英語動詞有主動語態和被動語態之分。
主動語態的句子中，主語是動作的執行者,
而被動語態的句子中，主語是動詞的承受者。
只有及物動詞或相當於及物動詞的短語動詞,才能構成被動語態。
考點一 各種時態被動語態的構成
一般現在時
is/ am/ are + done
The classroom is cleaned every day.
教室每天被打掃。
一般過去時
was/ were + done
The dumplings were made yesterday.
餃子是昨天包的。
現在進行時
is/ am/ are + being + done
The room is being cleaned now.
現在房間正在被打掃。
過去完成時
had + been + done
The two roads had been built by the end of last month.
到上個月末為止,兩條公路被建成了。
一般將來時
shall/ will + be + done
A new hospital will be built next year.
明年一個新的醫院將被建成。
過去將來時
should/ would + be + done
Mike said a new film would be shown.
邁克說一部新電影將上映。
含有情態動詞
情態動詞+ be + done
The work must be finished on time.
必須按時完成這項工作。
考點二 被動語態的用法
1. 不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
昨晚一些新電腦被偷了。
2. 強調動作的承受者,而不強調動作的執行者。
The homework must be handed in on time.
作業必須按時交上來。
3. 說話或發表意見時,為了顯得客觀公正,也常用被動語態。
常用句型:
It is said that… 據說……
It is reported that…據報導……
It is hoped that… 希望……
It is believed that… 人們相信……
考點三 主動語態轉化為被動語態的方法
1. 把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
2. 把謂語動詞變為被動結構(be+過去分詞),注意雖然其人稱和數隨主語的變化而變化,但動詞的時態保持不變。
3. 把主動語態中的主語放在介詞 by 之後作賓語,若主語是人稱代詞,則把主格變為賓語(by 短語可以省略)。
考點四 被動語態的幾種特殊情況
1. make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等使役動詞和感官動詞在主動語態中與省略 to 的動詞不定式連用,但變為被動語態時,必須還原 to。
I often see the old man run in the morning.
我經常看到這位老人在早上跑步。
The old man is often seen to run in the morning.
這位老人經常被看見在早上跑步。
2. 一些動詞短語用於被動語態時,動詞短語應視為一個整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
The little dog must be looked after well.
這條小狗必須被好好照顧。
考點五 主動語態表被動意義的幾種情況
1. 不及物動詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質和狀態。
常見的動詞是:
cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等。
The books sell well.
這些書賣得很好。
2. 系動詞無被動語態。
The apples taste nice.
蘋果嘗起來很好吃。
3. 不定式在某些形容詞之後,且與主語有動賓關係。
The question is difficult to answer.
這個問題是很難回答的。
4. 「have/ get+賓語+過去分詞」這個結構也表達了一種被動的意思。
I'll have the bike repaired soon.
我將儘快請人修理這輛自行車。
5. 在 need 後面,主動的-ing 形式表達被動的意思。
Your vegetables need watering.
你的蔬菜需要澆水了。
巧記:
被動語態強調賓(語),
用 be 加上過去分(詞),
行為對象作主語,
邏輯主語 by 來引。
練習：
A組：
( )1. Don't worry. Your package ____ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. has kept
B. will keep
C. has been kept
D. will be kept
( )2. John ___ to come to the teacher's office just now. He may be in trouble.
A. was told
B. told
C. has told
D. tells
( )3. —I haven't seen John for many years. How's he going?
—He broke the law and ____ to prison 2 years ago.
A. has sent
B. were sent
C. was sent
D. was sending
( )4. —Where are your dogs, Mickey? —The dogs ____ to the pet centre last week.
A. is sent
B. was sent
C. are sent
D. were sent
( )5. Some beautiful flowers ____ to her daughter on her last birthday.
A. are given
B. are giving
C. were given
D. were giving
( )6. —It's difficult for the village children to cross the river to school.
—I agree with you. I think a bridge ____ over the river.
A. will build
B. is built
C. should be built
D. was built
( )7. Mr Green ____ 2 minutes to think about the final decision.
A. gives
B. gave
C. was given
D. will give
( )8. —Sandy __ to be hard-working by her parents. —So am I.
A. asks
B. is asking
C. asked
D. is asked
( )9. I wonder if the talent show ___ next month. If they ____ it, I must get ready for it.
A. will hold; hold
B. will hold; will hold
C. will be held; hold
D. is held; will hold
( )10. The garden ____ while the Greens were away from home.
A. took good care of
B. was taken good care of
C. taken good care of
D. was taking good care
B組：
( )1. —How do you like the soccer game last Tuesday?
—Oh, it was surprising. The strongest team of our school ____.
A. was beaten
B. won
C. beaten
D. is beaten
( )2. —Can you go out now?
—No. I can't go out until my homework ____.
A. finishes
B. is finished
C. has finished
D. finished
( )3. The leader said that much attention must ___ these details.
A. pay
B. be paid
C. pay to
D. be paid to
( )4. —The kitchen ____ now. —But who ____ it?
A. was being cleaned; was cleaning
B. is cleaned; cleaned
C. is being cleaned; is cleaning
D. was cleaned; cleaned
( )5. —The old man is seen ____ every morning. —So he is.
A. running
B. run
C. to run
D. ran
( )6. —Mrs Green, your vegetables need ____. —I know.
A. to water
B. being water
C. watering
D. watered
( )7. —The tallest building ____ by the end of last month. —That's good news.
A. has been built
B. had been built
C. was built
D. were built
( )8. —The books should ____ to the library on time. —All right.
A. be got
B. send
C. give back
D. be returned
( )9. —What did Tom say just now? —He said that a new film ___ the next day.
A. is shown
B. shown
C. would be shown
D. will be shown
( )10. —I ____ to go out at night. —That's a strict rule.
A. am allowed
B. am not allowed
C. allow
D. was not allowed
C組、用所給單詞的正確形式填空
1. A new international airport ________________ (complete) in the city next year.
2. —Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?
—It’s me. This photo _________ (take) when I was five.
3. The weatherman says a rain shower ______________ (expect) this afternoon in the south.
4. People, especially the young, ___________________ (easily influence) by their friends.
5. The game ______________ (play) next month.
6. Dr Bethune _________________ (still remember) in both China and Canada today.
7. Look at the trees on both sides of the streets. They ____________ (plant) last spring.
8. Paper-making ____________ (invent) by the Chinese in the Western Han dynasty.
9. You needn’t throw it away. It can ___________ (recycle).
10. We Chinese ______________ (encourage) by the touching documentary Amazing China.
答案：
A組
1-5 DACDC 6-10 CCDCB
B組
1-5 ABDCC 6-10 CBDCB
C組
1. will be completed
2. was taken
3. is expected
4. are easily influenced
5. will be played
6. is still remembered
7. were planted
8. was invented
9. be recycled
10. are encouraged
關聯知識：
語法1：名詞
語法2：代詞
語法3：冠詞
語法4：數詞
語法5：介詞
語法6：形容詞和副詞
語法7：動詞的種類
語法8：動詞的時態
語法10：非謂語動詞
點擊閱讀原文。
點亮在看。