Hello, I’m Sam and welcome to 6 Minute English.
大家好，我是薩姆，歡迎來到六分鐘英語。
This is the programme where in just six minutes we discuss an interesting topic and teach some related English vocabulary.
在這個節目中，我們將用六分鐘的時間討論一個有趣的話題，並教授一些相關的英語詞彙。
Joining me to do this is Rob.
和我搭檔的是羅伯。
Hello. And today we’re talking about fraud.
大家好。今天我們要討論的是詐騙。
Fraud is the criminal activity of getting money by deceiving people – or tricking people by doing something dishonest.
詐騙是通過欺騙他人來獲取錢財的犯罪行為——或者通過做一些不老實的事情來欺騙他人。
There are many ways to do this – and much of it is happening online these days.
詐騙有很多方法，而且詐騙大多發生在網上。
We』ll talk more about this in a moment.
我們一會兒將詳細討論這個。
But first, a very honest quiz question for you to answer, Rob.
但首先，羅伯，有一個問題，你要誠實回答。
According to UK Finance – an organisation that represents the British banking industry – how much money did criminals steal through fraud and scams last year?
根據英國金融公司——代表英國銀行業的組織，罪犯去年通過欺詐和詐騙竊取了多少錢？
Was it… a) £1.2m, b) £120m, or c) £1.2bn?
是a) 120萬英鎊，b) 1.2億英鎊，還是c) 12億英鎊？
Well, I imagine it’s quite a lot – so I』ll say £120m.
好吧，我想它是相當多的——所以我說是1.2億英鎊。
We'll find out if you're right later in the programme.
我們稍後將在節目中揭曉你是否正確。
Now, I just mentioned the word scam, which is an illegal way of making money by tricking someone.
我剛才提到了「詐騙」這個詞，它是通過欺騙他人來賺錢的一種非法方式。
We may think that we』ll never be scammed, but already millions of people have fallen for fake emails, phone calls or letters that look genuine and ask us to give or update our financial details.
我們可能覺得自己永遠不會被詐騙，但已經有數百萬人被看似真實，但卻虛假的電子郵件、電話或信件騙了，它們要求我們提供或更新我們的財務細節。
To fall for means to believe something that is a trick or a lie, to be true.
信以為真指的是相信騙局或謊言是真的。
This year, for example, thousands of people in the UK fell for a fraudulent – or fake email, requesting that people update their direct debit details for paying their TV licence.
例如，今年英國成千上萬的人對一封欺詐性或虛假的電子郵件信以為真，它要求人們更新支付電視執照費的直接扣款信息。
That's a payment we have to make in the UK to fund the BBC.
那是我們在英國必須為BBC出的錢。
This is something the BBC Radio 4 programme, You and Yours, has been discussing.
這是BBC廣播4頻道You and Yours節目一直在討論的問題。
It's BBC Fraud investigator reporter, Shari Vahl, explained why it was easy to be deceived…
BBC欺詐調查員莎莉·瓦爾解釋了為什麼人們很容易被詐騙……
It's a sleight of hand fraud.
這是詐騙的花招。
The criminals get you to look over there whilst they rifle your pockets and I have the email here and it looks completely convincing.
罪犯讓你看向別處，與此同時他們在你口袋裡翻找，我這裡有一封電子郵件，它看起來很有說服力。
All the right logos, all the right fonts.
都是正確的標識，正確的字體。
It just says that my direct debit on my TV licence has failed and I need to pay it.
它只是說我電視執照費的直接扣款失敗了，我需要付款。
It’s very polite.
很客氣。
So some great language there.
那裡有一些很不錯的語言表達。
She said that this scam was a sleight of hand fraud.
她說詐騙是欺詐的花招。
Sleight of hand means the use of clever skill to gain something dishonestly – in this case, money.
「花招」的意思是不老實地用詭計來獲得某些東西——在這裡指的是錢。
As Shari said, the criminals get you to, metaphorically, look over there whilst they rifle your pockets.
就像莎莉說的，打個比方，罪犯讓你看向別處，與此同時他們在你口袋裡翻找。
Rifle means search something in order to steal from it – so to steal from your pocket – very dishonest!
「翻找」的意思是為了從偷東西而找尋——所以從你的口袋裡偷東西——非常不老實！
Now, like in this case, fraudsters – the people who commit fraud – gained financial information by phishing.
就像這個情況下，詐騙犯——犯詐騙罪的人——通過網絡釣魚獲得了財務信息。
That’s not fishing using a rod, line and hook, but by sending an email that looked like it came from your bank, asking for confidential information.
那不是用魚竿、魚線和魚鉤釣魚，而是發送一封看上去像是來自銀行的電子郵件，詢問保密信息。
But banks do warn us not to give away our financial details online and to change our passwords regularly.
但銀行確實警告我們，不要在網上洩露自己的財務信息，要定期更改密碼。
But sometimes criminals are very clever in what they do and it’s easy to be fooled.
但有時罪犯在他們所做的事情上非常狡猾，人們很容易被欺騙。
The You and Yours programme also heard about this from social engineer, Jenny Radcliffe.
You and Yours節目也聽到了社會工程師珍妮·雷德克裡夫對這件事的看法。
What does she call this type of fraud?
她把這種詐騙行為稱作什麼？
The more sophisticated frauds are ones that have been thought through very carefully.
更複雜的欺詐行為都是經過仔細考量的。
And this has been thought through.
這是經過透徹考慮的。
It’s a fraud that can be layered so you know we're getting some information from you.
這個詐騙可以分層展開，所以，你知道的，我們從你那裡獲得一些信息。
What you really look for is a window into someone - a key that unlocks just a small part of their identity or their personal data
你真正尋找的是一扇通往某人的窗戶——一把僅開啟關於他們身份或個人數據一小部分的鑰匙，
and from that a good fraud will build and build and build on it until the consequences to some people can be completely devastating.
一場完美的詐騙為將會在此基礎上不斷積累，直到對某些人造成完全毀滅性的後果。
So Jenny Radcliffe is talking about sophisticated fraud.
所以珍妮·雷德克裡夫說的是複雜的詐騙。
That means it’s clever and often complicated – so it can confuse us.
這意味著它很靈活，而且常常很複雜——所以它會讓我們感到困惑。
Yes, criminals need just a small piece of information about us – a key – that can eventually open up our identity and expose our personal data.
是的，罪犯只需要我們的一小部分信息——一把鑰匙——就能最終暴露我們的身份和個人數據。
And as Jenny says, for victims of fraud the consequences – the outcome – can be very bad.
而且正如珍妮所說，對於詐騙的受害者來說，後果可能非常糟糕。
Especially if somebody loses all their hard-earned savings – it can devastating.
特別是如果有人失去了他們所有的血汗錢，這將是毀滅性的。
Of course banks and security companies are working hard to beat the criminals but it still remains a problem.
當然銀行和安全公司正在努力打擊罪犯，但是這仍是問題。
And earlier I asked you, Rob, according to UK Finance, how much money did criminal steal through fraud and scams last year?
羅伯，早些時候我問你，據英國金融公司稱，罪犯去年通過欺詐和詐騙竊取了多少錢？
And I said b) £120m. That’s a lot of money.
我說是b) 1.2億英鎊。那是一大筆錢。
It is but it’s even more.
是一大筆錢，但它甚至更多。
In 2018, criminals successfully stole £1.2 billion through fraud and scams – and that’s just in the UK – globally it’s even more.
2018年，罪犯通過欺詐和詐騙成功竊取了12億英鎊，而那僅僅是發生在英國的，全球範圍內的數字甚至更大。
Well, it certainly is a serious issue but hopefully we haven’t deceived you with the vocabulary we』ve discussed today.
嗯，這確實是一個嚴重的問題，希望在我們今天討論的詞彙上沒有欺騙你。
Hopefully not!
希望沒有！
We』ve been talking about fraud.
我們一直在討論詐騙。
That’s the criminal activity of getting money by deceiving people – or tricking people by doing something dishonest.
那是通過欺騙別人來賺錢的犯罪行為，或者通過做一些不老實的事情來欺騙別人。
Next we had scam - which is an illegal or dishonest way of making money by tricking someone.
我們下一個單詞是「詐騙」，那是通過欺騙別人來賺錢的一種非法的，或者說不老實的方式。
The people who do it are scammers.
做這件事的人都是詐騙犯。
We talked about the phrasal verb fall for.
我們談到了動詞詞組「信以為真」。
When you fall for something you believe something that is a trick or a lie, to be true.
當你對某事信以為真時，你會認為一個騙局或謊言是真的。
Then we heard about sleight of hand, which means use of clever skill to gain something dishonestly.
然後我們聽說了「花招」，意思是用靈活的技巧不老實地獲得一些東西。
And rifle, which means search something in order to steal from it.
還有「翻找」，意思是為了偷東西而搜尋某物。
Phishing, spelt with a ph, means tricking someone by email or online to get their personal data by pretending to be from your bank.
拼寫裡有「ph」的「網絡釣魚」是指通過偽裝成來自銀行的電子郵件或網絡信息來騙取某人的個人信息。
Finally, we discussed sophisticated fraud.
最後，我們討論了複雜的欺詐。
When something is sophisticated, it’s clever and often complicated.
當一個東西很複雜的時候，它是靈活的，而且通常很複雜。
Unlike our programme, Sam!
不像我們節目，薩姆！
Let’s hope so but now, we』ve reached the end of the programme.
希望如此，但現在我們已經到了節目最後了。
See you again soon. Bye!
下次見。拜！
Bye.
拜！
英文、圖片來源：BBC Learning English
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