表示「能力」時,can和be able to屬同義詞,可以通用。如:
She can speak two foreign languages.
She is able to speak two foreign languages.
但從語法上嚴格來說,can屬於情態助動詞,它只有現在和過去兩種時態形式;
而be able to屬於半助動詞,它有較多的時態形式,表達將來的「能力」時,一般用be able to。如:
One day people will be able to travel to the moon.
總有一天,人們會到月球去旅行的。
下面一起來看詳細的區別:
1. can只有兩種時態, 即can 和could, 而be able to 有多種時態, 如was/were able to, will/shall be able to, have/has been able to等:
I'll be able to drive the car in a week.
我一周後就能開車了。
2.表示過去通過努力終於做成了某事要用be able to,而不能用can。如:
I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over.
3.can能表猜測,be able to不能。can的這種用法主要用於疑問句和否定句。
Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be?
有人在敲門,是誰呢?
It can't be our teacher who is knocking at the door.
不可能是我們的老師在敲門。
4.can 可以表 「允許」, 與may可以互換, 此時不能用be able to 代替。
如: Can / May I sit here?我可以坐這嗎?
Yes, please.可以。
5. can 是情態動詞,只能用作謂語成分,be able to是普通動詞短語,既可以作謂語,也可以作非謂語。
如:
How I long to be able to communicate with the foreigners in fluent English!
我多麼渴望能用流利的英語和外國人交流!
6. be able to 後邊接動詞不定式表示一種實際情況時,其否定形式不是be not able to,而是cannot。
如:
Were you able to catch the first bus yesterday morning?
昨天早上你趕上第一班公共汽車了嗎?
7. 一般說來, be able to 後邊的動詞不定式沒有被動語態。
如:
I'm sure he is able to correct his mistakes in grammar.
我相信他能糾正語法錯誤。
另外,只用be able to的情況:
a. 位於助動詞後;
b. 情態動詞後;
c. 表示過去某時刻動作時;
d. 用於句首表示條件。
could有時不表示時態
1) 提出委婉的請求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。例如:
— Could I have the television on? 我能看電視嗎?
— Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2) 在否定句、疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。例如:
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是壞人。