英語的最基本的結構是主、謂結構，倒裝就是將這種比較固定的詞序加以顛倒。英語的倒裝結構分為兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。完全倒裝即指整個謂語動詞被放在主語的前面。今天，輔導老師和大家分享一下完全倒裝的常見結構，以幫助大家很快識別倒裝並還原。
常見的完全倒裝結構：
(1) 副詞here, there, then, now, next,等至於句首時：
Yourturn comesnow. Now comes your turn。
Edward and his wife came next. Next
came Edward and his wife。
A ticket for you is here. Here
is a ticket for you。
Notes: 主語為代詞時，不用倒裝
He comes now. Now he comes。
(2) 表地點的介詞短語置於句首時：
An old man sat in front of thehouse. In front of the house sat an old man。
A beautiful lake lies at the foot ofthe hill. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake。
Some students are sitting under thetree. Under the tree are sitting somestudents。
Notes: 主語為代詞時，不用倒裝
He came in again. In he came again。
He sat in front of thehouse. In front of the house he sat。
(3) 方位副詞off, away, up, in, down等至於句首時：
The horse went off. Off
went the horse。
The prices went up. Up
went the prices。
The bird flew away. Away
flew the bird。
Notes: 主語為代詞時，不用倒裝
(4) 形容詞/形容詞短語/現在分詞短語/過去分詞短語做句子的表語位於句首時：(此時句中的謂語動詞往往是系動詞，包括be動詞，持續系動詞：keep, remain, stay等，感官系動詞：feel, smell, sound, taste，變化系動詞：become, go, get等。)
Mr. White and manyother friends were present at the meeting. Present at the meeting were Mr.White and many other friends。
Aboy was lying on the floor. Lyingon the floor was a boy。
接下來，給大家列舉幾個考研真題的例句，檢測大家是否能一眼識別完全倒裝結構：
a.Implicit within Taylor’sdefinition is the concept that culture islearned, shared, and patterned behavior. (2013年英譯漢)
分析：這裡是完全倒裝，倒裝結構是上述的(4)：形容詞短語(implicitwithin Taylor’s definition)作表語置於句首。
譯文：泰勒對文化的定義隱含這樣一層意思，即文化是一種學習、交流和模式化的行為。
b.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Rossin 1992. (1997年閱讀)
分析：這裡是完全倒裝，倒裝結構是上述的(2)：表地點的介詞短語(atthe core of this debate)置於句首。
譯文：這場爭論的核心人物是現年56歲的主席GeraldLevin。他於1992年接替已故的Steve Ross。
c.Emerging from the 1980census is the picture of a nation developingmore and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast andMidwest reaches a near standstill。
分析：這裡是完全倒裝，倒裝結構是上述的(4)：現在分詞短語(emergingfrom the 1980 census)作表語置於句首。
譯文：1980年的人口普查顯示，隨著東北部和中西部人口發展幾乎停頓，國家形成越來越多的地方性競爭。
以上便是英語的完全倒裝及其常見的結構。倒裝結構是考研英語難點之一，了解和掌握常見的倒裝結構，可以幫助大家很快識別長難句中的倒裝並還原為正常語序，從而肅清句子理解的障礙。
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(責任編輯：張嬋)