suffer / suffer from / suffer with鑑別

2021-02-19 立文悉通

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在與疾病相關的表達中,suffer是很常見的一個詞,有時單用,有時後面也會跟一些介詞,最常見的就是suffer from,suffer with也可見到,那麼它們之間有什麼區別呢?


suffer vs suffer from 


suffer一般用於突發性疾病或損傷。

比如:heart attack,常表達為suffer a heart attack,而不是suffer from a heart attack。

spinal cord injuries也是如此。

根據Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary (Kate Woodford ed., 2007),suffer an illness就是「experience an injury or other sudden health problems」。

除了突發性疾病或損傷,大部分疾病都和suffer from搭配,比如:cancer、asthma、mental disorder、chronic disease。

牛津高階英語詞典在第四版裡指出suffer from 其實帶有often have的意思。

Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English中對suffer from這樣解釋:「be regularly afflicted by; have as a weakness」。

另外,LDOCE5的Managing Editor(Chris Fox)也說suffer from的意思是sth bad keeps happening to you。

我們在Longman (2009) 可以看到這樣的例句:

suffer a heart attack (心臟病發作) , but suffer from heart conditions (長期患有心臟疾病).

suffer an asthma attack (哮喘發作), but suffer from asthma (長期患有哮喘).

因此,為了更好的理解suffer和suffer from的區別,我們可以這樣理解:

參考:https://english-compass.blogspot.com/2010/12/suffer-vs-suffer-from.html


 suffer from vs suffer with

除了suffer from,我們還可以看到suffer with與疾病搭配。

不過,suffer with與suffer from有所不同:

suffer from是固定搭配,而suffer與with並非固定聯用,只是因為表達的需要常常放在一起。

suffer from相當於have, 表示常規性的患有某病,雖然也可能長期受其困擾,但並不強調此時此刻遭受痛苦(suffer)。

比如:I suffer from myopia,僅僅是說「患有近視」,但此刻並不一定因此遭受痛苦(suffer)。

suffer with,或 suffer (with something),強調因為某種病症(with something)而遭受痛苦(suffer)

比如:This patient is suffering with the symptoms,也可以理解成With/for/due to the symptoms, this patient is suffering.

總結

suffer from可用於大部分疾病,強調持續性的患有某種疾病。

suffer一般用於突發性疾病或損傷,強調發生的那一刻。

suffer with並非固定搭配,suffer (with something) 強調因為某種病症而遭受痛苦。

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