afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到),appear(顯得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (試圖),care(想要),choose(決定),claim(聲稱),condescend(屈尊),consent(準許),decide(決定),demand(要求),determine(決心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(幫助),hesitate(猶豫),hope(希望),learn(學會),manage(設法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主動提出),plan(計劃),prepare(準備),pretend(假裝),proceed(接著做),promise(答應),prove(證明),refuse(拒絕),resolve(解決),seem(覺得好像),swear(發誓),tend(往往會),threaten(預示),undertake(承諾),volunteer(自願做),vow(發誓),want(想要),wish(希望)
舉例:
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,
show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell
舉例:
Please show us how to do that.
請演示給我們如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
有這麼多的錄音機,我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時,謂語動詞用單數。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。
當複合賓語中的賓語是不定式時,先用形式賓語it代替不定式,把不定式置於補語之後,即:主語+動詞+it+補語+to do句式。如:
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
我們認為很好地學習外語對我們來說非常重要。
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
他覺得幫助窮人是他的責任。
I find it difficult to learn English well.
我發現很難學好英語。
常見動詞:
advise,allow,believe,cause,challenge,compel,declare,encourage,forbid,force, find,hire,induce,instruct,invite,like,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,select,send,suppose,tell,train,urge
例句:
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
常見動詞:
acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare,discover,fancy,feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see,show,suppose,take,understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認為湯姆是班上最好的學生之一。
常見動詞:
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認為這本書沒什麼意思。
常見動詞:
believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.
我們沒料到會有那麼多人在哪裡。
有些動詞需用as 短語做補語,如regard,think believe,take,consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher.
我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father .
瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。
禿頭不定式, 即不帶「to」的不定式,其語法功能一般在句子中作賓語的補語(賓語補足語)。
口訣:「五看、三使役「,「兩聽、一感」要記住,若是「賓補」變「主補」,主補「to」字不能無。動詞let屬例外,其賓補/主補「to」均無
說明:
五看see/watch/notice/observe/look at;
三使役have/make/let;
兩聽hear/listen to;
一感feel。
例句:
I often see him go to school on foot.
(禿頭不定式作賓語補足語)
He is often seen to go to school on foot.
(不定式作主語補足語,要帶「to」)
Let him try again.---- He is let try again.
(let的主補與賓補均用禿頭不定式)
Find 特殊用法Find 後可用分詞做賓補,或先加形式賓語,再加形容詞,最後加帶to 的動詞不定式。find後也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有get,have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
不定式作表語表示具體動作或將來動作;動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
當主語和表語都是不定式時,其含義一是條件,一是結果(例①)。當主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組(例②)時,或以what引導的名詞性分句(例③),不定 式說明主語的內容。
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.
④⑤句動名詞作表語,與主語部分可以轉換,如Serving thepeople is our work,而⑥句中是現在分詞作表語,說明主語的性質、狀態,現在分詞具有形容詞的各種特徵,另外,動名詞作表語還應與進行時態區別開來。
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
作結果狀語,表事先沒有預料到的,要放在句子後面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
I'm glad to see you.
典型例題
The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案:B. 如果不定式為不及物動詞,其後應有必要的介詞。
當動詞與介詞連用時,常位於「形容詞+動詞不定式」結構的末尾。
不定式在句中作定語,置於被修飾的名詞或代詞之後。如:①The next train to arrive is from Washington.②Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?③Do you have anything to say on the question?④Would you please give me some paper to write on?⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.(2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關係,如是不及物動詞,則需加介詞(例④)。(3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關係,同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關係時,儘管有被動含義,卻仍用主動語態(例③);如只有動賓關係,而無邏輯上的主謂關係,則需用被動語態(例②)。(4)不定式作定語時,一般可轉換為定語從句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。stop to do(停現在做的去做另一件事)
stop doing(停止正在做某事)
forget to do(忘記去做某事)
forget doing(忘記做了某事)
remember to do(記得要去做某事)
remember doing(記得做過某事)
regret to do(遺憾做某事)
regret doing(遺憾做了某事)
cease to do(長時間停止做某事)
cease doing(短時間停止做某事)
try to do(努力做某事)
try doing(試著做某事)
go on to do(繼續去做某事)
go on doing(繼續做某事)
afraid to do(擔心做某事)
afraid doing(擔心正在做的事)
interested to do(對做某事感興趣)
interested doing(對正在做的感興趣)
mean to do(打算做某事)
mean doing(做某事很有意義)
begin/ start to do(開始去做某事)
begin/ start doing(開始做某事)