De jure/de facto
【中文】名義上 實際上
【定義】De facto concerns fact. While de jure concerns law.
【例句】-While the Queen is the de jure head of state. The real power lies with the Prime Minister who is the de facto head of state.
-The government has de jure control over the oil, but the individual tribes and clans have de facto control on the distribution of oil.
-Although my dad is the legal head of the household, when the front door shuts my mom is the de facto head of the house.
-法律上或名義上我爸是一家之長,但實際上只有我媽媽說話算數.My father is the de jure head of the family, but my mom is the de facto head of the family.
-你去找真正的老闆吧,我只是名義上的負責人. You need to go and find the de facto boss, I am only the de jure one.
-中國的許多家庭, 孩子說了算! In many Chinese families, children are the de facto master of the family.
Ad hoc
【中文】臨時 權宜之計
【定義】Improvised. It can also refer to a temporary organization for a particular purpose.
【例句】-The refugees from the neighboring country forced the government to form an ad hoc committee to deal with them.
-The use of corn to feed people in the movie Interstellar was an ad hoc solution to the lack of rice and bread.
-Using the bike to carry groceries was an ad hoc solution for the families whose car was broken.
-戰爭爆發,政府解散,人們不得不成立臨時政府.The war erupted in the country and the government was dismissed and people had to form an ad hoc government.
-春節期間保姆阿姨都回老家過年,她臨時請保潔公司過來打掃衛生. Maids and Ayis all went home during the Spring Festival, as an ad hoc solution, she sought herself a cleaning company.
-這是緊急情況,這只是權宜之計! This is an emergency and it is only an ad hoc solution.