UnitThree
Friendship
EnhanceYour Language Awareness Words in ActionWorkingwith Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form wherenecessary.
▆ Answers:
1) bound
2) unfolded
3) possessing
4) has surpassed
5) appointed
6) virtues
7) had corresponded
8) gazed
9) keen
10) grasped
11) grounded
12) sensible
13) commitments
14) regulating
2. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use themin the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-fillingexercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
distinguishbetween
checked up on
torn down
make a fortune
all of a sudden
lost track of
Casting an eye over
broke up
take pleasure in
described as
turned up
in so far as
is under arrest
pass on
as to
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
The preposition 「as」 is often used together with someverbs to describe the fact that sb./sth. has a particular function, role orjob. Translate the following into Chinese, paying attention to the 「verb… as」
1. collocation.
▆ Answers:
1) accept…as
接受……為
2) respect… as
尊重……為
3) define…as
把……定義為
4) describe… as
把……描述成
5) picture… as
把……想像成
6) regard … as
把……看作
7) see…as
把……看作
8) view … as
把……看作
Now complete the followingsentences by using the 「verb + as」 collocation.
1) himboth as a father and as a writer
2) myself as a swan dancing on thelake
3) the challenge as an opportunityto test his courage
4) me as one of their family members
5) it as a joke
6) Mark as being in his late teens, tall and friendlyto everyone
7) as the greatest painter of his time
8) loveas a way of life, it as a way to feel
2. Did you notice the suffix 「-al」 or 「-ial」 in the words 「trial」 and 「arrival」in this unit? The suffix 「–al」 or 「-ial」 can be added to verbs to form nouns. Put down the noun forms of the followingverbs in the space provided.
▆ Answers:
1)
arrive
→
arrival
2)
try
→
trial
3)
approve
→
approval
4)
betray
→
betrayal
5)
bury
→
burial
6)
dismiss
→
dismissal
7)
dispose
→
disposal
8)
propose
→
proposal
9)
refuse
→
refusal
10)
remove
→
removal
11)
survive
→
survival
12)
withdraw
→
withdrawal
Now fill in the blanks in the followingsentences by choosing the proper words with the suffix 「–al」 or 「–ial」 from the above table.
refusal
arrivals
removal
dismissal
survival
proposal
disposal
approval
Grammarin Context
1. In Unit 2 and Unit 3 youfind the following sentences containing 「no matter what」, 「whenever」 and 「whatever.」
Now complete the followingsentences by translating the Chinese in the bracket into English, using 「nomatter what (who, which, how, etc.)」 or 「whatever (whoever, whichever, however,etc.) .」
▆ Answers for reference:
1) whichever tent you are not usingnow
2) whoever comes / come first
3) whichever / whatever condition ourcaptain thought was the best
4) Wherever / No matter where I go
5) whatever wishes their child /children expresses/express
6) However disappointed / No matterhow disappointed you may feel about the surroundings / environment / situation
7) Whoever breaks it
8) whenever he concentrates on aproblem
2. The structure 「It is…that / who…」 is used to achieve emphasis, asshown in the following sentences taken from Text A.
Now correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. WriteNONE under the correct sentence(s).
▆ Answers for reference:
1) It is notluck but hard work that led himto today’s success.
2) Prof. Moen argues that it isenergy that makes the world goround.
3) It was not untilhe had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust.
4) It was clearly the headmaster himselfwho/that opened the door forme.
5) NONE
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen fromText A. The initial letter of each target word is given.
▆ Answers:
1) classical
2) notion
3) utility
4) ground
5) occurs
6) goodness
7) asto
8) possesses
9) bound
10) mirror
11) virtuous
12) commitment
13) moral excellence
Translation
1. Translate the following sentencesinto English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) The friendship groundedon common / shared interest does not breakup easily. / It is not easy for the friendship grounded on common / shared interest to break up.
2) Children must learn to distinguish between violence andbravery / courage in computer games.
3) There spring up so many newthings every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to know / keep track of everything.
4) Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal tofriends; that is why there is what we call / is called 「the court of morality」.
5) Today’s culture is described as 「fast-food culture」.Whatever they may be / are doing, people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfactionwithin the shortest time.
6) As the saying goes, there is no suchthing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn / work for it.
2. Translate thefollowing paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the boxbelow.
▆ Answers for reference:
As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humansare social animals. Living together in a community, we naturally expect to havefriends. As to what friendship is,we have read different definitions given by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, and Cicero, a Romanstatesman. No one will deny that some people make friends simply for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more peoplelong for 「soul pals」— those who possessvirtues and with whom we can gothrough trials and tribulationstogether. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and inspire usto have the courage of our convictions.Such is what we call 「true friendship」. It is with such friends』 company thatwe find ourselves surpassing our oldselves and becoming better persons / people.
Theme-Related Writing
Do either of the following two tasks after class.
1. Suppose you were Jimmy Wells in Text B. Write about your friendship withBob from childhood to the moment when Bob was arrested. You may follow thechronological sequence of events or use flashback — a narrative technique that allows a writer to present past eventsduring current events. Be sure to include both facts and opinions in your writing.
2. Write about one of your close friends according to the outline givenbelow.
1) a brief introduction of the friend
2) the reason(s) why you have become friends
3) the influence of the friendship upon your life
▆ Sample essay for task 1:
Bob and I became brother-like friends in ourchildhood. We played, dined and discussed our ambitions together. Once grownup, he started for the West to make his fortune while I became a policeman inNew York. Before his departure, we had dinner together and we agreed that wewould meet at the same place exactly twenty years from that date and time, nomatter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have tocome.
Then came the day we were supposedto meet. I was on my beat then. Walking up to the appointed place which hadbeen turned into a hardware store, I saw a man standing there with an unlightedcigar in his mouth. Before I could speak, he told me that he was waiting for afriend by the name of Jimmy Wells. When he struck a match to light his cigar, Isaw a pale face with keen eyes and a scar. I recognized him immediately. It wasBob, and it was also the face of the man wanted by the Chicago Police. For amoment I felt like telling him to escape right away. After all, we had beenfriends for so many years and he had traveled all the way to see me! But thenmy sense of duty told me the right thing to do. I said good-bye to him and continuedmy patrol, his last words still ringing in my ear: 「I』ll wait for half an hour.Jimmy will keep his promise if he’s alive…」 I then sent for a plain clothes manand had Bob arrested.（270 words）
▆ Sample essay for task 2:
An Important Friendin My Life
Li Qiang, one of my classmates, is fun to bewith. He is always wearing a broad smile as if life is forever 「sunshine andbutterflies.」 One day, I revealed to him my worries and anxieties: I, anordinary-looking girl, was 177 centimeters tall, even taller than any of the boysin my class. I thought no boy would like to date me. Besides, I was very poorat my academic courses.
He suggested that I should learn to be myselfand then he introduced me to a fashion show team of the university. Encouraged,I decided to change myself. After a 3-month training program on weekends, Icould perform beautifully as a model, and surprisingly, I could concentrate onthe required academic courses as well. The applauses I won at each fashion showand the scholarship I earned proved that being myself was terrific. Since then,my life has changed a lot. Thus, Li Qiang became an important friend of mine.
Last semester, we began to help young peoplewho suffer pressures from physical defects, academic failures or financialproblems. We set up a Confidence Club. Those who come to us for help find ourwork definitely beneficial. Our friendship has led me into a sparkling,rewarding life. (209 words)