得單詞表和最常用的單詞的話，那就點擊描述區的連結吧。
Focus on the first one thousand words then move on to the next three thousand, five thousand.
I've shared some really useful links about this in the description box below so if you're interested in getting word lists and the most common uses of words, grab the links in the description.
Now the second way to think about this is to think more specifically about how you use English.
好的，那第二個方式就是更加明確地考慮你如何使用英語。在英語的某個特定領域變得流暢。
So become fluent in that particular area of English. Be an English expert in the space that you need to use it.
成為你需要使用的那部分的英語專家。如果你是一個自由平面設計師或者是網頁開發者的話，你想要和國際客戶進行合作，那你就需要在那個領域做到流暢，在你專業的領域。
So if you're a freelance graphic designer or a web developer and you want to work with international clients, you need to become fluent in that area, in your area of expertise.
What are the conversations that you're going to have with those clients?
你要和那些客戶進行什麼對話呢？你們需要討論什麼話題？
What topics do you need to discuss? What words do you need to express your ideas?
你需要使用哪些詞彙來表達你的觀點？
這就是你需要專攻的英語，當然也可以直接轉化為你的興趣和愛好。
Now this is exactly the English that you need to focus on and this translates directly into your interests and your hobbies as well.
If you're passionate about photography or growing vegetables or flying drones, you want to be able to talk about those things in English too, right?
如果你對攝影、種植蔬菜或者是無人機超級感冒的話，你想要用英語來談論這些話題，對嗎？
你想要遇見其他的說英語的人，他們也對這些東西感興趣。
You'll want to meet other English speakers who are also interested in those things. So focus on the vocabulary and the expressions that you need to do this.
專注於你需要使用的那些詞彙和表達。你需要找到你的同伴，那些和你一樣充滿激情的人。
You need to find your people, others who are as passionate as you are. You need to join online groups and communities or even meet up in person if you can.
你需要加入線上群體，如果可以的話甚至可以見個面。去試用一下Skillshare吧，我在本節課程開始的時候提到過的。
Grab the Skillshare trial that I mentioned at the start of this lesson.
Just take all of the courses in photography, learn as much as you can about the things that you love.
參加所有的攝影課程，儘可能多地學習關於你喜歡的事情的一切。
你可以聽母語者談論這些話題。
You'll be able to listen to native speakers talking about the topic.
You'll learn new words and expressions and ways of talking about your interests, right?
你將會學到新的詞彙和表達，還有討論你的興趣的方式，對嗎？
你需要讓自己接觸特定某種類型的英語。
當然，毫無疑問的是提升流利度的最快方式就是住在說英語的國家，就可以被英語所包圍，幫自己沉浸其中，但是如果你沒有這樣的機會的話，我們可以退而求其次，通過上課、節目和社群來讓自己被英語所包圍。
You need to expose yourself to that particular type of English.
Now the fastest way to increase your fluency is undoubtedly, to live in an English-speaking country where you're surrounded by it, where you can immerse yourself but if you haven't got that opportunity to do that, well the next best thing is to surround yourself with English through courses, through programs, through communities.
Now if you really want to improve your fluency in a particular area, then find a tutor to work with you and specifically ask them to practise roleplays.
如果你真的想要提升自己在某個領域的流暢度的話，那就找一個老師和你一起，尤其是要讓他們和你進行角色扮演。
角色扮演就是你假裝在某個特定的情境之下。
Now a roleplay is when you pretend that you're in a particular situation. It's like you're acting, you pretend that you're doing something, you're speaking the English that you would need to use in that situation.
就像你在表演一下，假裝你在做某件事情，你在說你在某種情境中用得到的英語。
我的未婚夫Shah在我們學習西班牙語的時候就做得很好。
Now my fiance Shah, did this brilliantly when we were studying in Spain.
All he really wanted to be able to do in Spanish was speak to the butchers at the markets about the jamón, the regions, the pigs, what they were fed, what problems the farmers faced - that kind of thing.
他就是想要西班牙語來和市場的小販子說話，討論一下火腿啊， 地區啊，豬豬啊，餵他們什麼，農民面臨著什麼問題——就是這些。
他需要知道如何談論非常特定的話題，所以他讓他的老師和他一起進行角色扮演。
He needed to know how to talk about very specific topics so he asked his tutor to roleplay with him.
She had to pretend that she was the butcher and have conversations with him about pigs and they practised again and again and again.
她要假裝自己就是小販子，和他討論豬的話題，他們一直在這樣進行訓練。
他的導師超級贊，但是我敢肯定她絕對覺得他瘋了。
His tutor was wonderful but I'm sure she thought he was crazy. But after six weeks of practising, Shah went from being basically a beginner to being fluent in butcher Spanish which is completely hilarious but seriously, thinking about how this strategy could supercharge your English in a particular area, could be a really useful tool for you.
但是在六周的練習之後，Shah的西班牙小販語言已經從入門者水平達到了流利水平，這聽起來還蠻好笑的，但是說實話，想一下這個策略真的能夠迅速提升你在某一個領域的英語水平，這真的是一個非常有用的工具。
我的意思是你可以把這個策略應用到任何的領域。
I mean you can apply this to any area. If you work at a hotel, and you need to be able to speak to customers who are staying at the hotel in English, you really need to be fluent in a few very specific things.
如果你在酒店工作的話，你需要能夠用英語和住在酒店的顧客進行交流，那你就需要在一些特定的話題達到流利的程度。
你需要流利地進行指路。
You need to be fluent in giving good directions.
You need to be fluent in offering assistance, you need to be fluent in helping them to pay their bill, that kind of thing.
你需要流利地提供幫助，你需要流利地幫助他們付帳帶，諸如此類。
你不需要知道很多關於經濟、金融和農業的詞彙。
You don't need to know a whole lot of vocabulary about economics and finance and farming.
It's absolutely possible to be fluent in the English that you need.
在你需要的那部分英語達到流利水平是完全可能的。當然也是非常迅速的。
如果你能專攻你需要變得流利的那部分英語的話，那就是你需要努力的方向，對嗎？
And reasonably quickly too.
If you can focus on the English that you need to be fluent in and that is what you should be working towards, right?
So I guess what I'm trying to say is that shifting the way that you think about fluency can make it seem more achievable, right?
所以我猜我想要說的就是改變你對於流暢度的看法能夠讓其看起來更加容易達成，對嗎？
現在我想要大家在評論中告訴我你想自己哪個部分的英語變得流利起來？
Now I want you to tell me in the comments what do you want to be English fluent in?
What specific areas?
哪個特定的領域？
I might be able to make some extra vocabulary lessons to help, particularly if lots of people are asking around those topics.
我或許可以再出幾節課程來幫助大家，尤其是如果很多人都覺得這些話題需要幫助的話。
I really hope that this lesson was helpful for you.
我真的希望這節課能夠幫到大家。
I hope that you kept your mind open and we stayed curious through the lesson, allowing yourself to think of some of these different ideas, even if they sound a little different and I really encourage you to keep these different ideas in mind if you want to increase your fluency in English or in any language, then you need to think specifically about what you need and take action.
希望大家能夠敞開心扉，在本節課程的過程中一直保持好奇心，允許自己考慮一下不同的觀點，儘管它們聽起來可能有點點不同，我非常鼓勵大家把這些觀點內化於心，如果你真的想提升自己的英語流利度或者是任何語言的流利度的話，那你需要仔細思考自己到底需要什麼，然後採取行動。