| 英語熱點5詞性的分辨 |
| 2005年03月10日17:24:17 天星教育網 |
| 重點詮釋 詞性分辨涉及的內容也非常廣，如名詞或動詞中同義詞、近義詞的辨析，介詞的辨析，形容詞或副詞的辨析等。 易錯點回顧： 1. very, too very"非常"，說明一個籠統程度，不是針對某一對象而言；too"太"，說明程度超出某一具體的對象。 ［誤］ The book is very difficult for me. ［正］ The book is too difficult for me. ［析］too...for...搭配在一起用，表示"相對於……來說太……"。 2. both, either, all; neither, none both表示兩者之間的全部肯定；either表示兩者中必具其一的選擇，all表示三者或三者以上的全部肯定；neither用於兩者之間的全部否定；none表示三者或三者以上的全部否定。 ［誤］ If you keep still, you can sit at both end of the boat. ［正］ If you keep still, you can sit at either end of the boat. ［析］只能用表示在兩者中選擇的either。 3. most, mostly, almost most當副詞用，意為"最……"，當代詞用，意為"絕大多數"；mostly當副詞用，意為 "幾乎全部"；almost當副詞用，意為"幾乎"。 ［誤］ The members of the group are most young people. ［正］ The members of the group are mostly young people. ［析］mostly當副詞用意為"幾乎全部"，most用作副詞，意思是"最……"。 ［誤］ He mostly fell down. ［正］ He almost fell down. ［析］almost表示"幾乎"。 4. beat, strike, hit beat通常指反覆地、連續地"打"或"敲"；hit指重重地一擊，側重"打中、擊中"；strike意為"打、敲、擊"，用法很多，通常表示打一下或若干下的意思，也可以表示用拳頭或物體急速、用力地"打擊"或"敲打"。beat還可表示"心跳"，strike還可表示"迷住、打動"。 ［誤］ He was beaten on the nose. ［正］ He was hit on the nose. ［析］hit指一次重重的"擊打"。 5. calm, quiet, still, silent； calm平靜的/沉著鎮靜的，指無風浪或人的心情平靜；quiet寧靜的，指周圍環境很靜，沒有聲音，不吵鬧或心裡沒有煩惱、焦慮；still靜止的，不動的， 指無動作的狀態；silent沉默的，指不說話。 ［誤］ Tell the children to keep still, it’s not necessary to be anxious. ［正］ Tell the children to keep calm，it’s not necessary to be anxious. ［析］從後面的"焦慮"看，此處應表示"保持鎮靜"。 6. care, mind care關心，在乎；mind介意，小心。 ［誤］ I don’t mind what others will say. ［正］ I don’t care what others will say. ［析］mind是"介意"，care是"關心、在乎"。 7. carry, take, bring, fetch carry攜帶；take從此處帶走；bring從別處帶來；fetch去拿來。 ［誤］ Please remember to take your dictionary here tomorrow. ［正］ Please remember to bring your dictionary here tomorrow. ［析］表示"帶來"應用bring。 8. cause, reason cause起因，指造成一種事實或現實的直接原因，後面搭配介詞of；reason指推理上的原因或理由，即說明一種看法或行為的"理由"，後面搭配介詞for。 ［誤］ They still haven’t found out the reason of the fire. ［正］ They still haven’t found out the cause of the fire. ［析］此處指火災的直接"起因"，而且後面的介詞是of。 9. test, check, examine test"檢測、檢驗"，側重看質量、水平等是否過關；check"核查、核對"，側重看前後數量等是否一致；examine"檢查"，側重看事物或人是否存在問題或故障。 ［誤］They tested the tyre of the car and found it was flat. ［正］ They examined the tyre of the car and found it was flat. ［析］"檢查……毛病"應用examine。 10. especially, specially especially"尤其"，突出強調其後面內容的重要性或特殊性；specially"特別地"，用於強調特殊場合下的"特殊"情況。 ［誤］ I like the country, specially in spring. ［正］ I like the country, especially in spring. ［析］此處是突出強調後面的內容。 典例調研 ［例1］ We had a pleased trip, but we were all a little tired. pleased→pleasant。形容詞應用錯誤。pleased"感到高興的"，用於說明人的情感；pleasant"令人高興的"，用於說明事物的特徵。 ［例2］He was hoped to be back in two weeks』 time. hoped→supposed/expected。動詞應用錯誤。 hope不能用於hope sb. to do sth.結構。 ［例3］Have you found who broke the window? found後加out。副詞缺少錯誤。find指"找到"具體的物體；find out指"搞清楚、弄明白"事情的真相。 ［例4］He was so angry that he stared at me. stared→glared。動詞應用錯誤。stare意為"凝視"；glare意為"怒視"。 ［例5］I can’t suppose his raising objections at the meeting. suppose→imagine。動詞搭配錯誤。imagine 後搭配名詞或動名詞，suppose後搭配不定式作補語。 ［例6］It’s necessary to keep health by doing more exercises. health→healthy。詞性應用錯誤。keep後應用形容詞作表語。 【指導·借鑑】 詞性分辨錯誤包含的內容廣泛，涉及到語言知識的方方面面，大家應注意在平時的複習中積累經驗。 強化闖關 1. We all thought high of him who reduced the high price. 2. We find his English greatly increased. 3. Care your own business! 4. Do you think he is possible to give us some help? 5. We found him sitting lonely in a corner. 6. We know she is quite special about clothes. 7. Did you notice which direction the car had gone? 8. I own great thanks to your help. 9. We were divided from each other when we went into the crowd. 10. I don’t know how long the work will be finished. 答案及解析： 1. high→highly。 副詞搭配錯誤。high用作副詞，表示具體概念上的"高地"，highly用作副詞，表示抽象意義上的"高度地"。 2. increased→improved。 動詞搭配錯誤。increase表示數量的"增加"，improve表示質量、水平的"提高"。 3. Care→Mind。 動詞搭配錯誤。care意為"在意"，mind意為"當心"，此處為固定搭配。 4. possible→likely。形容詞搭配錯誤。possible"可能的"，前面一般用it作主語；likely"可能的"，表示判斷，前面作主語的可以是人也可以是物。 5. lonely→alone。詞類使用錯誤。lonely意為"孤獨的、荒涼的"，alone意為"單獨地"。 6. special→particular。形容詞搭配錯誤。be particular about...為固定搭配，意為"對……挑剔"。 7. direction→way。名詞搭配錯誤。direction當"方向"講時，前應用介詞in，way當"方向"講時，前面不需要加介詞。 8. own→owe。動詞搭配錯誤。當表示"歸功於"或"欠"之意時，應用動詞owe。 9. divided→separated。動詞搭配錯誤。divide意為"把……分為幾部分"，後面搭配介詞into；separate意為"分離、隔離"，後面搭配介詞from。 10. long→soon。副詞應用錯誤。long表示動作持續的時間，soon表示動作結束的時間。 |