2017年6月大學英語四級語法:虛擬語氣

　　虛擬語氣在考試中比較常見。尤其是在聽力中經常出現。它主要是表達一種「假設」或者「推測」，而不是客觀顯示中的真實事件。因為主要通過動詞的變化來反應不同的情況，所以如果不熟悉虛擬語氣的基本表示方法，會直接影響聽力。同時翻譯中也經常使用。如果想得高分，要學好這個語法點，爭取在翻譯部分多拿點分：

　　基本規則：

條件從句	主句
與現在事實相反	動詞過去式	should/would+動詞原形
與過去事實相反	had+過去分詞	should/ would +have+過去分詞
與將來事實可能相反	動詞過去式/were to/should	should/ would +動詞原形

　　與現在事實相反：

　　If I were you , I would apply for the job.

　　與過去事實相反：

　　If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such mistake.

　　與將來事實相反：

　　If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home.

　　真題翻譯示例：

　　例1：

　　They requested that _______(我借的書還回圖書館)by next Friday.

　　1. 動詞request引導的從句應用虛擬語氣

　　2. 虛擬語氣的表達方式：should+動詞原形，此題則為：should return

　　3. 按句意順序譯，得出答案：I should return the book to library

　　例2：

　　The victim ________(本來有機會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time.

　　1. 一看句意有「本來」，十之八九為虛擬語氣

　　2. 二看時態推後了，本該過去時，卻用過去完成時，因此一定考虛擬

　　3.按句意譯為：would have a chance to survive

　　哪些動詞及其與他們相關的名詞，從句需虛擬語氣?

　　一想要(desire)二寧願(prefer)三命令(order. command)

　　四建議(advice. suggest. propose)

　　五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist)，另加一個wish

　　實戰練習：

　　1. It is strange that he _________ so.

　　A. would say　　　　　 B. would speak

　　C. should say　　　　　 D. will speak

　　2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _________ there.

　　A. not went　　　　　 B. won’t go

　　C. not go　　　　　　 D. not to go

　　3. I wish that I _________ with you last night.

　　A. went　　　　 　 B. could go

　　C. have gone　　　 D. could have gone

　　4. If you had told me in advance, I _________ him at the airport.

　　A. would meet　　　　　　 B. would had met

　　C. would have met　　　　 D. would have meet

　　5. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _________ me how.

　　A. teaches 　　　　　　　　 B. will teach

　　C. has taught　　　　　　　 D. would teach

　　6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _________ the book from which it was made.

　　A. have read　　　　　　　　 B. had read

　　C. should have read　　　　 D. are reading

　　7. You are late. If you _________ a few minutes earlier, you _________ him.

　　A. come; would meet　　　　　 B. had come; would have met

　　C. come; will meet 　　　　　 D. had come; would meet

　　8. If she could sew, _________.

　　A. she make a dress 　　 　　　 B. she would have made a shirt

　　C. she will make a shirt　　　 D. she would had made a coat

　　9. If I _________ you, I _________ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

　　A. was; shall pay　　　　 　　　　B. am; will pay

　　C. would be; would pay　　　　　D. were; would pay

　　10. Had I known her name, _________

　　A. or does she know mine?　　　 B. and where does she live?

　　C. she would be beautiful.　　　　D. I would have invited her to lunch.

　　答案及解析：

　　1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7.B 8. B 9.D 10. D

　　1. It is strange that是主語從句的虛擬語氣，從句用sb. should do的形式。

　　2. suggest後面的從句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

　　3. 虛擬語氣。wish從句後接虛擬語氣。could have done表示「本來可以」。

　　4. in advance表示「事先」， would have done表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。

　　5. wish的賓語從句表示發生在將來的願望用過去將來時。

　　6. wish後面用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反用過去完成時。

　　7. 條件句表示與過去事實相反，主句用過去將來完成時，從句用過去完成時。

　　8. would have done是過去將來完成時，表示與過去相反的虛擬語氣。

　　9. 在虛擬語氣中，不管什麼人稱，be動詞都要用were的形式。

　　10. had I known是與過去相反的虛擬語氣的倒裝形式，因此主句要用would have done。