問：世衛組織突發事件委員會近期召開會議並宣布延長2019冠狀病毒病疫情構成「國際關注的突發公共衛生事件」（PHEIC）狀態，您如何看待這一決定及相關建議？
答：突發事件委員會由國際專家組成，負責在出現國際關注的突發公共衛生事件（PHEIC）時在以下方面向世衛組織總幹事提供技術建議：
一事件是否構成「國際關注的突發公共衛生事件」（PHEIC）；針對正受「國際關注的突發公共衛生事件」影響國家或其他國家的臨時建議，以預防或減少疾病的國際傳播，避免對國際貿易和旅行的不必要幹擾；何時結束「國際關注的突發公共衛生事件」狀態。了解更多關於《國際衛生條例(2005)》和突發事件委員會的信息，請前往以下網址。
https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/q-a-detail/what-are-the-international-health-regulations-and-emergency-committees
根據《國際衛生條例》的正常程序，突發事件委員會在針對某事件舉行會議後3個月內重新召開會議，對臨時建議進行審查。突發事件委員會的上次會議是在2020年1月30日舉行，由此於4月30日再次召開了會議，對2019冠狀病毒病大流行疫情的演變情況進行評價，並對建議的更新提出意見。
世界衛生組織（世衛組織）5月1日發表聲明，其突發事件委員會一致認為，目前的2019冠狀病毒病疫情仍構成「國際關注的突發公共衛生事件」。
閱讀5月1日聲明全文：https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/detail/01-05-2020-statement-on-the-third-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)
突發事件委員會在5月1日的聲明中提出了一系列建議。其中，突發事件委員會建議世衛組織與世界動物衛生組織和聯合國糧食及農業組織合作，幫助確定病毒的動物來源。此前，突發事件委員會還曾於1月23日和30日建議世衛組織和中國努力確認疫情的動物來源。
閱讀1月23日聲明全文：https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
閱讀1月30日聲明全文：https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
問：有世衛組織專家近日表示，現有的科學證據顯示2019冠狀病毒病是自然發生的。您是否認同這一觀點？
答：到目前為止的所有現有證據顯示，該病毒源於自然界中的動物，並非人為製造或合成。許多研究人員已經研究了該病毒的基因組特徵，發現證據不支持該病毒來源於實驗室製造的說法。了解更多有關病毒來源的信息，前往下方網址，查閱4月23日的《世衛組織每日情況報告》（英文）：
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200423-sitrep-94-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b8304bf0_4
在世衛組織-中國2019冠狀病毒病聯合考察期間，世衛組織與中國共同確定了一系列優先研究領域，以填補2019冠狀病毒病的知識空白，其中就包括探索2019冠狀病毒病的動物源頭。世衛組織獲知中國已開展或計劃開展多項探索疫情來源的研究，包括對2019年末武漢市及周邊地區出現症狀患者的研究、首先發現人感染病例地區的市場和養殖場的環境採樣，以及這些市場銷售的野生動物和養殖動物的來源及種類的詳細記錄等。
前往下方網址，閱讀《世衛組織-中國2019冠狀病毒病聯合考察報告》（英文）:
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19---final-report-1100hr-28feb2020-11mar-update.pdf?sfvrsn=1a13fda0_2
上述研究的結果對預防類似疫情暴發將至關重要，中國也具備開展上述研究的臨床、流行病學和實驗室的能力。
世衛組織目前未參與中國相關研究的工作，但有興趣也願意應中國政府的邀請，同國際合作夥伴一道參與有關動物源頭的研究。
問：您對世衛組織同中國下階段合作有何設想？
答：關於2019冠狀病毒病，中國的研發能力可為全球疫苗及治療方法的研發做出貢獻,並幫助將其研發成果提供給所有需要的人。中國同其他國家一道在為控制疫情而分享經驗、研發診斷試劑及設備方面所提供的支持，對幫助衛生資源匱乏的國家應對2019冠狀病毒病疫情至關重要。
中國已經過了抗擊疫情的第一個高峰期，現在的挑戰是復工復學後如何防止疫情反彈。在群體免疫力、有效治療手段或疫苗出現之前，該病毒仍對我們構成威脅。展望未來，通過在不同場所採取的日常感染預防措施來減少各人群的風險仍十分必要。現在我們仍不能放鬆警惕，掉以輕心。
回想起一月份我在武漢考察的經歷，我想藉此機會再次對全中國和全世界奮戰在一線的臨床醫務人員和公共衛生工作者表達我的敬意。
世衛組織將繼續與中國密切合作，不僅在應對2019冠狀病毒病疫情方面合作，而且還將繼續在免疫接種、減少高血壓和糖尿病等慢性疾病、消除瘧疾、控制結核病和肝炎等傳染病、提高全體人民的健康水平等其他衛生優先領域合作，並為所有人建立一個更健康的未來提供支持。
Q&A with Dr Galea on COVID-19
Q: In the latest meeting of the WHO Emergency Committee, the members of the committee decided to extend the PHEIC status of the COVID-19 pandemic. What is your take on this decision and its recommendations?
A: The Emergency Committee is made up of international experts who provide technical advice to the WHO Director-General in the context of a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The Committee provides views on:
whether the event constitutes a PHEIC;the Temporary Recommendations that should be taken by the country experiencing a PHEIC or by other countries to prevent or reduce the international spread of disease and avoid unnecessary interference with international trade and travel; andthe termination of a PHEIC.More on the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) and Emergency Committees:
https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-are-the-international-health-regulations-and-emergency-committees
As per normal procedures under the IHR, Emergency Committees reconvene within 3 months of a meeting to review temporary recommendations. The previous meeting of this committee was on 30 January 2020. The Emergency Committee reconvened on 30 April to evaluate the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to advise on updated recommendations.
The World Health Organization (WHO) announced on 1 May that its Emergency Committee unanimously agreed that the current outbreak remains a 「public health emergency of international concern.」
Read the statement on 1 May:https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/01-05-2020-statement-on-the-third-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)
In its 1 May statement the Emergency Committee made a series of recommendations. Among those, the Emergency Committee recommended that WHO work with the International Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to help identify the animal source of the virus. This follows earlier recommendations from the Emergency Committee to WHO and to China on 23 January and 30 January to pursue efforts to identify the animal source of the outbreak.
Read the statement on 23 Jan: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
Read the statement on 30 Jan: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
Q: Recently, WHO experts said the available scientific evidence suggests that the COVID-19 virus is naturally occurring. Would you share your view on this?
A: All available evidence to date suggests that the virus has a natural animal origin and is not a manipulated or constructed virus. Many researchers have been able to look at the genomic features of the virus and have found that evidence does not support that it is a laboratory construct. More on the virus origin can be found in the WHO Situation Report published on 23 April.
Read the situation report: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200423-sitrep-94-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b8304bf0_4
During the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 in February, WHO and China jointly identified a set of research priorities to address knowledge gaps, including the animal source of the COVID-19 virus. WHO was advised that a number of investigations to better understand the source of the outbreak in China were underway or planned, including investigations of human cases with symptom onset in and around Wuhan in late 2019, environmental sampling from markets and farms in areas where the first human cases were identified, and detailed records on the source and type of wildlife species and farmed animals sold in these markets.
Read the Joint Mission report: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19---final-report-1100hr-28feb2020-11mar-update.pdf?sfvrsn=1a13fda0_2
Results from these studies will be crucial to helping prevent similar outbreaks in the future, and China has the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory capacity to conduct such studies.
WHO is not currently involved in the research in China but would be interested and willing to work with international partners to participate in investigations around the animal origins at the invitation of the Chinese Government.
Q: What is your vision for the next phase of cooperation between WHO and China?
A: Regarding COVID-19, China’s research and development capacity can contribute to global efforts to develop a vaccine and treatments, and to help make them accessible to all who need them. The support China is providing along with other countries to share expertise and contribute to the development of diagnostics and equipment for epidemic control is critical to assist countries with less resourced health systems respond to COVID-19.
China has passed the first peak in its fight against COVID-19 epidemic. The challenge now is to prevent further peaks as normal routines resume. Until there is either population-wide immunity, effective treatment, or a proven vaccine, the virus remains a risk to people. Moving forward, reducing risk across the population through everyday infection prevention in all settings is essential. Now is not the time to let down our guard.
I think of my own visit to Wuhan in January and want to again pay tribute to the frontline health workers across China and indeed around the world, both in the clinical and public health fields.
WHO will continue its close cooperation with China – not only the COVID-19 response but also on other essential health priorities such as immunization, reduction in chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes, eradicating malaria, controlling infectious diseases like tuberculosis and hepatitis, and helping to build a healthier future for all people.
更多關於2019冠狀病毒病有關資訊