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今天為大家帶來一則政治新聞。
President-elect Joe Biden will name retired four-star Army general Lloyd J. Austin to be his secretary of defense.
候任總統喬·拜登將任命退役四星將軍勞埃德·奧斯汀擔任國防部長。
The choice – while not yet announced publicly – was confirmed to The Associated Press by four people aware of Biden's decision.
這次推選雖尚未對外公開，但美聯社已通過4位知情人士確認了該消息的真實性。
Biden offered the position to Austin on Sunday and he accepted, said one of the people aware of the process.
一位對過程了解的知情人士表示，拜登周日任命奧斯汀為國防部長，奧斯汀接受了這次任命。
If confirmed by the Senate, Austin would be the first Black leader of the Pentagon.
此次任命一旦經參議院確認，奧斯汀就會成為美國首位黑人國防部部長。
As a career military officer, the 67-year-old Austin may face opposition.
作為一位職業軍官，67歲的奧斯汀可能會遭遇反對。
The secretary of defense is a political job.
國防部長是政治領域的職務。
Some congressmen and others believe in clearly separating civilian and military leadership of the Pentagon.
國會議員和其他一些人認為要把國防部的軍事和民事的領導人明顯劃分開來。
Although many former defense secretaries have served briefly in the military,
雖然前幾任國防部長都有曾在軍隊短暫任職，
only two — George C. Marshall and James Mattis — have been career military officers.
但只有2位是職業軍官，即喬治·馬歇爾和詹姆斯·馬蒂斯。
Marshall was the organizer of the post-war European Recovery Program, also called the Marshall Plan.
馬歇爾是戰後歐洲復興計劃的組織者，該計劃又稱馬歇爾計劃。
Congress created the position of secretary of defense in 1947 as a way to make sure the agency is kept under civilian control.
國會於1947年創立了國防部長一職，旨在確保國防部能為民所控。
It set a legal rule requiring that a former member of the military must be retired for seven years or more before being permitted to serve.
國會設定了一個法則，要求前軍隊人員必須要退役至少7年才能擔任國防部長。
Austin retired from the Army in 2016.
奧斯汀2016年從軍隊退役，
So he will need to receive a special congressional waiver in order to become secretary of defense.
所以如果他要擔任國防部長的話就需要國會的特殊豁免。
President Donald Trump's first Pentagon chief, James Mattis, also had to receive the waiver.
川普總統的第一任國防部部長詹姆斯·馬蒂斯當時也必須獲得豁免才能出任。
Mattis' time at the Pentagon is considered by some to show why a retired military officer should wait seven years before becoming secretary of defense.
一些人認為，馬蒂斯在國防部任職期間的表現證明了退役的軍官為何應該等至少7年才能擔任國防部長。
Mattis mostly looked for information and advice from other military officers and not from civilians.
馬蒂斯基本都是從其他軍官那裡獲取信息和建議，而不是從老百姓身上獲取信息和建議。
He resigned in December 2018 to protest some of Trump's policies.
馬蒂斯於2018年12月離任，以抗議川普的一些政策。
Biden selected Austin over another leading candidate for the position, Michele Flournoy.
拜登在奧斯汀和另一位熱門候選人米歇爾·弗盧努瓦之間選擇了前者。
Flournoy, a former senior Pentagon official, would have been the first woman to serve as secretary of defense.
弗盧努瓦曾是前國防部高級官員，如果弗盧努瓦就任一職，她將成為國防部的首位女性部長。
Biden also considered Jeh Johnson, a former Pentagon lawyer and former secretary of homeland security.
拜登也有考慮過傑伊·詹森，此人是國防部前律師、國土安全部前部長。
Austin is widely recognized for his military service, which includes leading troops in Iraq and Afghanistan.
奧斯汀最為人所知的是他在軍隊的經歷，包括但不限於他在伊拉克和阿富汗領導過軍隊。
He was commander in Baghdad of the Multinational Corps-Iraq in 2008 when Barack Obama was elected president.
2008年，他擔任駐巴格達的伊拉克多國軍，時任總統是歐巴馬。
He returned to lead U.S. troops from 2010 through 2011.
2010-2011年期間，他回國領導美國軍隊。
At the time, Biden was vice president.
那時候，拜登是副總統。
In 2009-2010, Austin ran the joint staff during part of Navy Admiral Mike Mullen's term as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
2009-2010年，奧斯汀就職於聯合參謀部，跟海軍上將麥可·馬倫的任期在時間上有部分重合。
Lloyd will make a superb secretary of defense, Mullen said in a statement.
馬倫曾在一份聲明中寫道，勞埃德·奧斯汀是一位出色的國防部部長。
In 2012, Austin served as the first Black vice chief of staff of the Army.
2012年，奧斯汀成為美軍首位黑人副參謀。
The next year, he took command of U.S. Central Command.
第二年，奧斯汀開始掌控美國中央司令部。
There, he created and began carrying out U.S. military plans for defeating Islamic State militants in Iraq and Syria.
期間，他制定並執行了多份美國軍事計劃，旨在打擊伊拉克和敘利亞的IS激進分子。
Meanwhile, at an event Tuesday to introduce his new health team,
同時，在周二介紹新衛生部班子的一次活動上，
Biden said the United States was about to enter a "dark winter" as it attempts to battle the coronavirus pandemic.
拜登表示，美國即將進入「黑暗的冬天」，因為要與新冠作鬥爭。
Biden discussed the three goals of his first hundred days in office:
拜登談及自己上任後前100天的3個目標：
increase the use of masks around the country, vaccinate up to 100 million Americans, and reopen the country's schools.
提高全國民眾對口罩的使用、為1億名美國人接種疫苗、讓學生們復學。
Biden's new health team will include Dr. Anthony Fauci, who will be Biden's chief medical advisor on the coronavirus.
拜登的新衛生部班子中會有安東尼·福奇，此人是拜登關於新冠的首席醫療顧問。
Fauci is now the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
福奇是美國過敏和傳染病國家研究所的負責人。
Working along with Fauci, Biden asked Jeff Zients, an economic adviser, to become coronavirus "czar."
除了福奇之外，拜登還請經濟學顧問傑夫·贊茨擔任白宮新冠疫情協調員。
He will run pandemic operations for the government, including the distribution of millions of doses of vaccines.
他會幫政府做與疫情有關的運營，包括數百萬疫苗的下發。
California Attorney General Xavier Becerra was chosen as the secretary for health and human services.
加州總檢察長澤維爾·貝塞拉被拜登選為衛生與公眾服務部部長。
Dr. Rochelle Walensky, chief of infectious diseases at Massachusetts General Hospital,
麻薩諸塞州總醫院傳染病科負責人羅謝爾·瓦倫斯基
will be asked to run the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
被拜登選為美國疾病控制和預防中心的負責人。
Dr. Vivek Murthy will return to the office of the Surgeon General, which he filled during the Obama administration.
維維克·穆西將再次擔任衛生部部長，歐巴馬任期期間，他就曾擔任過衛生部部長。
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