動詞to do(不定式)、動詞ing(動名詞)以及動詞原形這三種動詞形態是小學英語考試的一個重難點,也是困擾很多學生的一個難題,很多學生對此是「只可遠觀而不可褻玩焉」,今天我們就來講解下這三種基本動詞形態的區別。
一、動詞原形怎麼用?
1、語法層面。一般現在時中,主語非第三人稱單數,其後的動詞用原形(如:
We all like learning English.(we不是第三人稱單數,其後like用原形)
2、句式層面。祈使句(表達命令、要求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子)開頭的動詞用原形。如下2例:
(1)Be quiet!all of you.(你們所有人都要保持安靜!)
(2)Don't do your homework late at night! or you will be late for school tomorrow. (晚上不要做你的家庭作業太晚,否則你明天將會上學遲到)
3、用詞搭配層面。分幾種情況:
(1)情態動詞。如can/could/should/must/will等後面動詞用原形。例:
Daniel can play basketball well.(情態動詞can緊隨其後的動詞用原形)
(2)固定搭配。
let sb do sth./make sb do sth./ help sb do sth.
例: Let's have some fun!(讓我們玩的開心)
(3)助動詞。如do/does/did以及它們的否定形式,後面跟動詞原形。
例:Does she read newspapers?(does後緊隨其後的動詞用原形)
(4)why not do sth.為什麼不做某事
例:Why not sing a song?(為什麼不唱首歌呢?)
二、動詞to do怎麼用?
1、語法層面。動詞to do 形式表目的,意為「為了……/去幹……」,放在句首的時候表達「為了」,放在句中或句末時表達「去幹」,下面舉3個例子說明:
例1:To keep safe, you shouldn't run on the road.(為了保持安全,你不應該在路上跑)
例2:What should you do to cross the road safely?(你應該做什麼去安全地穿過馬路?)
例3:Beijing is a beautiful place to travel.(北京是一個去旅遊的好地方)
2、句式層面。It' s time (for sb) to do sth./ It' s +形容詞+(for sb)+ to do sth
例1:It' s time to have class.(該上課了)
例2:It' s easy for me to drive.(對我來說,開車很容易)
3、用詞搭配層面。
(1)want to do / would like to do想要幹某事
(2) ask sb to do / tell sb to do/invite sb to do叫/告訴/邀請某人做某事
(3)plan to do 計劃做某事
(4)have to do不得不做某事
(5)use sth. to do 用……去幹……
(6)be ready to do sth.準備好幹某事
(7)can't wait to do sth.迫不及待去做某事
三、動詞ing怎麼用?
1、語法層面。表達正在進行時態,be動詞+動詞ing結構。
例:He is playing the piano now.(他現在正在彈鋼琴)
2、句式層面。動詞ing開頭充當名詞作句子的主語。看2個例子:
例1:Swimming is good for your health.(遊泳對你的身體好)
例2:Smoking too much is bad for you.(吸菸太多對你不好)
(1) 固定搭配。 like/love +doing喜愛幹某事;finish doing完成幹某事;keep doing 繼續幹某事
(2) 表示課程。Swimming/Dancing/ lesson
例: I am going to have a Dancing lesson this weekend.
(3) 表示標誌。No Parking/ No Smoking
(4) 用在介詞後面。be good at/ what about/how about+doing
例:What about having a picnic?
(5)go+動詞ing,表達「去幹什麼」go fishing/swimming/shopping...
例:Let's go fishing.
(6)be busy doing sth.忙於做某事
例:She is busy with her homework.
(7)thank sb for doing sth.感謝某人做某事
例:Thank you for helping me.
好了,以上就是為大家總結的小學英語動詞to do/動詞ing/動詞原形三種形態考點,如果有用,歡迎大家關注分享和轉發哦!