動名詞的作用
1.動名詞在句子中作主語。
Talking mends no holes.
空談無濟於事。
動名詞的動作者是泛指的人。
It was pleasant and comfortable sitting there.
坐在那裡很愉快舒適。
It是形式主語,真正主語是動名詞sitting there。
Her relying too much on others isn't good for her.
她過度倚賴別人對她沒好處。
動名詞的動作者是特指的人。
2.動名詞在句子中可以作動詞的賓語和介系詞的賓語。
(1)動名詞作動詞的賓語時,動名詞的動作者多是特指的,但也有時是泛指的。
I hate smoking.
我討厭抽菸。
I find {it} pleasant and comfortable living there.
我覺得住在那裡很愉快舒適。
it是形式賓語, 動名詞片語leaving there是真正賓語。
Do you mind my(me) opening the windows?
你介意我打開窗子嗎?
動名詞用作賓語時,動作者可用人稱代名詞的所有格表示,在非正式用法中也可用賓格表示。
(2)動名詞可作介系詞的賓語,但要注意不要將有些成語中的介系詞to和不定詞符號to相混淆。常見的可後接動名詞含有介系詞to的成語有amount to, be used to, get used to, be equal to, contribute...to, descend to, devote to, get to, in addition to, look forward to, object to, owing to, own up to, reduce to, see to, take to, testify to, come near to等,動名詞的動作者多為特指。
He was proud of having taught a student like Einstein.
他因教過像愛因斯坦那樣的學生而感到驕傲。
I've been looking forward to visiting the Pyramids.
我一直在盼望參觀金字塔。
Then I decide to give up smoking.
那麼我決定戒菸。
I am satisfied with your doing like this..
我因你這樣做而感到滿意。
(3)動名詞可和about, after, against, at, before, besides, by, for, from, in, on, since, without等介系詞構成片語,作修飾語。
He never complained about working overtime.
他從不抱怨加班工作。
Besides knowing English, French, German, he is fluent in Japanese.
他除了懂英語、法語、德語外,還能說流利的日語。
Besides smoking, he can also talk to people in English, Japanese, French.
除了抽菸外，他還能和人們用英語，日語，法語交談。
(4)動名詞可與介系詞構成片語,作名詞的修飾語。可被修飾的名詞及其與之搭配的介系詞常見的有apology for, art of, astonishment at, chance of, opportunity of, excuse for, experience of(in), habit of, hobby of, honor of, hope of, idea of, importance of, intention of, means of, method of, necessity of, possibility of, process of, right of, surprise at, way of等。
I don't like his way of talking.
我不喜歡他的談話方式。
He has no experience in teaching.
他沒有教學經驗。
3.動名詞作主語補語。
Her job is teaching pupils English.
她的工作是教國小生英語。
動名詞teaching pupils English的動作者是特指的她。
What she worries about is her son's playing all day.
她所發愁的是她兒子整天玩。
動名詞的動作者是特指的人her son。
Seeing is believing.
眼見為實。
動名詞believing的動作者是泛指的人。
4.動名詞作賓語補語。
We call this cheating .
我們管這叫欺騙。
動名詞的動作者是泛指的人。
5.動名詞可以用作主語或賓語的同位語。
His hobby, collecting antique coins, has been kept on for years.
他的嗜好,收集古幣,已經持續好久了。
His new hobby, smoking cigarettes, has been kept on for a short time.
他的新嗜好,抽香菸,已經持續一陣子了。
動名詞collecting antique coins作主語his hobby的同位語。
He doesn't like his job, working all day at a dirty and noisy place.
他不喜歡他的工作,整天在一個又髒又喧譁的地方做事。
動名詞working all day at a dirty and noisy place 作賓語his job的同位語。