上一期介紹了英語語法:過去完成進行時的用法,這一期學習英語語法:時態呼應(1)
有些從句,特別是賓語從句的謂語時態經常受到主句謂語時態的限制,這種限制叫作時態呼應,或者叫作時態一致。
例如:
1.當主句是過去時態時,從句一般都必須用過去時態,不能用現在時態:
Yesterday he said that
he had used it.
昨天他說
他已經用過它。
he used it.
他使用它。
he was using it.
他正在用它。
he would use it.
他將用它。
一般不能說:
Yesterday he said that
he has used it.
he uses it.
he is using it.
he will use it.
(因為主句謂語的時間和從句謂語的時間是斷開的,這樣不合邏輯。)
但是有時候,尤其在口語中,儘管主句是過去時態,如果賓語從句謂語表達的是現在仍然存在的客觀真理,或者賓語從句謂語表示的時間,包括現在在內時,則可以用現在時態或者將來時態。例如:
表示真理時:
The professor said the earth is round.
教授說地球是圓的。
(當然,也可以說:The professor said the earth was round.)
時間包括現在:
This morning Tom told me he isa doctor.
今天早上湯姆告訴我他是醫生。
(現在他仍然是醫生。)
2.主句謂語的時間與從句謂語時間存在三種關係,從句必須表明與主句時間的相同或者前後關係
l 主句謂語時間與從句謂語時間相同
She said she knew the man.
她說她(當時)認識那個人。
He asked if she could open the window.
他問他(當時)是否可以打開窗戶。
Tom said that he had droppe dout.
過去 過去的過去
湯姆說他已經退出了。
She knew that the party had ended.
她知道晚會已經結束了。
但表示絕對過去時間(不可能弄錯的時間關係),從句可以用過去一般時代替過去完成時,顯得自然些。
Jane told me that she was born in 1990.
珍妮說她出生於1990年。
John said he was a kid when his father died.
約翰說他父親去世時他還是一個小孩子。
They said they would build two more footbridges the next year.
他們說明年他們將再建兩座人行天橋。
感謝閱讀!
歡迎轉發啊~~~發動大家來做作業,學英語~
英語作業20170807參考答案:
6.have→has.
7.hour→hours.
8.hearing→listening to.
9.have been knowing→have known.
10.have→has.
英語作業20170808
一、改錯(正確的不用改,注意時態呼應)
1.She didn’t know that he has cheated her.
2.They predicted that no one will drop out.
3.Some of them wondered if she has told their secret.
4.Tom asks whether he can take two days off.
5.What she said is what they were glad to hear.
二、分析句子的英語語法結構,並翻譯成中文:
Wang met his North Korean counterpart, Ri Yong Ho, on Sunday who reportedly smiled continuously as he shook the Chinese official’s hand.According to Reuters, journalists were not given access to a meeting between the two men. On Saturday Nikki Haley, the US ambassador to the United Nations,said 「further action is required」 against North Korea.(英語外刊The Guardian)
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