三、情態動詞的常見用法:
1.can和could的用法
(1)can/could 表示「能力;許可;可能性」等。could 為 can 的過去式。如:Can I use your book?我可以用你的書嗎?
(2)can 用在疑問句中,表示徵求意見、請求許可,答語仍用 can; could 用在疑問句中,比can 更委婉、客氣,是一種禮貌的說法,並不表示過去時態,答語用can,而不能用could。
Eg: -Could you tell me the way to the park?你能告訴我去公園的路嗎?
-Sorry. I can't. I'm new here。不好意思,我不知道。我是新來的。
[注意]
①can 和could 只能用於現在時和過去時兩種時態。
②另外, can't 可表示否定推測。
2.may和might的用法
may/might 意為「可以」,表示同意、許可或請求對方許可,也可表示祝願。
might 是may 的過去式,有兩種用法:一種表示過去式;一種表示虛擬語氣,使語氣更加委婉、客氣,或表示可能性更小。
以may開頭的一般疑問句,其否定回答用mustn't。
Eg: MayI use your book? 我可以用你用的書嗎?
He might be alive. 他可能還活著。
【注意】
can和may都可以用來表示請求或允許,但may比can更正式,更客氣。
3.must和should
(1)must意為「必須,應當」,含有一種命令的語氣,比較生硬,不容商量。否定形式mustn't, 表示「不得」,「一定不要」。如:
Eg:You mustn't drive after drinking。你絕不能酒後駕車。
①must 與 have to 的區別: must 表示說話人的主觀意願;have to 表示客觀需要。
②回答由must 引導的疑問句:
肯定回答:Yes, …must. 如:
-Must I go home now?
-Yes, you must.
否定回答:No,…needn't./No,…don't/doesn't have to.
Eg:-Must I go home now?
-No, you needn't. 。
③must 表示對事物的推測,意為「想必;一定」,只用於肯定句中;表「推測」時,情態動詞與動詞原形,(常為be動詞)連用,
如:The man must be your teacher。那個人一定是你的老師。
(2)should意為「應當,應該」,表示建議或勸告,語氣比較委婉,客氣。否定形式為shouldn’t。
Eg: You should get up early.
You shouldn't eat too much sugar.
4.will和would
1)用於疑問句,表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問,用would比will更委婉,更客氣。
如:Will you please open the window?
Would you like some coffee?
2) would表示建議「你願意…嗎」
-Would you like to go shopping with me?
-Yes, I』d love to. /I』d love to. But I’m busy now.
[注意區別]
①I』d like+n. … 我想要…(接名詞)
如:I』d like some water.
②I』d like to + v. … 我想要做…(接動詞原形)
如:I』d like to go with Tom.
5、shall用於第一人稱 (I, we), 可以表示「將」和表示建議 「……好嗎?」
eg: ①Where shall we have dinner?
②-Shall we go fishing? -
- All right. \OK. \Good idea.
Ⅰ.選擇
1. It rained heavily,so we ___ stay at home watching TV or surfing the Internet all day.
A. could B. had to C. must
2. — May I take the magazine out of the reading room?
— No,you can’t. You _________ read it here. It’s the rule.
A. must B. would C. may D. might
3. -Dad,may I watch TV?
-No,you can’t. You _______ finish your homework first.
A. must B. can C. may
4.一Bob,shall we go and meet our new classmate?
一Sorry.I『m busy now.But you____ ask David to go with you.He is free.
A.need B.may C.would D.must
5. —Must I be home before eight o『clock, Mum?
— No, you_____. But you have to come back before ten o『clock.
A. needn『t B. can『t C. mustn『t
6. —_________ I borrow your book?
—Sure. Here you are.
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Will
7、—Shall we work on the farm ?
—_________ .
A. Yes,we do. B. Yes, we shall. C.All right.
Ⅱ. 用情態動詞can,can't,may,must,needn't,mustn't,should填空。
1、 Must I return the books tomorrow?
No, you ________ .
2、You ________ write more careful next time.
3、There will be no school tomorrow. You _______ come to school.
4、 ________I come in?
Yes , please.
5、I am afraid that they ________ not like the idea.
6、 ________ you answer the question in English?
No, I ________ .
7、Time is important. We ________ waste our time.
8、We ________ help each other in time of trouble.
參考答案:
Ⅰ.選擇:BAAB ABC
Ⅱ. 略